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INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH EDUCATION.pptx
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH EDUCATION By:- Dr. Muhammad Ismail Durrani
- 2. HEALTH WHO Defined health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not the mere absence of disease or infirmity.”
- 3. Physical Health Refers to anatomical integrity and physiological functioning of the body. To say a person is physically healthy: • All the body parts should be there. • All of them are in their natural place and position. • None of them has any pathology. • All of them are doing their physiological functions properly. • And they work with each other harmoniously.
- 4. Mental Health Ability to learn and think clearly. A person with good mental health is able to handle:- day-to-day events and obstacles, work towards important goals, and function effectively in society.
- 5. Social Health Ability to make and maintain acceptable interactions with other people. e.g. To feel sad when somebody close to you passes away.
- 6. Absence of Health is denoted by:- DISEASE :- Is the existence of some pathology or abnormality of the body, which is capable of detection using, accepted investigation methods. ILLNESS:- is the subjective state of a person who feels aware of not being well. SICKNESS is a state of social dysfunction: a role that an individual assumes when ill.
- 7. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT At the time of Alma Ata declaration of Primary Health Care (PHC) in 1978. Health education was put as one of the components of PHC and it was recognized as a fundamental tool to the attainment of health for all. Adopting this declaration, Pakistan utilizes health education as a primary means of prevention of diseases and promotion of health.
- 8. Aims and Principles of Health Education Aims:- Motivating people to adopt health-promoting behaviors by providing appropriate knowledge and helping to develop positive attitude. • Helping people to make decisions about their health and acquire the necessary confidence and skills to put their decisions into practice.
- 9. Basic Principles • All health education should be need based. • Health education aims at change of behavior. • It is necessary to have a free flow of communication. • The health educator has to adjust his talk and action to suit the group for whom he has to give health education. • Health Education should provide an opportunity for the clients to go through the stages of identification of problems, planning, implementation and evaluation.
- 10. Basic Principles ( Contd) • Health Education is based on scientific findings and current knowledge. • The health educators have to make themselves acceptable. They have to win the confidence of clients. • Health Education should start from the existing indigenous knowledge and efforts should aim at small changes in a graded fashion and not be too ambitious. People will learn step by step and not everything together.
- 11. Wellness The New Health Goal Wellness = an overall state of well-being, total health Dimensions of wellness Physical wellness Avoiding bad habits, making good decisions Emotional wellness Trust, self-esteem, self-control
- 12. WELLNESS (contd) Intellectual wellness Openness to new ideas, thinking critically, creativity Spiritual wellness Set guiding beliefs, principles Interpersonal and social wellness Healthy relationships, communication Environmental, or planetary, wellness Tobacco smoke, UV rays
- 13. Health/Wellness Continuum Your health is always changing The Health continuum identifies your level of health at a given moment in time The dimensions of wellness all impact your overall health The dimensions are not exclusive; when one is affected, most often, others are too. Every decision you make affects where you fall on the health continuum
- 14. New Opportunities, New Responsibilities Infectious diseases, caused by invading microorganisms, were the leading causes of death a century ago Chronic diseases, caused by a variety of lifestyle and other factors, are the leading causes of death today
- 15. Leading Causes of Death Overall Heart disease Cancer Stroke Chronic lower respiratory diseases (emphysema, chronic bronchitis) Unintentional injuries (accidents) Diabetes
- 16. Leading Causes of Death by Age Ages 10-19 1) Accidents 2) Suicide 3) Homicide 4) Cancer 5) Congenital Defects Ages 65+ 1) Heart Disease 2) Cancer 3) Diseases
- 17. Behaviors That Contribute to Wellness Partaking in these 8 behaviors will make you a healthier person: Be physically active Choose a healthy diet Maintain a healthy body weight Manage stress effectively Avoid tobacco and drug use and limit alcohol consumption Protect yourself from disease and injury Get 8-10 hours of sleep a night Abstain from sexual activity before marriage
- 18. The Role of Other Factors in Wellness Heredity – inherent genetic traits Risk for certain diseases Environment – the sum of your surroundings Physical, Social (Peers), Cultural Health care Better health care, better treatment Attitude Behavior Avoid bad habits Media Technology