Introduction to Ruby on Rails
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This presentation introduces Ruby on Rails (RoR) to students at Università di Catania, detailing its components and structure, including MVC architecture and key principles like 'convention over configuration'. It explains the creation of a web application, using a phrasal book as a practical example, covering routing, controllers, views, and models. The document emphasizes hands-on coding and encourages project work for better understanding.
![Other rails commands
rails COMMAND [ARGS]
• generate: Generate new code
• console: Start the Rails console
• server: Start the Rails server
• dbconsole: Start a console for the database specified
in config/database.yml
• new: Create a new Rails application
!
(short-cut alias: g, c, s, db, new)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ror-unict-141218092327-conversion-gate02/85/Introduction-to-Ruby-on-Rails-13-320.jpg)
Introduction to Ruby on Rails
- 1. Agile Web Development Introduction to Ruby on Rails
- 2. About these slides I prepared this presentation to introduce Ruby on Rails to a group of students at Università di Catania. It is not enough to get a good grasp of Rails, the presentation in fact was supported by live coding, where I started created a Phrasalbook (no more blog engine please :) ) ! [email protected] http://alessandro.desi
- 3. What is Ruby on Rails ? • Ruby is a programming language. It was created 20 years ago by Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto. • Rails is a framework for building websites. David Heinemeier Hansson is its creator (DHH). He gave it the name “Ruby on Rails"
- 4. What is Ruby on Rails ? Rails combines the Ruby programming language with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to create a web application that runs on a web server. Because it runs on a web server, Rails is considered a server- side, or “back end,” web application development platform
- 5. Why Rails ? The virtue of Rails is that DHH and the core team that joined him, decided that there is one best way to implement much of the infrastructure required by a web application.
- 6. Rails Guiding Principles • there is a "Rails way": If you follow the Rails conventions, you’ll have fewer decisions to make and you’ll find more of what you need is already built. • Convention over Configuration • Don't Repeat Yourself
- 7. Do You Need to Study Ruby to Learn Rails? YES ... but you can start with little Ruby knowledge
- 8. Rails MVC pattern • it is visible in the file structure of a Rails application ! • it exists in the form of a hierarchy of Rails classes, notably ActionController (controller), ActionView (view), and ActiveRecord (model)
- 10. Let's start: rails new app_name that little command will create a huge amount of stuff!
- 11. ta-da! (structure of a Rails application)
- 12. Gemfile • Gemfile it is used by Bundler • Bundler provides a way for Ruby projects to instal the exact gems and versions that are needed • To install the gems you need, just run: bundle install
- 13. Other rails commands rails COMMAND [ARGS] • generate: Generate new code • console: Start the Rails console • server: Start the Rails server • dbconsole: Start a console for the database specified in config/database.yml • new: Create a new Rails application ! (short-cut alias: g, c, s, db, new)
- 14. rails server
- 15. Let's play with MVC We are going to: • add a route • create the controller and action associated to the route • create a model to get some data ! We need something to play with ... let's create a Phrasal book
- 16. Routing • The Rails router recognizes URLs and dispatches them to a controller's action. • The routes are in /confing/routes.rb! • There are two kind of routing: resourceful and non-resourceful
- 17. non-resourceful for example: get 'phrases' => 'phrases#index'! With this route, Rails will match an incoming path of "/phrases" to the index action of PhrasesController
- 18. Controller • controller is responsible for making sense of the request and producing the appropriate output • It makes the model data available to the view so it can display that data to the user, and it saves or updates data from the user to the model.
- 19. Controller example class PhrasesController < ApplicationController ! def index! ...! end ! end! ! Notice naming convention of controllers in Rails favors pluralization of the last word in the controller's name, although it is not strictly required.
- 20. Action View For each controller there is an associated directory in the app/views directory which holds the template files that make up the views associated with that controller controller: "Phrases" ---> views: "app/views/phrases/" directory action: "index" ---> view: "app/views/phrases/index.html.erb" !
- 21. ERB Templates Action View templates can be written in several ways. If the template file has a .erb extension then it uses a mixture of ERB (Embedded Ruby) and HTML <h1>List of the Phrases</h1> <% @phrases.each do |phrase| %> <p><%= phrase %></p> <% end %>
- 22. Model - ActiveRecord • It is the layer of the system responsible for representing business data and logic • In ActiveRecord, objects carry both persistent data and behavior which operates on that data • ActiveRecord is the ORM (Object Relational Mapping) inside Rails
- 23. How to create a model ? Do you remember the rails generator ? Let's use it: ! rails g model phrases body:string lang_code:string! ! It creates many files, the most important are: • the migration: db/migrate/20141216180923_create_phrases.rb • the model class: app/models/phrases.rb
- 24. the migration It contains the instructions to "migrate" the database:! class CreatePhrases < ActiveRecord::Migration! def change! create_table :phrases do |t|! t.string :body! t.string :code_lang! t.timestamps! end ! end! end! ! in the console issue: bundle exec rake db:migrate! to run the migration
- 25. CRUD Reading and Writing Data Create! Phrases.create body: "hello, how are you?"! Phrases.new; .save! Read! Phrase.first; .last; .all; .where! Update! phrase.body = "..."; .save! Destroy! phrase.destroy
- 26. RESTful route Adding in the route.rb: resource :phrases you get the following routes GET /phrases ---> phrases#index POST /phrases ---> phrases#create new_phrase GET /phrases/new ---> phrases#newedit_phrase GET /phrases/:id/edit ---> phrases#edit GET /phrases/:id ---> phrases#show PATCH /phrases/:id ---> phrases#update PUT /phrases/:id ---> phrases#update DELETE /phrases/:id ---> phrases#destroy tip: "bundle exec rake routes" to check the routes
- 27. I want it all - I want it now! try the scaffold generator :) Useful if you want to get a plain RESTful resource with • routes • model representing the resource • controller with CRUD actions • CRUD views • migration • tests ... and fully according to rails conventions just with: "rails generate scaffold ... "
- 28. Grazie! Let's stay in touch! Esiste il Catania Ruby User Group, potete iscrivervi e postare tutti i problemi che incontrerete. Il modo migliore per far pratica e' realizzate un vostro progetto e lavorare sulle idee che vi appassionano. ! Alessandro De Simone http://alessandro.desi