IRJET- Advanced Guiding Tool for the Selection of Crops

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2438
ADVANCED GUIDING TOOL FOR THE SELECTION OF CROPS
#1T.Shanmuga Priya, #2K.Sherin Banu, #3J.Sonaa, #4P.Bini Palas
#1,2,3 B.E -ECE Department, Easwari Engineering College
#4 Assistant Professor, ECE Department, Easwari Engineering College
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Agriculture monitoring system and selection of
crops has been facilitated by the recent developments in
information technologies. Agriculture plays an important
role in improving the economy and the employment
opportunities in India. Mostly farmers face difficulties in the
selection of crops. This can be overcome by using precision
agriculture techniques that uses research data of soil
characteristics, soil types, crop yield data collection and
gives farmer the best suggestion in selecting the crops.
Keyword -DHT11 sensor, Moisture sensor, Node
MCU,ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module, Motor driver,
IoT(Internet of Things), DC fan, Cloud(Thingspeak)
1. INTRODUCTION
The world is witnessing fluctuations in terms of
agricultural and farming land, this increases the demand of
formatting agricultural cooperatives that ensure high
supply of agricultural goods. India has been one of the
most productive countries when it comes to agricultural
products India. Rural India has shown a significance and
steady increase in farming development to produce
comparatively higher amount to meet the demand of rising
nation. Precision agriculture (PA), satellite farming or site
specific crop management (SSCM) is a farming
management concept based on observing, measuring and
responding to inter and intra-field variability in crops. The
goal of precision agriculture research is to define a
Decision Support System (DSS) for whole farm
management with the goal of optimizing returns on inputs
while preserving resources. The most advantage of
modern engineering techniques is to facilitate the
agriculture by the good use of soil, climate and biological
potential of fields to provide favorable condition for the
plant to grow so as to increase the yield in specific region.
The initial step of this method is monitoring the farming
environment periodically. There are many agriculture
monitoring system which includes data acquisition,
transmission and managing the data. Sensors are used for
providing data acquisition. There are separate sensors
used for monitoring the moisture, temperature and other
environmental conditions and the data are sent to the
users through wireless data communication. Remote
sensors are used to self-organize and to send data stably
and periodically to the control centre. These monitoring
systems are mostly based on bus via cables. Through these
parameters in several periods, they found that the plant
growth was mainly depend on the change of climate in the
farmland. The main aim of this work is to introduce the
wireless sensor network in agriculture.
2. HARDWARE DESIGN OF SENSOR NODE
The hardware design of sensor nodes plays an important
role in the wireless sensor networks. The sensor node
mainly comprises of four parts such as sensor node
module, Processing module, wireless communication
module and the power module. The sensor module collects
data regarding the temperature, humidity, light intensity
and other parameters. The processor module mainly
comprises of operations that controls ,stores and
processes the collected data. Through this data we can
receive the wireless applications on agriculture.
The wireless sensor network comprises of temperature
sensors ,moisture sensors and humidity sensors which
monitors the plant growth periodically and sends data to
the process module which in turn stores, processes the
acquired data .These data are in turn stored over the cloud
which can be accessed by the user by using the wireless
communication devices such as laptops, mobile phones
etc.,

This block diagram show us the detailed description of
data acquisition and storage. The main components used
here are Node MCU microcontroller unit to which the
moisture sensors ,temperature sensors are connected. The
microcontroller unit is already programmed using
c,c++,python language.
Microcontrollers perform the main task in the sensor
nodes i.e. processing the data and controlling the functions
of the other components. These are some of the controllers
using as Digital Signal Processors, Field Programmable
Gate Array and applications. So microcontrollers are more
suitable for sensor nodes. The best choice for embedded
systems is to use microcontrollers because of the services
providing by them. A sensor is a device that detects and
responds to some type of input from the physical
environment. The specific input could be light, heat,
motion, moisture, pressure, or any one of a great number
of other environmental phenomena. The output of the
sensing unit is sent to the computing unit. The computing
unit comprises of analog to digital converter, processor,
memory and protocols which aids in processing the data.
These data can be accessed by the farmer anytime by using
the wireless communication devices such as mobile phone,
laptops, etc.,
3. RELATED WORKS
Agriculture monitoring system is mainly based on wireless
sensor network which are driven by different applications
and background operations.
In this agriculture monitoring system the sensor nodes
connected to the microcontroller unit. These sensor
network are used to sense the environmental conditions.
This agricultural monitoring server system collects
information about soil and other environmental
parameters on the outdoors through WSN-based
environmental and soil sensors, collects image information
through CCTVs, and collects location information using
GPS modules. This received information is processed and
the database is prepared through the agricultural
environment monitoring server consisting of a sensor
manager, to collect information from the WSN sensors, an
image information manager to manage image information
collected from CCTVs, and a GPS manager, which processes
location information of the agricultural environment
monitoring system . To this agriculture monitoring system,
a solar cell-based power supply is added for the server
system to use in agricultural environments with
insufficient power condition. This agricultural monitoring
server system also monitor the environmental information
on the outdoors periodically, which aids in increasing crop
yields and improving quality in the agricultural field by
supporting the decision making of crop producers through
analysis of the collected information.

