IOT beginnners
- 1. IOT writing IoT firmware, software, and OS’s for IoT devices. There’s 3 distinct parts to any legitimate IoT product Wanted to master it 1. Software 2. Hardware 3. Network
- 2. First, buy an arduino • Some cool sensors/lights/led screens or whatever floats your boat. • It’s not about building cool stuff, it’s about learning (both are possible at the same time!). • If familiar move on to TI sensor tag
- 3. Network part • Most important part. • The more efficient your data transfers are from device to device to server to device and everything in between, the smaller and faster your device can be.
- 4. Concepts to master: • IoT is the convergence of like everything in tech. To master IoT, you basically need to master computers. Is that possible? • Operating Systems/Firmware • Printed Circuit Board Design • Cloud/IoT Network Architecture • C/C++ • Pretty much everything full-stack related. Backend programming, mobile programming, machine learning/AI, big data/analysis, cloud computing.
- 5. EMBEDDED SYSTEM (Hardware + Software)
- 6. Program development process in embedded system
- 7. Super-loop Approach • while(1) { } • for(;;)
- 9. What is an Arduino? Features • 14 Digital I/O pins • 6 Analogue inputs • 6 PWM pins • USB serial • 16MHz Clock speed • 32KB Flash memory • 2KB SRAM • 1KB EEPROM
- 10. Getting Started • Check out: http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage 1. Download & install the Arduino environment (IDE) (if needed) 2. Connect the board to your computer via the USB cable 3. If needed, install the drivers (if needed) 4. Launch the Arduino IDE 5. Select your board 6. Select your serial port 7. Open the blink example 8. Upload the program
- 11. The Arduino IDE The main features you need to know about are: • Code area: This is where you will type all your code • Info panel: This will show any errors during compiling or uploading code to your Arduino • Verify: This allows you to compile your code to code the Arduino understands. Any mistakes you have made in the syntax of your code will be show in the info panel • Upload: This does the same as verify but will then send your code to your Arduino if the code is verified successfully • Serial Monitor: This will open a window that allows you to send text to and from an Arduino. We will use this feature in later lectures.
- 12. Before we begin coding
- 13. Structure of an Arduino “sketch” //pins can be thought of as global variables void setup() { // put your setup code here, to run once: } void loop() // equivalent to while(1) { } { // put your main code here, to run repeatedly: }
- 14. • setup : It is called only when the Arduino is powered on or reset. It is used to initialize variables and pin modes • loop : The loop functions runs continuously till the device is powered off. The main logic of the code goes here. Similar to while (1) for micro-controller programming. Minimum code
- 15. • A pin on arduino can be set as input or output by using pinMode function. • pinMode(13, OUTPUT); // sets pin 13 as output pin • pinMode(13, INPUT); // sets pin 13 as input pin PinMode
- 16. • digitalWrite(13, LOW); // Makes the output voltage on pin 13 , 0V • digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // Makes the output voltage on pin 13 , 5V • int buttonState = digitalRead(2); // reads the value of pin 2 in buttonState Reading/writing digital values
- 17. • What is analog ? • It is continuous range of voltage values (not just 0 or 5V) • Why convert to digital ? • Because our microcontroller only understands digital. Analog to Digital Conversion
- 18. ADC in Arduino Uno
- 19. Converting Analog Value to Digital
- 20. • The Arduino Uno board contains 6 pins for ADC • 10-bit analog to digital converter • This means that it will map input voltages between 0 and 5 volts into integer values between 0 and 1023 ADC in Arduino
- 21. • analogRead(A0); // used to read the analog value from the pin A0 • analogWrite(2,128);//Used to create 50% duty cycle Reading/Writing Analog Values
- 23. Input/Output Image from Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces at UC Berkley
- 25. Serial Communication • Compiling turns your program into binary data (ones and zeros) • Uploading sends the bits through USB cable to the Arduino • The two LEDs near the USB connector blink when data is transmitted • RX blinks when the Arduino is receiving data • TX blinks when the Arduino is transmitting data
- 26. Some Commands • Serial.begin() - e.g., Serial.begin(9600) • Serial.print() or Serial.println() - e.g., Serial.print(value)
- 27. // These constants won't change. They're used to give names to the pins used: const int analogInPin = A0; // Analog input pin that the potentiometer is attached to const int analogOutPin = 9; // Analog output pin that the LED is attached to int sensorValue = 0; // value read from the pot int outputValue = 0; // value output to the PWM (analog out) void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); // initialize serial communications at 9600 bps: } void loop() { sensorValue = analogRead(analogInPin); // read the analog in value: outputValue = map(sensorValue, 0, 1023, 0, 255); // map it to the range of the analog out: analogWrite(analogOutPin, outputValue); // change the analog out value: Serial.print("sensor = " ); // print the results to the serial monitor: Serial.print(sensorValue); Serial.print("t output = "); Serial.println(outputValue); // delay(2000); // wait 2 seconds before the next loop for the analog-to-digital converter to settle after the last reading: } ADC Example
- 28. PIR Sensor Interfacing • used for motion detection • detect the Infrared waves emitting from a particular object • human or animal body emits heat energy in a form of infrared radiation • made of pyro-electric materials • when this material is exposed to heat then, it generates energy
- 29. PIR Sensor Interfacing • consists a specially designed cover named Fresnel lens, which focuses the infrared signals onto the pyroelectric sensor.
- 31. PIR Sensor Interfacing int sensor=7; //The output of PIR sensor connected to pin 7 int sensor_value; //variable to hold read sensor value void setup() { pinMode(sensor,INPUT); // configuring pin 7 as Input Serial.begin(9600); // To show output value of sensor in serial monitor } void loop() { sensor_value=digitalRead(sensor); // Reading sensor value from pin 7 Serial.println(sensor_value); // Printing output to serial monitor delay(500); }
- 33. Cloud Platforms for Internet of Things (IoT) • Thingworx 8 IoT Platform
- 34. Cloud Platforms for Internet of Things (IoT) • Microsoft Azure IoT Suite
- 35. Cloud Platforms for Internet of Things (IoT) • Google Cloud’s IoT Platform • Pricing on Google Cloud is done on a per- minute basis, which is cheaper than other platforms.
- 36. Cloud Platforms for Internet of Things (IoT) • IBM Watson IoT Platform
- 37. Cloud Platforms for Internet of Things (IoT) • AWS IoT Platform • Amazon made it much easier for developers to collect data from sensors and Internet- connected devices. They help you collect and send data to the cloud and analyze that information to provide the ability to manage devices.
- 38. IoT protocols • Divided in terms of the role they play within the network. • Communications (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth), • Data transmission (MQTT, CoAP, XMPP), • Security (DTLS), and • Device management as well as telemetry
- 39. MQTT • Message Queuing Telemetry Transport • Lightweight messaging protocol that was developed by IBM and first released in 1999. • It uses the pub/sub pattern and translates messages between devices, servers, and applications.
- 40. CoAP • Which easily translates to HTTP for integration with the existing Web • Specialized web transfer protocol for use with constrained nodes and constrained networks in the Internet of Things. • CoAP is designed to enable simple, constrained devices to join the IoT even through constrained networks with low bandwidth and low availability. The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a specialized web transfer protocol for use with constrained nodes and constrained (e.g., low-power, lossy) networks. • The nodes often have 8-bit microcontrollers with small amounts of ROM and RAM, while constrained networks such as IPv6 over Low- Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs) often have high packet error rates and a typical throughput of 10s of kbit/s. • The protocol is designed for machine- to-machine (M2M) applications such as smart energy and building automation.