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IOT BASED AUTOMATIC BREAKING CONTROL SYSTEM FOR EV VEHICLE AND MONITORING SYSTEM
1. IOT BASED AUTOMATIC BREAKING CONTROL
SYSTEM FOR EV VEHICLE AND
MONITORING SYSTEM
Presented By:
1. DHINAKARAN.K (210921105005)
2. PRITHIVIRAJAN V(210921105023)
3. VISHALANAND KUMAR S(210921105032)
2. In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant attention due to their sustainability and energy
efficiency. However, ensuring safety and real-time monitoring in EVs remains a crucial challenge. This project
proposes an IoT-Based Automatic Braking Control System for EVs integrated with a Monitoring System using
ultrasonic, temperature, and voltage sensors with the Blynk application. The system utilizes an ultrasonic sensor
to detect obstacles and automatically activate the braking system to prevent collisions. A temperature sensor
monitors the motor and battery temperature, ensuring optimal performance and preventing overheating.
Additionally, a voltage sensor continuously tracks the battery voltage, providing real-time status updates to avoid
sudden power loss. All sensor data is transmitted to the Blynk IoT platform, enabling users to monitor vehicle
status remotely via a smartphone application. The proposed system enhances EV safety, prevents accidents, and
ensures efficient battery health management. By integrating IoT-based monitoring and automatic braking, this
solution contributes to the advancement of intelligent and safe electric vehicle technology.
ABSTRACT
LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
3. Enhanced Safety and Accident Prevention – The automatic braking system detects obstacles in real time and
applies brakes instantly, reducing collision risks and improving overall road safety.
Real-Time Battery Health Monitoring – The IoT-based system continuously tracks battery parameters such as
voltage, temperature, and charge levels, ensuring optimal performance and preventing battery failures.
Remote Monitoring and Alerts – Vehicle and battery data are transmitted to a cloud-based platform, allowing
users and fleet operators to monitor system performance remotely and receive instant alerts on critical issues.
Improved Energy Efficiency – The system ensures efficient braking and battery management, optimizing power
consumption and extending the lifespan of the electric vehicle’s battery.
ADVANTAGES
LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
4. The proposed IoT-based Automatic Braking Control System for EV Vehicles and Monitoring System is designed
to enhance road safety by integrating real-time obstacle detection and autonomous braking mechanisms with IoT-
based monitoring. The system utilizes ultrasonic sensors to detect obstacles in the vehicle's path, triggering an
automatic braking response through an Arduino-controlled actuator. Additionally, the system features a smart
monitoring unit that collects and transmits vehicle battery data, and sensor readings, to a cloud-based platform via IoT
(using NodeMCU or ESP32). This enables real-time remote monitoring and alerts for potential hazards, ensuring
improved accident prevention and vehicle safety. The proposed system is particularly beneficial for electric vehicles,
enhancing their autonomous capabilities while providing a smart, data-driven approach to vehicle safety and
performance monitoring.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
5. ● Arduino 328
● Voltage sensor
● Ultrasonic sensor
● Temp sensor
● LCD
● Motor
● Buzzer
● Motor Driver
● Battery
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
7. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
Arduino UNO is a microcontroller MCU platform with several I/O Pins for analog and digital
operations as well as additional features like tiny memory storage. The Arduino UNO MCU's main
component, the ATmega328, serves as the CPU unit. A member of the Arduino line is the Arduino
UNO. One USB port on the Arduino UNO is utilized for power connections as well as uploading
programming. Power connection choices include battery and main power. The pin diagram of
Arduino configuration is displayed
LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
8. An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to measure distance or
detect objects without physical contact, by emitting sound waves and measuring the time it takes for the reflected
waves to return
The sensor emits a burst of ultrasonic sound waves (typically
above 20 kHz, which is beyond human hearing).
These waves travel through the air and are reflected back by
any object in their path.
The sensor measures the time it takes for the reflected
waves (echoes) to return.
