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Introduction to vxlan
The document provides an overview of VXLAN (Virtual Extensible Local Area Network), which allows for up to 16 million broadcast segments and enables loop-free data traffic forwarding. It explains the significance of VXLAN in alleviating VLAN limitations and facilitating load balancing without reliance on traditional spanning tree protocols. The functioning of VXLAN involves encapsulating data packets at the VXLAN Tunnel End Points (VTEPs) with specific headers to ensure proper forwarding across layer 3 underlays.
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Introduction to vxlan
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- 2. VXLAN Overview VXLANprovides large number of broadcast segments as many as 16 million segments Data-traffic will be forwarded loop free. Data-traffic using VXLAN can be load- balanced on ECMP.
- 3. VXLAN Terminologies (Asper RFC-7348) VXLAN - Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network VM - Virtual Machine VNI – Virtual Network Identifier (or VXLAN Segment ID) VTEP - VXLAN Tunnel End Point. An entity that originates and/or terminates VXLAN tunnels
- 4. Why VXLAN APhysical Server can have multiple Virtual machines with its own MAC Current VLAN limit of 4094 is inadequate, when traffic isolation is required between the group of VM’s across the Data-Center Further to avoid Loops STP blocks redundant links connected between switches, this is problem since data-center operators pay for each and every port.
- 5. Why VXLAN Contd.. Further using STP, one cannot achieve load- balancing of Data-Traffic. With current Layer2 model, all the switches in Data-center must have to learn all MAC address for proper forwarding of traffic.
- 6. How VXLAN Works VXLAN is a overlay technology, that works on Layer3 underlay A native/original Data packet will be encapsulated with VXLAN and IP header in VTEP (VXLAN tunnel end points). A VTEP is as device that supports VXLAN, they can be end hosts or Network switches/routers.
- 7. How VXLAN Workscontd… A VTEP will encapsulate a data-packet by adding number of fields as below a) Outer media access control (MAC) destination address (MAC address of the tunnel endpoint VTEP, or next Router) b) Outer MAC source address (MAC address of the tunnel source VTEP) c) Outer IP destination address (IP address of the tunnel endpoint VTEP) d) Outer IP source address (IP address of the tunnel source VTEP) e) Outer UDP header f) A VXLAN header that includes a 24-bit field—called the VXLAN network identifier (VNI)
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