Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Concept
- 1. Introduction to AI Prepared By: Prof. Arvind Meniya
- 2. Introduction of AI Artificial Intelligence is composed of two words Artificial and Intelligence, where Artificial defines "man- made," and intelligence defines "thinking power", hence AI means "a man- made thinking power.“ So, we can define AI as: "It is a branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines which can behave like a human, think like humans, and able to make decisions.“
- 3. Introduction of AI Artificial Intelligence exists when a machine can have human based skills such as learning, reasoning, and solving problems. n today's world, technology is growing very fast, and we are getting in touch with different new technologies day by day. AI is one of the fascinating and universal fields of Computer science which has a great scope in future. AI holds a tendency to cause a machine to work as a human.
- 4. Why Artificial Intelligence? Following are some main reasons to learn about AI: With the help of AI, you can create such software or devices which can solve real-world problems very easily and with accuracy such as health issues, marketing, traffic issues, etc. With the help of AI, you can create your personal virtual Assistant, such as Cortana, Google Assistant, Siri, etc. With the help of AI, you can build such Robots which can work in an environment where survival of humans can be at risk.
- 5. History of AI In the late 1800s and early 1900s, modern computing started to take shape. Charles Babbage designed machines that could be programmed in the 1830s. In the 1940s, John Von Neumann came up with the idea of storing computer programs. The 1950s brought us modern computers, letting scientists dig into machine intelligence. Alan Turing's Turing test became a big deal in computer smarts. The term "artificial intelligence" was first used in a 1956 Dartmouth College meeting, where they introduced the first AI program, the Logic Theorist. In the late 1990s, Computers were faster, and there was more data. IBM's Deep Blue beating chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997 .
- 6. History of AI The 2000s started a new era with machine learning, language processing, and computer vision. This led to cool new products and services. The 2010s saw AI take off with things like voice assistants and self- driving cars. In the 2020s, generative AI like ChatGPT-3 and Google's Bard grabbed everyone's attention.
- 7. Types of AI Artificial Intelligence can be categorized in several ways, primarily based on two main criteria: Type – 1: Based on Capabilities Type – 2: Based on Functionality
- 8. Type – 1: Based On Capabilities Based on Capabilities Weak AI or Narrow AI General AI Super AI
- 9. Weak AI or Narrow AI Narrow AI, also known as Weak AI, is like a specialist in the world of Artificial Intelligence. Imagine it as a virtual expert dedicated to performing one specific task with intelligence. For example, think of Apple's Siri. It's pretty smart when it comes to voice commands and answering questions, but it doesn't understand or do much beyond that. Narrow AI operates within strict limits, and if you ask it to step outside its comfort zone, it might not perform as expected. This type of AI is everywhere in today's world, from self-driving cars to image recognition on your smart phone. IBM's Watson is another example of Narrow AI. It's a supercomputer that combines Expert Systems, Machine Learning, and Natural Language Processing, but it's still a specialist. It's excellent at crunching data and providing insights but doesn't venture far beyond its defined tasks.
- 10. General AI General AI, often referred to as Strong AI. General AI is like the holy grail of artificial intelligence. Picture it as a system that could do any intellectual task with the efficiency of a human. General AI aims to create machines that think and learn like humans, but here's the catch: there's no such system in existence yet. Researchers worldwide are working carefully to make it a reality, but it's a complex journey that will require significant time and effort.
- 11. Super AI Super AI takes AI to another level entirely. It's the pinnacle of machine intelligence, where machines surpass human capabilities in every cognitive aspect. These machines can think, reason, solve puzzles, make judgments, plan, learn, and communicate independently. However, it's important to note that Super AI is currently a hypothetical concept. Achieving such a level of artificial intelligence would be nothing short of revolutionary, and it's a challenge that's still on the horizon.
- 13. Type – 2: Based On Functionality Based on Functionality Reactive Machines Limited Memory Theory of Mind Self- Awareness
- 14. Reactive Machine Reactive Machines represent the most basic form of Artificial Intelligence. These machines live in the present moment and don't have memories or past experiences to guide their actions. They focus solely on the current scenario and respond with the best possible action based on their programming. An example of a reactive machine is IBM's Deep Blue, the chess-playing computer. Characteristics of Reactive Machine: 1. No Learning: No Capability to learn from experience or data. They follow fix rules and patterns. 2. Limited Scope: Designed for specific task or domain. 3. Deterministic Behavior: Their responses are predictable and consistent. 4. No Memory: No memory for recording past experience. 5. Real Time Processing: Used in Real time applications where immediate actions are required.
- 15. Limited Memory Limited Memory machines can remember some past experiences or data but only for a short period. They use this stored information to make decisions and navigate situations. Characteristics of Limited Memory: 1. Finite Memory: Finite capacity to store the information for the data that is used in ongoing project. 2. Short term memory: They can store only the recent data or information that is relevant to current task. 3. Task Specific: These systems are task specific means that once the task is completed, the memory will be cleared. A great example of this type of AI is seen in self-driving cars. These vehicles store recent data like the speed of nearby cars, distances, and speed limits to safely navigate the road.
- 16. Theory of Mind: Theory of Mind Al should understand the human emotions, intentions, thoughts, perceptions, people beliefs, and be able to interact socially like humans. This type of system is still not developed, but researchers are making lots of efforts for developing such Al systems.
- 17. Self Awareness: Self-awareness is the capacity to recognize, understand, and have knowledge about oneself, including one's thoughts, emotions, motivations, and experiences. These machines will be more intelligent than human, and will have their own consciousness, sentiments, decision-making, social interactions, and self-awareness. This type of system is still not developed, but researchers are making lots of efforts for developing such Al systems.
- 18. Future of AI All around us and which is ready to create a revolution in the field of computer science and technology. The future of artificial intelligence (AI) holds tremendous potential and is expected to bring about significant changes in various aspects of our lives. The Following are the fields in which AI is trending and useful for the problem solving:
- 19. Future of AI The future of artificial intelligence (AI) holds tremendous potential and is expected to bring about significant changes in various aspects of our lives. The Following are the fields in which AI is trending and useful for the problem solving:
- 20. AI in Healthcare AI will play an important role in Healthcare for dieses diagnosis, drug discovery, and management of the medical records. Artificially Intelligent robots would be employed for performing complex surgeries with a high degree of precision. Al would also be developed in wearable devices like watches and wrist bands to monitor the human body and predict any diseases if any. AI in Autonomous System Autonomous vehicles, drones, and robots will become more widespread. These systems will become safer, more capable, and integrated into various industries, including transportation, agriculture, and logistics. Autonomous driving is one among the key application areas of Al. Level 2.0 Autonomy has already been achieved by Tesla. Once autonomous vehicles would be on road, cab services like Uber and Ola would be driverless. This would change the way transport industry functions.
- 21. AI in Healthcare AI will play an important role in Healthcare for dieses diagnosis, drug discovery, and management of the medical records. Artificially Intelligent robots would be employed for performing complex surgeries with a high degree of precision. Al would also be developed in wearable devices like watches and wrist bands to monitor the human body and predict any diseases if any. AI in Autonomous System Autonomous vehicles, drones, and robots will become more widespread. These systems will become safer, more capable, and integrated into various industries, including transportation, agriculture, and logistics. Autonomous driving is one among the key application areas of Al. Level 2.0 Autonomy has already been achieved by Tesla. Once autonomous vehicles would be on road, cab services like Uber and Ola would be driverless. This would change the way transport industry functions.