By knowing the speed of sound in air and the time it takes
for the echo to return, the sensor calculates the distance to
the object.
The formula used for distance calculation is: Distance =
(Speed of sound) * (Time/2
WORKING
o Transducer: This is the part of the sensor that both transmits and receives the
ultrasonic waves.
o Transmitter: Generates the ultrasonic sound waves.
o Receiver: Detects the reflected sound waves.
HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor
LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
9. The DS18B20 temperature sensor is a one-wire digital temperature sensor. This means that it just
requires one data line (and GND) to communicate with the Arduino.
It can be powered by an external power supply or it can derive power from the data line (called “parasite
mode”), which eliminates the need for an external power supply.
Each DS18B20 temperature sensor has a unique 64-bit
serial code. This allows you to wire multiple sensors to the
same data wire. So, you can get temperature from multiple
sensors using just one Arduino digital pin.
DS18B20 Temperature Sensor
•Communicates over one-wire bus communication
•Power supply range: 3.0V to 5.5V
•Operating temperature range: -55ºC to +125ºC
•Accuracy +/-0.5 ºC (between the range -10ºC to 85ºC)
LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
10. The ESP8266 is a low-cost, versatile Wi-Fi microcontroller chip used for connecting devices to a Wi-Fi network, enabling
applications like IoT projects, smart home devices, and remote monitoring.
ESP8266
The Node MCU is an open-sourced program and hardware development environment based on the ESP8266, a
relatively inexpensive System-on-a-Chip (SoC). A WLAN 802.11 b/g/n antenna, a 32-bit microcontroller unit, a 10
bit analog to digital converter, a TR switch, a power amplifier, a matching network PLL, regulators, and power
management components are all included into the device. In various operating modes, Wi-Fi technology uses the
2.4 GHz band to improve WLAN performance.
LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
11. A Voltage sensors can measure the voltage in various ways, from measuring high voltages to
detecting low current levels. These devices are essential for many applications, including
industrial controls and power systems.
Voltage sensors
Voltage Sensor. The resistive voltage divider circuit serves as
the foundation for the voltage sensor module, a 0–25 DC
voltage detecting device. After being shrunk by a factor of 5, it
generates an analog output voltage that is equivalent to the
input voltage signal. A simple but incredibly useful item called
the Voltage Sensor Chip multiplies an input voltage by five
using a potential divide
LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
12. The L298N chip contains two standard H-bridges
capable of driving a pair of DC motors, making it
ideal for building a two-wheeled robotic platform.
The L298N motor driver has a supply range of 5V
to 35V and is capable of 2A continuous current per
channel, so it works very well with most of our DC
motors
The L298N module has 11 pins that allow it to
communicate with the outside world. The pinout is
as follows:
L298N Motor Driver
LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
13. BUZZER
• A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device,
which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or
piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of
buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers,
and confirmation of user input such as a mouse
click or keystroke.
LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
14. Obstacle Detection & Braking:
The ultrasonic sensor continuously scans for obstacles.
If an object is detected within a predefined distance, the Arduino triggers the braking system via the motor driver,
stopping the vehicle automatically.
Battery Monitoring:
The voltage and temperature sensors measure battery health parameters.
The ESP8266 transmits this data to the Blynk app, enabling remote monitoring.
IoT-Based Alerts:
If the battery temperature exceeds a threshold or voltage drops too low, alerts are sent to the user’s smartphone via Blynk
or MQTT.
Logs of braking events and battery status are stored on a cloud database for analysis.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
15. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
ARDUINO IDE – 1.8.5
• Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards
are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an
output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online.
• You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do
so you use the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on
Processing.
LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
16. EMBEDDED C:
• Embedded c is a set of language extension for the C Programming language by the C Standards committee to
address commonality issues that exist between C extensions for different embedded systems. Historically
embedded C programming requires nonstandard extensions to the C language in order to support exotic
features such as fixed-point arithmetic, multiple distinct memory banks, and basic I/O operations.