To find the accurate parameters across the farmland intel
has undergone new project to measure temperature with
dense deployment of 65 sensors in the farmland. Both
work implemented the suggested and fixed routings to the
network on specific farmland. In this monitoring technique
they used Bluetooth which is one of the most robustness
wireless communication for short range purpose. This
system suggested a Bluetooth RS-232 serial adaptor with
communication range of 1200m.In this method five infield
sensing transmitters sends the data to the base station for
a distance of 700m Bluetooth technologies. In this the
sensor nodes are interconnected via IEEE802.15.4.It
consists of Gateway motes which is about 5.2 and 8.7 km
from the central station. The gateway mote communicate
with the mobile networks and remote centers can route
the gateway mote with protocols such as TCP/IP protocol.
The previous monitoring system inspire us to do
agriculture based on WSNs.
In this monitoring system the sensor nodes which are
connected to the microcontroller unit is already
programmed which consists of the reference values. When
these recorded data exceeds the reference value the
external set up is driven automatically which brings the
data to normal value. By using this technique we can
monitor the agriculture system automatically without any
labors. The external setup includes the water pump ,fan
,etc., to bring the temperature and moisture level to the
normal value when they exceeds the given reference value.
This system has the main disadvantage that the data get
through sensing are not stored over the cloud for the
future reference which aids in the selection of crops. Thus
it can only monitor the plant growth but do not aid in the
selection of crops.
4. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The ecological and geographical data are more important
for the selection of crops. To track these data ,sensors are
connected to the Node MCU .The MCU unit is already
programmed which consists of data sheet to compare with
the sensed values. This system is an enhancement of
agriculture monitoring system which performs both
monitoring and data acquisition. The monitoring system
monitors the plant growth periodically and the external
set up is driven which brings the recorded data to the
normal value. In addition to this it pushes the recorded
value over the cloud from which the data can be retrieved
anytime using wireless devices such as mobile
phone,laptop,etc.,These data contains the information at
the periodic intervals. From these value we can get the
data for the favorable condition for the plant to grow.
The external set up consists of motor driver which in turn
drive the motor and the dc fan with reference to the
normal value. The precision agriculture technologies are
beyond the reach of most smallholder farmers, but several
technological innovations have created scope for providing
tailored information to farmers . New measurement
technologies that enable better learning about the
agriculture to the farmers. Today’s world is a place of
uneven development, unsustainable use of natural
resources, worsening impact of climate change, and
continued poverty and malnutrition. Poor food quality and
diets are partly responsible for the increase of chronic
source of causing damages to the organ system. diseases
like obesity and heart disease. Agriculture is closely linked
to these concerns, including the loss of biodiversity, global
warming and water availability. So we are in need to
practice agriculture without using any pesticides and
fertilizers which are the main source of causing disease to
the organ system.
This makes the agricultural practices easy and also avoid
damages to the crops. The main aim of this system is to
enhance the organic farming. By using this method we can
grow the crops without using any pesticides. This is
because we tend to use pesticides only when there is any
fungal growth. By properly monitoring the water level
,temperature we can avoid any fungal or bacterial growth
in the plant. Through this system we can assure the quality
of plant growth in an organic manner. This is suitable for

