IRJET- A Review of the Automobile Industries Waste Water Treatment Methodologies

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 974
A REVIEW OF THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRIES WASTE WATER
TREATMENT METHODOLOGIES
Ravindra Chigare1,Siddhartha Kamat2,Jaykumar Patil3
1Mr.R.S.Chigare Assistant Professor in chemistry at D.K.T.E. TEI, Ichalkaranji-416115 India
2Dr.S.R.Kamat Assistant Professor in chemistry at D.K.T.E. TEI, Ichalkaranji-416115 India
3Dr.J.M.Patil Associate professor in chemistry at D.K.T.E.TEI, Ichalkaranji-416115 India
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Abstract:- Nowadays many water resources are polluted by
waste water from chemical industry, pharmaceutical
industry, automobile industry, textile industry, sugar
industry, paper, beverage industry including household and
agricultural waste and fertilizers used. It is very necessary
fact that human should treat the effluent properly before
sending in river. Automobile industry represents a many of
industries in operation and processes as diverse as its
product. Hence effluents comingfromAutomobileindustries
vary from industry to industry. Thus, it is almost impossible
to describe a typical Automobile effluent because of such
diversity. Considering the above stated implications an
attempt has been made in the present projecttoevaluate the
efficiency of ETP. Automobile industry waste water contain
oil and grease , high TDS, non- constant PH ,High TSS Paint
impurities, Coolant,sulphate,phosphate paint ,high Chloride
concentration Turbid and pungent smell water. The
automobile industry effluents which are discharged are
treated with various physical and chemical treatments such
as coagulation, flocculation, ozonation, PH correction,
sedimentation and biological treatment for the removal of
nitrogen, phosphorous, organics and metal traces. Although
many research papers have been reported on wastewater
pollution control studies, but a very few research work is
carried out for treatment of wastewater of automobile
industries, especially in reference to development of design
of industrial effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) system.
Another beneficial aspect of this research work will be
recycling, reuse of water and sludge from automobile
industry. Bajaj Auto Ltd is one of the leading industry in
Aurangabad which Recycle and Reuse water with zero
chemical and polluted water discharge.
Key Words: Effluent, Automobile, Treatment, Technology
R.O.Plant, Bioreactors, Activated sludge
INTRODUCTION
Water is the main constituent which is used in all type of the
Industries and Domestic purposes. Water is used for
different processes in the industries. It may be used for
painting, Dying, cooling, washing, dilution, formation and
condensing the steam. But all water used in the different
industry is not totally consumed. Here Bajaj Auto Limited
Aurangabad branch is using water from Jayakwadi Dam.
Generally, almost all the industries generate waste water
that needs attention. Water use in industry is a double-
edged sword. On one hand it puts immensepressureonlocal
water resources. On the other, wastewater discharged from
the industry pollutes the local environment. Water is
required, often in large volumes, by industries as process
inputs in most industries. In other cases, like food and
beverage and chloro-alkali industry, water is used as a raw
material: turned into a manufactured product and exported
out of the local water system. However, in most industries it
is essentially used as input and mass and heat transfer
media. In these industries a very small fraction of water is
actually consumed and lost. Most of the water is actually
meant for non-consumptive process uses and is ultimately
discharged as Effluent. Sources ofwaterforindustryisRiver,
dam lakes etc Nowadays river water is becoming polluted
due to waste water discharge by industries and their
carelessness and weak environmental laws and regulations.
Bajaj Auto has played a very important role in environment
field. There is no water pollution, soil pollution, noise
pollution. There are three big water reservoirs to reduce
load on dam water.
Steps involved in process of treatment
The waste water is the primary and the most polluting
component of the Automobile industry’s effluent. The
conventional techniquesadoptedtotreatthe wastewater are
physical, chemical and biological methods. 1. Physical –
Sedimentation (Clarification), screening,aeration,Filtration,
Flotation and skimming, degasification, Equalization.
2. Chemical – Chlorination, Ozonation, Neutralization,
Coagulation, Adsorption, Ion exchange
3. Biological a. Aerobic – Activated sludge treatment
methods, Trickling filtration, oxidation, ponds, lagoons,
aerobic digestion b. Anaerobic – Anaerobic digestion, septic
tanks, Lagoons The treatment process can be sequenced as
below:
I. Primary treatment – Removal of suspended solids, oil,grit
etc.
II. Secondary treatment – Use of microorganisms in either
aerobic or anaerobic condition for the reduction of the BOD,
removal of color, oil and phenol.

