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Introduction to the Carbon based materials
- 1. NANO3112 Carbon Nanotechnology Dr. UpekaSamarakoon/ Dr. Upanith Liyanaarachchi [email protected]
- 2. What is Carbon? ●6th element of the periodic table ● Has 6 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons ● Electron configuration can be represented as 1s² 2s² 2p² ● A nonmetal and tetravalent ● The 4th most abundant element found on earth
- 3. What is Carbon? ●Melting point is 3700 0 C ● Boiling point is 4827 0 C ● Catenation is the special feature of carbon by which it can form long-chain compounds. C-C bonds are non- polar and stronger.
- 4. In nature, carbon consistsas: Graphite, Diamond, and in the combined state of the following compounds. ● As carbon dioxide and in the form of carbonates such as calcium carbonate, marble, calamine (ZnCO3) ● Fossil fuel- coal, petroleum, natural gas ● Carbonaceous nutrients- Carbohydrates, proteins, fats ● Natural fibers- cotton, wool, silk
- 5. Carbon Cycle The carboncycle is nature's way of recycling carbon atoms. Carbon is the foundation for all life on Earth.
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- 8. Too much release ofCO2 into the atmosphere can cause global warming.
- 10. Allotropes of Carbon Allotropes areelements that are chemically identical, but they differ markedly in their physical properties. In nature, pure carbon occur in two forms ● Diamond ● Graphite
- 12. Diamond Diamonds are amongnature’s most precious and beautiful creations. 1. Each carbon atom is bonded to 4 others tetrahedrally (sp3 hybridization) to form a giant covalent network or lattice, hence leading to a three-dimensional structure. 2. Most natural diamonds are formed at high temperatures and pressure at depths of 140 to 190 km in the Earth’s mantle. 3. diamond is an electrical insulator.
- 13. Diamond Cont. ● CrystalStructure: Diamond has a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure, where each carbon atom is located at the center of a tetrahedron formed by its four neighboring carbon atoms. ● Bonding: Diamond's carbon atoms are bonded together through covalent bonds, where electrons are shared between neighboring atoms. ● Hardness: Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring material on Earth. ● Refractive Index: Diamond has a high refractive index, which means it has a strong ability to bend and slow down light.
- 14. Diamond Cont. ● ThermalConductivity: Diamond exhibits excellent thermal conductivity, making it highly effective at conducting heat. ● Transparency: Diamond is transparent over a broad range of wavelengths, from ultraviolet to infrared. Scan to know the history & more details
- 15. Properties of Diamond ● Veryhigh melting point ● Doesn’t conduct electricity ● Good conductor of heat ● Very hard ● Fluorescence under UV light and X-ray ● Resistant to corrosion by acid or base ● Resistant to scratching
- 16. Synthetic Diamond ● Syntheticdiamonds are diamonds manufactured in a laboratory, as opposed to diamonds mined from the Earth. ● The majority of commercially available synthetic diamonds are yellow and are produced by so-called High-Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) processes. ● Another popular method of growing synthetic diamond is chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The growth occurs under low pressure (below atmospheric pressure).
- 17. Applications of Diamonds Diamond'sexceptional properties make it valuable for a wide range of applications across various industries. ● Jewelry ● Cutting and drilling ● Engraving ● Heat sinks ● Lase optics for optical windows
- 18. END OF THELESSON https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/nvtoe-sci-physdiam/wgbh-nova-treasures-of-the-earth-the-physics-of- sparkling-diamonds/ View more: