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Introduction to IPR
The document discusses intellectual property (IP), which refers to creations of the human mind such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, symbols, names, and images. IP is intangible property that arises from human intellectual effort. Some key types of IP discussed include patents, which protect inventions; trademarks, which protect signs used to distinguish goods/services; industrial designs, which protect aesthetic designs; and copyright, which protects literary and artistic works. The document also notes that a single product can be protected by multiple IP rights that restrict how the design, brand name, software, and other elements can be used by others.
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Introduction to IPR
- 1.
- 2. Session 1What is IntellectualProperty?What is Intellectual Property? 2 © 2009
- 3. Session 1DefinitionDefinition Intellectual property (IP)isthenamegiven to property arising out of human intellectual effort. 3 © 2009
- 4. Session 1The output ofhuman intellectual effort often manifests itself as new or original knowledge or creative expression which adds a desirable quality to a marketable product or service. 4 © 2009
- 5. Session 1 Various elements provideintellectual output with attributes that, in one way or another, enhance the quality of life. 5 © 2009
- 6. Session 1These elements maybe called ► human endeavour, ► ingenuity, ► creativity, ► inventiveness, ► flash of inspiration, ► sudden insight, or ► new insight into observed facts. 6 © 2009
- 7. Session 1► These Elementsmay involve in ■ solving a technical problem in making something with more desirable functional qualities, or ■ result in creating something aesthetically pleasing, to satisfy a human need or want, be it sensory, social, cultural, mental, spiritual or religious. 7 © 2009
- 8. Session 1Intellectual property refersto creations of the mind: ► Inventions, ► literary, ► Artistic works, ► Designs used in commerce, ► Symbols, ► Names, ► Images. 8 © 2009
- 9. Session 1Characteristics of IPCharacteristicsof IP ► A key characteristic of any property is that the owner of property has the exclusive authority to determine how that property is used. 9 © 2009
- 10. Session 1 10 Physical Property (Tangible orMaterial) Intellectual Property (Intangible or Immaterial) © 2009
- 11. Session 1 11 Physical Property (Tangible orMaterial) Intellectual Property (Intangible or Immaterial) In both the case the owner has exclusive right to determine how it is used. © 2009
- 12. Session 1 12 Physical Property (Tangible orMaterial) Intellectual Property (Intangible or Immaterial) Can only be used by one or a limited number of people at a given time. Can be used by various people at the same time (including the owner or creator). © 2009
- 13. Session 1 13 Physical Property (Tangible orMaterial) Intellectual Property (Intangible or Immaterial) Has economic value as long as it exists or as long as there is demand for it. Has economic value only for the duration specified in the laws and as long as there is demand for it. © 2009
- 14. Session 1 14 Physical Property (Tangible orMaterial) Intellectual Property (Intangible or Immaterial) Possibility of theft and disputes concerning ownership is rather limited. Greater possibility of theft and disputes concerning ownership. © 2009
- 15. Session 1 15 Physical Property (Tangible orMaterial) Intellectual Property (Intangible or Immaterial) Theft occurs only if the possession of the property changes hands. Theft occurs if the property is copied, imitated, adapted, translated, used, displayed, etc. without permission of the owner or creator. © 2009
- 16. Session 1 16 Physical Property (Tangible orMaterial) Intellectual Property (Intangible or Immaterial) In both the cases Expenditure or income from the property may be subject to taxation. © 2009
- 17. Session 1 17 Physical Property (Tangible orMaterial) Intellectual Property (Intangible or Immaterial) Both the properties May be valued and reflected on account books and balance sheets. © 2009
- 18. Session 1 18 Physical Property (Tangible orMaterial) Intellectual Property (Intangible or Immaterial) Both the properties May be securitized and used as collateral for borrowing money © 2009
- 19. Session 1 19 Physical Property (Tangible orMaterial) Intellectual Property (Intangible or Immaterial) Both the properties May be insured. © 2009
- 20. Session 1Intellectual PropertyIntellectual Property IndustrialPropertyIndustrial Property CopyrightCopyright PatentsPatents Trade MarkTrade Mark Industrial DesignsIndustrial Designs Trade SecretsTrade Secrets Geographic Indications Literary WorksLiterary Works Artistic WorksArtistic Works © 2009 20
- 21. Session 1PatentsPatents A patent isan exclusive right granted for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides a new and non-obvious way of doing something, or offers a new and non-obvious technical solution to a problem. 21 © 2009
- 22. Session 1Trade MarkTrade Mark Atrademark is a sign or any combination of signs, capable of distinguishing a product or service from other products or services on the market. 22 © 2009
- 23. Session 1Industrial DesignsIndustrial Designs Anindustrial design (or simply a design) is the appearance of the whole or part of a product resulting from features of, in particular, the lines, contours, colours, shape, texture and/or materials of the product itself and/or its ornamentation. 23 © 2009
- 24. Session 1Trade SecretsTrade Secrets Tradesecrets or confidential business information are any information that can be used in the operation of a business and that is sufficiently valuable and secret to afford economic advantage over others. 24 © 2009
- 25. Session 1Geographic IndicationsGeographic Indications Ageographical indication is a sign used on goods that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or reputation that are due to their place of origin. 25 © 2009
- 26. Session 1CopyrightCopyright Copyright describes abundle of rights given to creators in relation to their literary and artistic works. It protects items such as paintings, drawings, sculptures, photographs, architecture, instruction manuals, software, databases, technical documentation, advertisements, maps, literary works, music, films or songs. 26 © 2009
- 27. Session 1One Product, ManyIP RightsOne Product, Many IP Rights A single product may be protected by a variety of different IP rights e.g. CD Player. 27 © 2009
- 28. Session 1CD PlayerCD Player ►The innovative technical features of the product are protected by a series of PATENTS. ► The embedded computer programme controlling the operations are protected by COPYRIGHTS. ► The aesthetic design of CD Player can be protected by INDUSTRIAL DESIGN. 28 © 2009
- 29. Session 1CD PlayerCD Player ►The Brand used to market it can be protected as a TRADEMARK. ► In addition, the manufacturers probably hold a numbers of TRADE SECRETS ranging from their customer list to some of manufacturing processes or to other confidential information that they would not want to disclose to the competitors. 29 © 2009
- 30. Session 1CD PlayerCD Player ►In addition, the inventors of CD chose to grant the authorization (or LICENCE) to a number of companies to use the CD technology in exchange of Payment, thus acquiring additional income from the LICENCE. ► The inventors of innovative products can obtain exclusivity to use, or prohibit others from using, each one of this elements through IP Protection. 30 © 2009