any kind of crops. Through this we can do farming even in
a small area without any loss. The main motto of this
system is to provide the favorable condition for the plant
growth in a natural way. By using this method we can
bring back our traditional agriculture strategy in a modern
way. It also assist the person who is new to farming by
providing information about the suitable plant for the
present environmental conditions. By knowing these
details we can also artificially create the best environment
for the plant growth. PAD is a non-profit organization with
a mission to support smallholder farmers in developing
countries by providing customized information and
services that increase productivity, profitability, and
environmental sustainability. It is an ecofriendly system
which avoids the usage of pesticides and insecticides. By
following this method we can avoid damages to crop by
planting the suitable crop according to the climatic
conditions ,temperature and moisture level. We have
different sensors to detect the environmental parameters.
The digital humidity and temperature sensor and moisture
sensors are present which give information about the
environmental conditions periodically. In today’s world to
meet the increasing demand in the food industry the
farmers tend to use more pesticides to make the plant
growth fast and to increase the yield. This method is to
enhance the plant growth in natural way.
5. DHT 11 SENSOR
DHT11 is a Humidity and Temperature Sensor, which
generates calibrated digital output. DHT11 can be interface
with any microcontroller like Arduino, Raspberry Pi, etc.
and get instantaneous results. DHT11 is a low cost
humidity and temperature sensor which provides high
reliability and long term stability. By connecting the
DHT11 sensor to the plant we can get the information
about the plant’s humidity and the temperature
conditions.
Power supply: DC 3.5～5.5V. Supply Current:
measurement 0.3mA standby 60µ A. Sampling period:
more than 2 seconds.
Pin Description. 1, the VDD power supply 3.5～5.5V DC. 2
DATA serial data, a single bus. 3, NC, empty pin. 4, GND
ground, the negative .Thus it can be connected to the
microcontroller unit.The MCU is already programmed
which contains the reference value of the humidity.
6. MOISTURE SENSOR
Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water
content indirectly by using some other property of the soil,
such as electrical resistance, dielectric constant, or
interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for the moisture
content. The relation between the measured property and
soil moisture must be calibrated and may vary depending
on environmental factors such as soil type, temperature, or
electric conductivity. Reflected microwave radiation is
affected by the soil moisture and is used for remote
sensing in hydrology and agriculture. Portable probe
instruments can be used by farmers or gardeners. This
moisture sensor in turn is connected with the
microcontroller unit which consists of reference values. By
comparing these data with the reference value the external
water motor is driven so as to increase or lower the
moisture level.

7. NODE MCU
NodeMCU is an open source IoT platform. It includes
firmware which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from
Espressif Systems, and hardware which is based on the
ESP-12 module. The term "NodeMCU" by default refers to
the firmware rather than the development kit. The
firmware uses the Lua scripting language. This is the
processing unit which processes and analyses the received
data and pushes it into the cloud. The microcontroller unit
is programmed internally from which the collected data
are pushed into the cloud which can be accessed anytime
for the future reference.
It is a development kit which has vast applications. In
agriculture monitoring and data acquisition system the
Node MCU is used for processing the data.
SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENT
The parametric condition which are detected by the
sensors connected to the Node MCU unit is already
programmed using the c,c++ or python language. The
collected data are in turn pushed into the cloud which can
be accessed anytime using wireless devices such as mobile
phone. Thus the favourable condition for the plant growth
can be known to the farmers in prior to planting which
increases the yield and prevents any damage to the crops.
CONCLUSION
In contrary to conventional agriculture monitoring system
which only depends on the analog monitoring machines,
our proposed system is implemented not only to monitor
the environmental condition wirelessly but also to access
data anytime by pushing the collected data over the cloud
which aids in the selection of crops. This method is to
increase the agricultural productivity without using any
fertilizers or pesticides. This method is very useful in
providing data to the farmers and also plays an important
role in organic farming. Detection of moisture level helps
in avoiding the use of pesticides. This is because when
there is a variation in the moisture from the normal value
then it creates a suitable condition for the fungal or the
bacterial growth. So, by monitoring the plant growth
periodically if there is any variation in the data we can
drive the external set up to bring the value to the normal
level. Thus through this method we can enhance the
organic farming.
Data acquisition is the main advantage of this proposed
system. This is because it enables the farmers to get
information about the plant growth under the particular
environmental condition in prior which helps in increasing
the yield and provide us healthy fruits and vegetables
without any pesticides or fertilizers. It also helps the
person to do farming who is new to agriculture. This
system is a guide to agriculture which promotes organic
farming. In today’s world everything which we eat that
includes fruits ,vegetables contains chemicals in form of
pesticides. This increases the disease rate to higher level.
In olden days they followed traditional agriculture
methods, that is it takes long time to grow the crops. In
order to meet the rising demands today we use chemicals
to enhance the plant growth. The crop which takes about 6
months to grow can be now grown at 3 months by using
different chemicals. Because of this we easily get affected
by diabetic, blood pressure, cancer and many dreadful
diseases. Thus to avoid the use of pesticides which is the
main factor in causing the dreadful diseases.
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• A. K. Fung, F. T. Ulaby. Scattering from a
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