Introduction to Multi-core Architectures
- 1. Introduction to Multicore Architectures V.M.Prabhakaran, AP/CSE, KIT-Coimbatore
- 2. Evolution of Core: • Intel 8086 • Intel 286 • AMD Am286 • Intel 386 • Intel i486 • AMD Am386 • Cyrix cx486 • Intel Pentium • AMD Am486 • Intel Pentium Pro • AMD K6 • Intel Pentium II and Pentium II Xeon • Intel Celeron • AMD k6-3 • Intel Pentium III and Pentium III Xeon • AMD Athlon • Intel Pentium 4 • Intel Core 2 • Intel Pentium Dual Core • Intel Core i5 • Intel Core i7
- 3. Core Working
- 4. Single Core to Multicore Architectures
- 5. Type of CPU Description Capabilities Single Core CPU Has one core to process different operations; microprocessors were single cores from the early 1970s on Word processing, checking email, surfing the Internet, watching videos Dual Core CPU Has two cores to process operations, able to process more information at the same time Flash-enabled web browsing, video and conference chatting Quad Core CPU Contains two dual core processors in one integrated circuit Voice-GPS systems, multi- player gaming, video editing
- 7. Flynn's taxonomy •Computers have single (S) or multiple (M) streams of instructions (I) and data (D) •Leading to four types of computers: • SISD • SIMD • MISD • MIMD.
- 8. SISD (Single Instruction, Single Data) • Single Instruction, Single Data (SISD) refers to an Instruction Set Architecture • Single processor (one CPU) executes exactly one instruction stream at a time • Also fetches or stores one item of data at a time to operate on data stored in a single memory unit.
- 9. SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) • SIMD architecture performs a single, identical action simultaneously on multiple data pieces. • Single control unit (CU) and more than one processing unit (PU). • For e.g. a single instruction to fetch multiple files.
- 10. MISD (Multiple Instruction Single Data) • Have multiple processors. • Each processor uses a different algorithm but uses the same shared input data. • MISD computers can analyze the same set of data using several different operations at the same time. • The number of operations depends upon the number of processors. • For e.g. fault-tolerant computers executing the same instructions redundantly in order to detect and mask errors.
- 11. MIMD(Multiple Instruction Multiple Data) • Most modern desktop/laptops are MIMD. • Each processor in a multiprocessor system can execute asynchronously different set of the instructions independently on the different set of data units. • Application : computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing, simulation, modeling, communication switches etc.