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Introduction to information system
This document provides an introduction to information systems. It defines key concepts like data, information, knowledge, and the difference between them. It also describes the different types of information systems, including transaction processing systems, management information systems, executive information systems, decision support systems, and office information systems. The document outlines the five basic components of an information system as hardware, software, data, processes, and human users. It provides examples of both manual and computerized information systems.
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Introduction to information system
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATIONSYSTEM Andino Maseleno http://maseleno.blogspot.com [email protected]
- 2. Goal of thisCourse • This class is a broad introduction to Information System (IS) • IS is a very broad field with many subareas • We will cover many of the primary concepts/ideas
- 3. Data, Information, andKnowledge • Data: • Raw facts. Raw facts such as an employee’s name and number of hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers or sales orders. • Information: • Collection of facts organized in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves • Process: • Set of logically related tasks • Knowledge: • Awareness and understanding of a set of information
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- 5. • Alphanumeric (sometimesshortened to alphameric) is a combination of alphabetic and numeric characters, and is used to describe the collection of Latin letters and Arabic digits or a text constructed from this collection. • Merriam-Webster observes that the term "alphanumeric" may often additionally refer to other symbols, such as punctuation and mathematical symbols. • In the POSIX/C locale, there are either 36 (A-Z0-9, case insensitive) or 62 (A-Za-z0-9, case-sensitive) alphanumeric characters.
- 12. What is anInformation System? • Information system (IS) is a set of interrelated elements that: • Collect (input) • Manipulate (process) • Store • Disseminate (output) data and information • Provide a corrective reaction (feedback mechanism) to meet an objective
- 13. What is anInformation System? Feedback is critical to the successful operation of a system
- 14. Input, Processing, Output,Feedback • Input: • Activity of gathering and capturing raw data • Processing: • Converting data into useful outputs • Output: • Production of useful information, usually in the form of documents and reports • Feedback: • Information from the system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities
- 15. Manual and ComputerizedInformation Systems • An information system can be: • Manual or computerized • Example: • Investment analysts manually draw charts and trend lines to assist them in making investment decisions • Computerized information systems: • Follow stock indexes and markets and suggest when large blocks of stocks should be purchased or sold
- 16. Manual Information System Note: A trend line is formed when a diagonal line can be drawn between two or more price pivot points. They are commonly used to judge entry and exit investment timing when trading securities
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- 18. Components of aninformation system
- 19. The 5 componentsthat must come together in order to produce a computer-based information system are: 1. Hardware: The term hardware refers to machinery. This category includes the computer itself, which is often referred to as the central processing unit (CPU), and all of its support equipments. Among the support equipments are input and output devices, storage devices and communications devices.
- 20. Basic hardware ofa computer
- 23. Functions of theBasic Hardware of a Computer
- 25. 2. Software: Theterm software refers to computer programs and the manuals (if any) that support them. Computer programs are machine-readable instructions that direct the circuitry within the hardware parts of the system to function in ways that produce useful information from data. Programs are generally stored on some input / output medium,often a disk or tape.
- 26. 3. Data: Dataare facts that are used by programs to produce useful information. Like programs,data are generally stored in machine-readable form on disk or tape until the computer needs them.
- 27. 4. Processes: Processesare the policies that govern the operation of a computer system. " Processes are to people what software is to hardware" is a common analogy that is used to illustrate the role of procedures in a system.
- 28. 5.Human: Every systemneeds human if it is to be useful. Often the most over-looked element of the system are the people, probably the component that most influence the success or failure of information systems.
- 29. Differences between dataand information
- 30. Differences between dataand information Raw data from a supermarket checkout counter can be processed and organized to produce meaningful information, such as the total unit sales of dish detergent or the total sales revenue from dish detergent for a specific store or sales territory.
- 31. A four levelpyramid model of different types of information systems based on the different levels of hierarchy in an organization
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- 45. Information Systems tosupport decisions
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- 51. Characteristics of ValuableInformation
- 52. Information Systems AreMore Than Computers Using information systems effectively requires an understanding of the organization, management, and information technology shaping the systems. An information system creates value for the firm as an organizational and management solution to challenges posed by the environment.
- 53. The Interdependence BetweenOrganizations and Information Technology There is a growing interdependence between a firm’s information systems and its business capabilities. Changes in strategy, rules, and business processes increasingly require changes in hardware, software, databases, and telecommunications. Often, what the organization would like to do depends on what its systems will permit it to do.
- 54. Information SystemeTran Manager • The main designation of information system eTran Manager 2.0 is overall encompassing of processes, related to fleet management of vehicle . This is corporate management information system, which combines administrative, technical and accounting-financial information. • The software system addresses wide range of tasks in keeping up-to-date information about vehicles in use, drivers, insurances, roadworthiness tests, planned maintenance and repairs. Managed operational data includes information about course routes, traveling payments in the country and abroad, fuel and oil expenses, tires mileage and expenses, planned or accidental repairs expenses, incomes from the activity, as well as other generalized and analytical information. Various reports are supported. • The information system eTran Manager can be integrated with other information systems (billing system, GPS, ERP system …), which work in the company and her suppliers.