Introduction to computer

Jeevan Jyoti Public School
EmailID: chirnjeev020397@gmail.com
Subject: Computer Fundamentals

Contents
 Todays Topic: Introduction to Computer Software
 We will learn
1. What is software?
2. What is Hardware?
3. Types of Software
 System s/w, Application s/w, Open source &
Proprietary s/w
4. Examples of system Software
 Operating System, compiler, loader, linker,
Interpreter
5. Examples of Application Software
 Word processors, Spreadsheets, Presentation,
Database systems

Introduction to Computer
Software

Software & Hardware?
 Computer Instructions or data, anything that can be
stored electronically is Software.
 Hardware is one that is tangible. The storage devices
(Hard disk, CD’s etc.,), mouse, keyboard CPU and
display devices (Monitor) are Hardware.
For example: There is a problem in the Software implies
– Problem with program or data

Types of Software
 System Software
 Application Software
 Open source Software and
 Proprietary Software

System Software:
System Software includes the Operating System and all
the utilities that enable the computer to function.
System software is a term referring to any computer
software which manages and controls the hardware so
that application software can perform a task.
Example:
Operating Systems, Compiler, Loader, Linker, Interpreter.

Application Software:
Application Software includes programs that do real work
for user.
Example:
Payroll systems, Inventory Control, Manage student
database, Word Processor, Spreadsheet and Database
Management System etc.,

Open Source Software:
 Open source software (OSS) is computer software
whose source code is available under a license that
permits users to use, change, and improve the software,
and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form.
 It is often developed in a public, collaborative manner.
Well-known OSS products are Linux, Netscape, Apache,
etc.,

Proprietary Software:
 Proprietary software (also called non-free
software) is software with restrictions on using,
copying and modifying as enforced by the proprietor.
Restrictions on use, modification and copying is
achieved by either legal or technical means and
sometimes both.
 Proponents of proprietary software are Microsoft.
 Ex: CAD, Nortan Antivirus etc.,

System Software:
Operating System:
 Operating System is a software, which makes a
computer to actually work.
 It is the software the enables all the programs we use.
 The OS organizes and controls the hardware.
 OS acts as an interface between the application
programs and the machine hardware.
 Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS, etc.,

System Software (contd):
Source
Languages
Target Languages
‘C’ language ‘C’ language
‘Pascal’ language Machine language
FORTRAN language
C++ language
ADA language
Compiler: A compiler is a program that reads a
program in one language – the source language and
translates into an equivalent program in another
language – the target language.

Loader: A loader is the part of an operating system that
is responsible for loading programs into memory,
preparing them for execution and then executing them.
The loader is usually a part of the operating system's
kernel and usually is loaded at system boot time and
stays in memory until the system is rebooted, shut down,
or powered off.
In Unix, the loader is the handler for the system call
execve().

Linker: A linker or link editor is a program that takes
one or more objects generated by compilers and
assembles them into a single executable program.
Linkers can take objects from a collection called a
library. The objects are program modules containing
machine code and information for the linker.
The linker takes care of arranging the objects in a
program's address space.

Interpreter: An interpreter is a computer
program that translates and executes
instructions written in a computer programming
language line-by-line, unit by unit etc.,
An interpreter needs to be able to analyze, or
parse, instructions written in the source
language.
Example: Lisp systems, etc.,

Application Software:
Word Processors:
Word processing is a tool that helps user in creating,
editing, and printing documents. Word processors will
normally have the following capabilities built into them:
 Spell checking
 Standard layouts for normal documents
 Have some characters appear in bold print,
italics, or underlined
 Center lines, make text line up on the left side
of the paper, or the right side of the paper
 Save the document so it can be used again
 print the document.
Examples: WordPerfect and Microsoft Word

Application Software
(contd…):
Spreadsheets: The spreadsheet packages are
designed to use numbers and formulas to do
calculations with ease. Examples of spreadsheets
include:
 Budgets
 Payrolls
 Grade Calculations
 Address Lists
The most commonly used spreadsheet programs are
Microsoft Excel and Lotus 123.

(contd…):
Graphic Presentations: The presentation
programs can make giving presentations and using
overheads easier. Other uses include:
 Slide Shows
 Repeating Computer Presentations on a
computer monitor
 Using Sound and animation in slide shows
The most recognized graphic presentation programs are
Microsoft PowerPoint and Harvard Graphics.

(contd…):
Database Management System (DBMS):
 A DBMS is a software tool that allows multiple users to
store, access, and process data into useful information.
 Database programs are designed for these types of
applications:
 Membership lists
 Student lists
 Grade reports
 Instructor schedules
All of these have to be maintained so you can find what
you need quickly and accurately.
 Example:Microsoft Access, dBASE, Oracle.

Questions:
1. Think about some machine / items / gadgets having
only Hardware.
2. Think about some machine / items / gadgets having
both Hardware and Software.
3. Find the Operating Syste, you are using and its
version.
4. Develop some application using
 Word – processor
 Spread sheet
and list some important command.
5. Find 5 proprietary software names.

Introduction to computer

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