Introduction to Microcontroller
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The document discusses microcontrollers, including: - What a microcontroller is, its basic anatomy and how it works to serve as a bridge between the physical and digital worlds. - The main components of a microcontroller including the CPU, memory, I/O ports, timers, and ADC/DAC. - Types of microcontrollers such as 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit varieties as well as external vs embedded memory architectures. - Popular microcontroller families like 8051, PIC, AVR, and ARM. - Applications of microcontrollers in devices like home appliances, industrial equipment, and computers.
Introduction to Microcontroller
- 2. What is Microcontroller. Microcontroller Basics. Anatomy of (e.g.) Microcontroller. Block Diagram(s). How does Microcontroller work? Types of Microcontroller. About 8051 Microcontroller. About PIC Microcontroller. About AVC Microcontroller. About ARM Microcontroller. Applications. Latest Innovations through help of Microcontroller. What we are going to See in this Presentation.
- 3. A microcontroller is an integrated chip that is often part of an embedded system. AKA: MCU, uC, µC. Also termed as Embedded Controller. In Short it’s a tiny computer that programmable to run one program. Serves as a bridge between the physical world & the computer world. 4 Functions: Input, Process, Output, Communicate. What is Microcontroller?
- 4. The Basic Structure of a microcontroller comprises of :- CPU. Memory. Input/output Ports. Serial ports. Timers. ADC & DAC. Interpret Control. Special Functioning Block. Microcontroller Basics
- 5. A CPU ranging from simple 4-bits to complex 128- bits processor. Microcontroller brain is named as CPU as it is employed to fetch data, decode it & at the end complete the assigned task successfully. With the help of CPU the component of the microcontroller is connected to single system. Instruction fetched by the memory is decoded by the CPU. CPU
- 6. In a microcontroller memory chip work same as microprocessor. Memory chip stores all programs & data. Microcontrollers are built with certain amount of ROM or RAM or flash memory for storage of program source code. Memory
- 7. I/O Ports are basically employed to interface or drive different appliances such as printers, LCD, etc. Serial ports give serial interfaces amid microcontroller & various other peripherals such as parallel port. Input/output Ports & Serial Ports.
- 8. A microcontroller may be in-built with one or more timer or counters. The timers & counters control all counting & timing operations within a microcontroller. Timers are employed to count external pulses. The main operations performed by timers’ are- pulse generations, clock functions, frequency measuring, modulations, making oscillations, etc. Timers
- 9. ADC (Analog to digital converter) is employed to convert analog signals to digital ones. The input signals need to be analog for ADC. The digital signal production can be employed for different digital applications (such as- measurement gadgets). DAC (digital to analog converter) executes opposite functions that ADC perform. This device is generally employed to supervise analog appliances like- DC motors, etc. ADC/DAC
- 13. Microcontroller has as input device in order to get the input & an output device(such as LED or LCD display) to exhibit the final process. Lets take an example of how a microcontroller works in a Television!! The television has a remote control as an Input device & the Screen as Output device. The signal sent from remote control is captured by microcontroller. The microcontroller controls the channel selection, the amplifier system & picture tube adjustments, etc. How does Microcontroller Works.
- 14. Microcontrollers are divided into categories according to their: Bits, Memory, Instruction Sets and Architecture. So let’s discuss types of microcontrollers:- Microcontroller Types
- 15. 8 bits microcontroller executes logic & arithmetic operations. Examples of 8 bits micro controller is Intel 8031/8051. 16 bits microcontroller executes with greater accuracy and performance in contrast to 8-bit. Example of 16 bit microcontroller is Intel 8096. 32 bits microcontroller is employed mainly in automatically controlled appliances such as office machines, implantable medical appliances, etc. It requires 32-bit instructions to carry out any logical or arithmetic function. Bits(contd.)
- 16. External Memory Microcontroller– When an embedded structure is built with a microcontroller which does not comprise of all the functioning blocks existing on a chip it is named as external memory microcontroller. Embedded Memory Microcontroller– When an embedded structure is built with a microcontroller which comprise of all the functioning blocks existing on a chip it is named as embedded memory microcontroller. Memory(contd.)
- 17. CISC- CISC means Complex Instruction Set Computer, it allows the user to apply 1 instruction as an alternative to many simple instructions. RISC- RISC means Reduced Instruction Set Computers. RISC reduces the operation time by shortening the clock cycle per instruction. Instruction Sets
- 18. Harvard Memory Architecture Microcontroller. Princeton Memory Architecture Microcontroller. Memory Architecture
- 19. The most universally employed set of microcontrollers come from the 8051 family. The original 8051 microcontroller was initially invented by Intel. The two other members of this 8051 family are- 8052– This microcontroller has 3 timers & 256 bytes of RAM. Additionally it has all the features of the traditional 8051 microcontroller. 8051 microcontroller is a subset of 8052 microcontroller. 8031– This microcontroller is ROM less, other than that it has all the features of a traditional 8051 microcontroller. For execution an external ROM of size 64K bytes can be added to its chip. 8051 microcontroller brings into play 2 different sorts of memory such as- NV-RAM, UV-EPROM and Flash. 8051 Microcontroller
- 20. Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) provided by Micro-chip Technology to categorize its solitary chip microcontrollers. These appliances have been extremely successful in 8 bit micro-controllers. PIC microcontrollers are very popular amid hobbyists and industrialists; this is only cause of wide availability, low cost, large user base & serial programming capability. PIC Microcontroller
- 21. AVR also known as Advanced Virtual RISC, is a customized Harvard architecture 8 bit RISC solitary chip micro-controller. It was invented in the year 1966 by Atmel. Harvard architecture signifies that program & data are amassed in different spaces and are used simultaneously. It was one of the foremost micro-controller families to employ on- chip flash memory basically for storing program, as contrasting to one time programmable EPROM, EEPROM or ROM, utilized by other micro-controllers at the same time. Flash memory is a non-volatile (constant on power down) programmable memory. AVR Microcontroller
- 22. ARM is the name of a company that designs micro- processors architecture. It is also engaged in licensing them to the producers who fabricate genuine chips. In actuality ARM is a 32 bit genuine RISC architecture. It was initially developed in the year 1980 by Acorn Computers Ltd. This ARM base microprocessor does not have on- board flash memory. ARM is particularly designed for micro-controller devices. ARM Microcontroller
- 23. In a nutshell, anything you want to do it: Day to Day Life Devices: Light Sensing & Controlling devices, Temperature Sensing, Fire Detection & Safety Devices. Industrial & Measurement Devices: Process Control Devices, Hand-held metering systems, even voltmeter!! Computers, Printers, Telephones, Camera, etc. or you can nowadays everywhere in digital demands. Applications
- 25. Augmented Reality Kitchen. And Many More to come.. (contd.)