HTML Foundations, pt 2
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The document provides an overview of HTML elements and tags. It discusses the anatomy of elements, including tags, content, and attributes. Common block elements (like <p> and <div>) and inline elements (like <img> and <a>) are described. The document also covers important tags like <a> for links, <table> for tables, and <form> for forms. It explains how to properly structure these elements and includes examples of proper syntax and usage. Key concepts covered include relative vs. absolute links, the <index> file, using colspan to span table columns, and required form attributes like "action" and "name".
![Submitting Forms: Submit
Submit
A simple <input type=”submit”> is the easiest
way to add a submit button to your form. You
can hook onto this element in css by using the
pseudo selector input[type=submit].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/week-3-htmlpt2-120920170223-phpapp02/85/HTML-Foundations-pt-2-76-320.jpg)
HTML Foundations, pt 2
- 1. HTML Foundations, pt 2 22-3375 Web Design I // Columbia College Chicago
- 2. Review
- 3. Anatomy of an Element <tag>Content</tag> An HTML element includes both the HTML tag and everything between the tag (the content).
- 4. Anatomy of an Element <tag>Content</tag> The element tag gives the content structure and meaning.
- 5. Anatomy of an Element <tag>Content</tag> Tags normally come in pairs. The first tag is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag.
- 6. Anatomy of an Element <h1>Main Headline</h1> HTML has a defined set of tag names (also called keywords) that the browser understands.
- 7. The essential element tags so far Primary Structure Head Elements Body Elements html title p head meta br body h1 – h6 ul ol a img
- 8. Anatomy of an Element <html lang=”en”></html> Most elements can have attributes, which provides additional informatin about the element.
- 9. Anatomy of an Element <div class=”left-nav”></div> Attributes always follow the same format: name=”value”. You can use either single or double quotes.
- 10. The essential attributes so far html <html lang=”en”></html> meta <meta charset=”utf-8”> link <link rel=”stylesheet” type-”text/css” href=”stylesheet/styles.css”> img <img src=”images/image.jpg” alt=”Sam”> a <a href=”http://colum.edu”>My school</a>
- 13. Properties What are properties? While attributes provide additional information about a specific element’s content, every element type has a set of default properties that define how that element will be shown in the browser.
- 15. Block and Inline elements One important default style applied to elements is whether they are block or inline. This is called their display property (we will talk about properties when we get to CSS). A block element takes up the full width available to the element, and forces a line above and below. Examples include <p>, <div>, <ul>, <blockquote> and all headers. another element block element another element another element
- 16. Block and Inline elements A inline element can be inserted within block elements or other inline elements and do no create additional space or line breaks. Examples include <img>, <em>, <strong>, <a>, and <span>. <p> <p></p> <p></p> <a></a> </p>
- 17. Class Exercise ! Open ‘elements.html’ in bbedit and create tags around the unstructured text.
- 19. <a></a> The <a> element is an inline tag that works anywhere in the body to create a hyperlink.
- 20. EXAMPLE <a href="aboutme.html">About Me</a> <a href="http://www.colum.edu">My school</a> <a> tags are always used in pairs, wrapping the content you want to activate as a link. If you use an absolute URL, it must start with “http://”.
- 21. Relative vs Absolute links Whenever you link to a file with an ‘href‘ (hypertext reference ) or ‘src’ (source) attribute, you are providing the browser and address to the resource. That address can be relative or absolute. root directory (www.mysite.com) index.html images logo.png report.pdf stylesheet.css !
- 22. Relative vs Absolute links A relative link is relative to the resource’s location in its directory. It is like saying “the restaurant is 2 blocks away.” In the example below, if ‘logo.png‘ were linked from the homepage (index.html), the tag would be: <img src=”images/logo.png”> root directory (www.mysite.com) index.html images logo.png report.pdf stylesheet.css
- 23. Relative vs Absolute links An absolute link is the full address to the resource’s location in the entire web. It is like saying “the restaurant is at 222 West Grand, Chicago IL 60625.” <img src=”http://www.mysite.com/images/logo.png”> root directory (www.mysite.com) index.html images logo.png report.pdf stylesheet.css
- 24. Directories
- 27. Room 901 Room 902 Room 903 9th Floor 9th Floor/Room 902/
- 28. Room 901 Room 902 Room 903 9th Floor ../Room 902/ Two dots in front of a forward slash means: “step up one directory.” In this example it says: “step out of room 903 and then back into room 902, talk to “
- 29. Room 901 Room 902 Room 903 + 8th Floor 9th Floor 10th Floor + + Mich Ave Campus Wabash Campus Book & Paper Center + + University of IL Columbia College SAAIC +
- 30. Relative link to root A relative link (does not start with “http://”) with a slash at the beginning forces the link to start at the root of the website. This will only work on the server, not when you are working locally. /Columbia College/Wabash Campus/9th Floor/Room 902/ Absolute links Absolute links are typically used for linking to pages or files outside of your site’s directories. http://Columbia College/Wabash Campus/9th Floor/Room 902/
- 31. The index file When an absolute link is directed to a folder, the browser needs to know which file to open. By default, it looks for a file named “index” (the extension is not important, usually is it index.html, or index.php). This is why the homepage is always named “index”. So, <a href=”http://www.mysite.com/”> and <a href=”http://www.mysite.com/index.html”> will open the same file. root directory (www.mysite.com) index.html images logo.png
- 32. Class Exercise ! Open the folder ‘linking exercise” for a tutorial
- 33. Tables
- 34. What are tables? Tables are html elements that are used for presenting rows and columns of tabular data. Tables are always created using three or more nested tags (at a minimum: table, tr, td) For many years, designers used tables for layout, which is now done with CSS, except in certain scenarios (mainly for html emails).