III. Tertiary treatment – Use of electro dialysis, ion exchange
and reverse osmosis for the final removal and purification of
the wastewater
The Automobile industry effluents which are dischargedare
treated with various physical and chemical treatments such
as coagulation, flocculation, ozonation and biological
treatment for the removal of nitrogen, phosphorous,
organics and metal traces. The disadvantages of the physic –
chemical processes are the formation of sludge, disposal of
sludge and the space needed. The disadvantages of the
biological processes are the presence of the toxic heavy
metals which hamper thegrowthofmicroorganisms,most of
the dye stuff used are no biodegradable in nature and the
time requirement for the treatment is more. Automobile
industry effluent contains chlorides, Paint impurities which
are used to give paint on two wheeler and three wheeler
parts by robots, Mineral oil from Coolant impuritieswhich is
used in machine shop. If coolant discharged in water it
enhances COD of effluent. Automobile industry consist two
treatment plants one ETP and other CTP.As compared with
other industries parameters of automobile effluent is low
and somewhat less organic and inorganic load is there.
Recently Pollution control board is very strict about the ETP
outlet water parameters. Health of environment is very
important for better health of human beings. In past most of
industries were sending their effluent withouttreatment but
now it is not possible. Every industry is treating water
carefully. Bajaj Auto is a leading company which is
investing lot money to treat water without discharging a
single liter effluent outside.
Necessity of ETP –
• To clean industry effluent and recycle it for further
use.
• To reduce the usage of fresh/potable water in
Industries.
• To cut expenditure on water procurement.
• To meet the Standards for emission or discharge of
environmental pollutants from various Industries
set by the Government and avoid hefty penalties.
• To safeguard environment against pollution and
contribute in sustainable development.
Flow chart of ETP in Automobile Industry.
ETP Plant Operation-
1) Screen chamber: Remove relatively large solids,
plastic bags, and bottles to avoid abrasion of
mechanical equipment’s and clogging of hydraulic
system.
2) Sedimentation Tank: This a large capacity Zigzag
tank.In this tanks water is allowed to run slowly in
zigzag direction so whatever the suspended matter of
paint is present it will settle down and supernatant
water will flow ahead which is less turbid than earlier.
3) Collection tank: The collection tank collects the
effluent water from the sedimentation tank, stores and
then pumps it to the equalization tank.
4) Equalization tank: The effluents have fluctuate
concentrations at all the time; the pH will vary time to
time. Effluents are stored in the equalization tank
resulting in a homogenous mixing of effluents and
helping in neutralization. Automobile industryEffluent
has acidic PH sometimes alkaline. Lime is used to
neutralized acidic PH .Mostly Lime is used because it is
cheap than caustic soda . Continuous mixing also
eliminates settling of solids within the equalization
tank. Reduces SS, TSS.
5) Flash mixer: Coagulants were added to the effluents:
Lime: (800-1000 ppm) To correct the pH upto 8-9
6) Flocculation Tank
In the clarriflocculator the water is circulated
continuously by adding polymer and stirred
continuously. Overflowed water is taken out to the
aeration tank. The solid particles and dissolved paint it
will stick to polymer and it float on water and collected

separately and dried; this reduces SS,TSS. Flocculation
provides slow mixing that leads to the formation of
macro flocs, which then float out on the clarifier zone
and turbid water is converted into clear water. The
flock’s i.e. primary sludge is sent into lamella clarifier.
7) Lamella clarifier
In this clarifier flocks are allowed to trap into screen
bars and it is sent to sludge beds for drying.clear water
passed to secondary tanks.
8) Secondary treatment
In this tank water will be free from turbidity having
higher alkaline PH. Alkaline PH isneutralized bydosing
dilute sulphuric acids. Nowadays hydrochloric acid is
not used for neutralization.
9) Biological treatment
Neutralized water is allowed to pass into Bioreactors.
Bioreactor tank contains Mycobacteria populations in
large quantity. Which convert organic and inorganic
chemicals into carbon dioxide and water in presenceof
Oxygen. All COD and BOD load is reduced in this tank.
Bioreactors are the backbone of ETP.
10) Clarifier
The overflow water which is treated isallowed tocome
in bottom of clarifier. Along withwaterfrom bioreactor
some population of bacteria will come in clarifier .That
bacteria sludge is recirculated in Bioreactors again to
maintain constant population. If sludge will increasein
bioreactor tanks it can be taken to sludge bed for few
minutes based on MLSS and Sludge Volume Index.
11) Post Aerator
The overflow water from clarifier is passed into post
aerator .Here Dissolved oxygen level oftreatedwateris
increased at normal level. This water has normal range
of PH, TDS, TSS, COD, BOD, Oil and Grease, phosphate,
chlorides .all parameters are within Pollution control
board.
Automobile industries have set up online PH meter on every
tank like inlet, outlet tanks. There are online TDS, TSS, COD,
BOD meters which record the parameters correctly and
display on monitor of manager’s computer. So need of
chemist is very less for analysis .All instruments are
calibrated monthly for more accuracy.
3. CONCLUSIONS
Automobile effluentinletwaterparameters arenottoomuch
serious as compared to pharmaceutical, textile, sugar and
chemical Industries. Treatment is easy. Field supervisorand
chemists role is very important in the proper treatment.
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