Introduction to embedded systems
- 2. Agenda :- Introduction- What is an Embedded System History What is inside the embedded system Block diagram of Embedded System Architecture of embedded system Features Classification of embedded systems Applications Conclusion
- 3. What is an embedded system? EMBEDDED SYSTEM = SOFTWARE + HARDWARE An embedded system is one that has computer hardware and software embedded in it as one of its components. It can also be defined as the microprocessor based system that does not look like a computer.
- 4. History First modern embedded system was the Apollo Guidance computer developed – by Charles Stark Draper at the MIT instrumentation Laboratory. An early mass produced embedded system was the Autonetics D-17 guidance computer for the minuteman missile released in 1961. Since these early applications in 1960’s embedded systems have come down in price and there has been a dramatic rise in processing power and functionality. MINUTEMAN DISK D-17
- 5. What is inside the embedded system Every embedded system consists of custom built hardware built around a Central Processing Unit (CPU). This memory hardware also contains memory chips onto which the software is loaded. The software residing on the memory chip is also called the ‘Firmware’. SOFTWARE APPLICATION OS DEVICE DRIVERS + EMBEDDED SYSTEMS HARDWARE CPU MEMORY IO DEVICES
- 6. Application Software Operating System Hardware Layered Architecture of an Embedded System
- 7. Block diagram of embedded system CPUAD DA SENSORS ACTUATORS MEMORY SOFTWARE
- 8. Hardware Architecture of an Embedded System Read Only Memory Random Access Memory Input Devices Output Devices Central Processing Unit (CPU) Application- Specific Circuitry Communication Interfaces
- 9. Blocks of Hardware of Embedded System Central Processing unit Memory (Read only Memory and Random Access Memory) Input Devices Output Devices Communication Interfaces Application- Specific Circuitry
- 10. Features of Embedded Systems They are constrained for power. The power consumption is very low. They are highly reliable. Wide variety of operating systems and processors are used in embedded systems. They have a very low cost. They are small in size.
- 11. Classification of Embedded Systems Stand Alone Embedded Systems Real Time Embedded Systems Network Information Appliances Mobile Devices
- 12. Stand Alone Embedded Systems As the name implies this systems work in stand alone modes. Uses : INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT ORELECTRICAL SIGNALS HUMAN ACTIVITY ELECTRICAL SIGNALS LED/LCD DISPLAY OR PROCCES CONTROL AUTOMOBILES ELECTRONIC ITEMS
- 13. Real Time Embedded Systems A system in which work has to be done in a specific time period. HARD REAL TIME SOFT REAL TIME Missile embedded with a tracking system Aircraft DVD PLAYER
- 14. NETWORKED INFORMATION APPLIANCES Examples : A web camera can be connected to the internet . The web camera can send pictures in real time to any computer connected to internet. SYSTEMS INTERNET LOCAL AREA NETWORK NETWORK INTERFACE NETWORK Web camera
- 15. MOBILE DEVICES The limitations of the Mobile devices – memory Constraints , small size, lack of Good user interfaces such as full Fledged keyboard and display. Above limitations same as embedded systems. Hence mobile Phones are called embedded Systems. PDA MOBILE SMART PHONE
- 16. Languages for Programming Embedded systems • Assembly language used for programming recently. • New languages developed for programming like Ada, Forth, Java. • Majority of software – C language used. • Recent survey – 45% still use C language. • C is very close to assembly programming and allows easy access to underlying hardware. • C++ is also increasing presence in the systems which is based on C language.
- 17. Advantages Design and efficiency Compact devices Cost effective Maintenance Redundancies
- 18. Disadvantages Embedded Systems do a very specific task Have limited resources. They don’t have secondary storage device. Need designers, debuggers, compilers.
- 19. Applications Embedded Systems Everywhere:- • Biomedical Instrumentation- • Communication System- ECG RECORDER PATIENT MONITOR SYSTEM PAGER TRANSRECIEVER FAX MACHINE
- 20. • Peripheral controllers of a computer- • Industrial Instrumentation- KEYBOARD CONTROLLER LAN CONTROLLER DISK DRIVE CONTROLLER DC MOTOR CONTROLLER CNC MACHINE CONTROLLER PROCESS CONTROLLER
- 21. • Scientific- CRT DISPLAY CONTROLLER SPECTRUM ANALYZER DIGITAL STORAGE SYSTEM
- 22. Conclusion Finally we can say that embedded systems are those electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor or microcontroller) within their implementation. A computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility.
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