- 36. <table></table> The <table> tag defines and encloses the entire HTML table.
- 37. <thead></thead> The <thead> tag is used to group header content in an HTML table.
- 38. <tfoot></tfoot> The <tfoot> tag is used to group footer content in an HTML table.
- 39. <tbody></tbody> The <tbody> tag is used to group the body content in an HTML table.
- 40. <tr></tr> The <tr> tag defines a row in an HTML table.
- 41. <th></th> <td></td> These tags are the actual data cells: “table header” and “table data”. Use <th> if the cell is inside <thead> tags.
- 43. <th colspan=”2”></th> <td colspan=”2”></td> If your td or th element needs to span over another column, use the colspan attribute.
- 44. EXAMPLE Every <tr> element in a table must contain the same number of cells, unless a ‘colspan’ element is used. In the example above, the first row has a cell that is using colspan=”2” to make a single cell take the space of two cells.
- 45. EXAMPLE Every table must have table, tr and td (or th) tags. Marking up the header and body is good practice, but not essential.
- 46. Class Exercise ! Open ‘table-exercises.html’ in bbedit and create two tables from the un-marked-up content.
- 47. Forms
- 49. What is a form? HTML borrows the concept of a form to refer to different elements that allow you to collect information from visitors on your site.
- 52. How do HTML forms work? HTML form elements provide temporary storage for the information the user enters into the form. When the user clicks “submit,” the values are collected and sent to a server. The server processes the form data and sends back a new page (a response). form server
- 53. Form Types
- 54. There are three basic types of form controls, for: Adding Text Making Choices Submitting Forms Uploading Files
- 55. Adding Text Text Input Password Input Text Area
- 57. Submitting Forms Submit Buttons Image Buttons Buttons
- 59. Form Syntax
- 60. <form></form> The <form> tag is used to create an HTML form for user input.
- 61. <form action=”http://www.mysite.com/ process.php”> </form> The <form> tag contains the attributes that tell the browser how to handle the data when user hits ‘submit’. The essential, won’t-work-without-it, attribute is “action”. This is server address where the browser will send the data.
- 62. <form> <input> </form> <input> elements are used within a <form> element to declare input controls that allow users to input data. <input> is an inline, self-closing tag. An input field can vary in many ways, depending on the type attribute.
- 63. <form> <input type=”text” name=”username”> </form> The <input> tag should always have, at a minimum, a type and name attribute. The “type” attribute controls the form type (text, radio, dropdown, etc), and the “name” attribute is how you identify the data when it is sent to the server.
- 64. Input Attributes: type You create the different type of form elements through the “type” attribute. These include: text, password, radio, checkbox, select, file, submit, image, and hidden.
- 65. Input Attributes: type For example: <input type=”text”> would create this:
- 66. Input Attributes: name You then need to add a name so the data can be identified by the server: <input type=”text” name=”username”> !
- 67. Input Attributes: name The data that is sent to the server is sent as a “name/value pair”. For example, if the user entered “Sarah” into the text box: <input type=”text” name=”username”> The server would receive: username=”Sarah” !
- 68. Class Exercise ! Create a form for our tutorial: Text input (name) Dropdown (favorite color) Radio (human or robot) Text area (comment) Submit
- 69. Adding Text: Examples Text Input
- 70. Adding Text: Examples Text Input You can add additional attributes to your text inputs to control their width (size, in characters), and maxlength (in characthers). You can also control the width of the input field in your css (in pixels, % or ems).
- 71. Adding Text: Examples Text Area Text areas are a bit different: they are not contained in an <input> tag, and they require a closing tag (<textarea></textarea>.
- 72. Making Choices: Checkboxes Checkboxes With checkboxes and radio buttons, the “name” attribute creates the grouping between the options. The “value” attribute tells the server which option the user selected. add a “checked” value if you want an option to be preselected.
- 73. Making Choices: Radio Buttons Radio Buttons Use a radio button when the user can only select one option. Like checkboxes, add a “checked” value if you want an option to be preselected.
- 74. Making Choices: Dropdowns Drop-downs Dropdowns are made up of two opening and closing tags: <select> and <option>. Whatever option appears at the top is the default, unless you add a “selected=”selected” attribute to the option tag.
- 76. Submitting Forms: Submit Submit A simple <input type=”submit”> is the easiest way to add a submit button to your form. You can hook onto this element in css by using the pseudo selector input[type=submit].
- 77. Submitting Forms: Image Image <input type=”image”> allows you to replace the standard submit button with an image of a submit button. This method is not recommended.
- 78. Submitting Forms: Button Button Inside a <button> element you can put content, like text or images. This is the difference between this element and buttons created with the <input> element.
- 79. EXAMPLE
- 80. Form Labels
- 81. <form> Your Name<br> <input type=”text” name=”name”><br> Your Email<br> <input type=”text” name=”email”><br> <input type=”submit”> </form> There are a few ways to add labels to your form elements. The simplest way is to just add unmarked up text with <br> elements.
- 82. <label for=”name”> Your Name <label><br> <input type=”text” name=”name” id=”name”> Another way is to use the “label” element. It can wrap both the label and input, or stand outside of the input. You can style the label element in css. If you use this method, you should add a “for” attribute to the label that matches the id of the form element (not required, but good for accessibility reasons).
- 83. <label> Your Name<br> <input type=”text” name=”name”> <label> You can also wrap the entire element in the label tag. Both used of the label tag give your radio and checkboxes the added feature of making the entire field clickable.
- 84. Form Design