• Embedded C uses most of the syntax and semantics of standard C, e.g., main() function, variable definition,
data type declaration, conditional statements(if, switch, case),loops(while, for),functions, arrays and strings,
structures and union, bit operations, macros, etc.
LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
17. An IoT platform manages the connectivity of the devices and allows developers to build new mobile software
applications. It facilitates the collection of data from devices and enables business transformation. It connects
different components, ensuring an uninterrupted flow of communication between the devices.
To use Blynk for IoT, you'll need to create a Blynk
account, choose a supported hardware platform (like
ESP32 or Arduino), install the Blynk library, and then
write code to connect your device to Blynk's cloud
platform to control and monitor it remotely via the
Blynk app.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of connected devices that can exchange data with other
devices and systems over the internet. IoT devices can include household objects, industrial tools,
and even parts of the human body.
Blynk for IoT
LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
18. Road traffic accidents claim a significant number of precious lives every day. The most frequent causes are
driving errors and slow emergency service response. Any vehicle’s braking system is always a crucial
component.
A difficulty or perhaps an accident might be brought on by faulty or late braking. Most accidents occur
because the driver doesn’t apply the brake quickly enough.
This Project proposes an IOT-based automated breaking control system for EV vehicles and a monitoring
system that applies the brake depending on the speed of the bike and any detected obstacles.
An electric vehicle’s battery monitoring and control system measures the battery’s voltage and
temperature. Sensors, a microprocessor, a Wi-Fi module, and a battery make up this system.
The design is built using the cost-effective microcontroller (Arduino UNO).
It is an automatic braking system consists of Ultrasonic sensor. The barrier is discovered using the
ultrasonic sensor, which sends it to the Arduino board, which receives the signals and controls the braking
system. Data on voltage and temperature are sent to the microcontroller, and the battery data is
subsequently sent over Wi-Fi to the Blynk application.
The observation is done immediately by utilizing a Blynk app to monitor the metrics of the vehicle.
objective
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19. 1.Jiaming Shen; Laili Wang; Jialei Zhang, Year: 2021, “Integrated Scheduling Strategy for Private Electric Vehicles and
Electric Taxis”, in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Vol: 17, no: 3, pp. 1637 – 1647.
2. Guodong Du; Yuan Zou; Xudong Zhang; Lingxiong Guo; Ningyuan Guo, Year: 2021, “Heuristic Energy Management
Strategy of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning With Accelerated Gradient Optimization”, in
IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, Vol: 7, no: 4, pp. 2194 – 2208.
3. Daliang Shen; Dominik Karbowski; Aymeric Rousseau, Year: 2020, “A Minimum Principle-Based Algorithm for
Energy-Efficient Eco-Driving of Electric Vehicles in Various Traffic and Road Conditions”, in IEEE Transactions on
Intelligent Vehicles, Vol: 5, no: 4, pp. 725 – 737.
4. Lei Zhang; Yachao Wang; Zhenpo Wang, Year: 2019, “Robust Lateral Motion Control for In-Wheel Motor-Drive
Electric Vehicles With Network Induced Delays”, in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol: 68, no: 11, pp.
10585 – 10593.
5. Wenliang Zhang; Zhenpo Wang; Lars Drugge; Mikael Nybacka, Year: 2020, “Evaluating Model Predictive Path
Following and Yaw Stability Controllers for Over-Actuated Autonomous ElectricVehicles”, in IEEE Transactions on
Vehicular Technology, Vol: 69, no: 11, pp. 12807 – 12821.
6. Christoforos Chatzikomis; Aldo Sorniotti; Patrick Gruber; Mattia Zanchetta; Dan Willans; Bryn Balcombe, Year: 2018,
“Comparison of Path Tracking and Torque-Vectoring Controllers for Autonomous Electric Vehicles”, in IEEE Transactions
on Intelligent Vehicles, Vol: 3, no: 4, pp. 559 – 570.
references
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