IRJET- An Experimenal Study on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Granite Slurry and Cement with GGBS

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AN EXPERIMENAL STUDY ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE
AGGREGATE WITH GRANITE SLURRY AND CEMENT WITH GGBS
Kavya B R1, Chandrashekar A R2
1Post Graduate in Structural Engineering, BIET College, Davanagere-577004, India
2Asst. Professor, M. Tech Structural Engineering, BIET College, Davanagere
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - The increase in the number of industries leads to
the production of waste materials which were harmful to
the environment. So to avoid this, industrial waste materials
are used to replace the ingredients of the concrete during its
preparation. The most commonly used fine aggregate is
river sand. River sand is expensive because of its scarcity. So
some alternatives have to found for river sand. Granite
slurry is the waste material generated from the granite
industry. The granite slurry is replaced to the fine aggregate
at an interval of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. And also in
this investigation another waste material GGBS is used for
replacing cement. GGBS is the waste material produced from
the iron industry. GGBS is replaced at an interval of 10%,
20%, 30% and 40%. These replacements will reduces the
quantity of materials and also protect the environment from
the pollution. The main aim of this work is to study the
increase in strength of concrete with the replacement of
granite slurry for fine aggregate and GGBS for the cement
and is compared to the conventional concrete.
Key Words: Cement, Fine aggregate, Coarse
aggregate, Ground granulated blast furnace slag,
granite slurry
1.INTRODUCTION
Concrete is the most frequently used building1material
because of its capability to accept any shapes while wet
and its strength development characteristics when it
hardens. The term concrete1refers to a mixture1of fine
aggregates1and either gravel1or crushed1stone as coarse
aggregate and are combined together using cement as
binder material. Due to higher rate of progress in
construction, the requirement of concrete is increased.
Ordinary Portland1cement is the1most commonly1used
constructional materials. It is estimated that for1the
production1of 1 tonne of cement1about 1 tonne of
carbon1dioxide will released1to the1environment.
This will affect1the atmosphere. So in order to reduce the
pollution some alternatives for this cement has to be
found. So, the cement is partially replaced with the
industrial1wastes like Ground1Granulated Blast Furnace
Slag, Fly1ash, etc.
Fine1aggregate is1an important component1of concrete,
the most1commonly used fine1aggregate is
natural1river1sand. The demand of natural river sand is
high in developing Countries. The non-availability of
satisfactory amount of ordinary river1sand for1making
cement1concrete is1affecting the development of
construction. In order1to reduce1the dependency1on
natural1aggregates as1the main1source of fine
aggregates1in concrete, industrial1wastes like granite
powder is used in1concrete mixture1as a
partial1replacement of natural1sand. It is one1of the by-
products1in granite stone1Cutting process.
This project describes the usage of the granite powder in
concrete1production as partial1replacement of
Fine1Aggregate and1Ground Granulated1Blast
Furnace1as a partial replacement1for1cement.
2. MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
2.1 MATERIAL USED
1. Cement
2. Coarse aggregate
3. Fine aggregate
4. Granite slurry
5. Ground granulated blast furnace slag
6. Water
2.2 CEMENT
Cement is the1most important and1common material
which will helps in binding of aggregates with the help of
water. The most commonly1available Portland1cement of
43-grade1was used for the1investigation. The tests
conducted on cement are
Table- 1: Characteristics of Cement
Serial no. Characteristics Value
s
1. Soundness value 1mm
2. Initial setting time 45min
3. Fineness 4%
4. Specific gravity 3.15
5. Standard consistency 30%
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

2.3 COARSE AGGREGATE
Crushed quarry1stones are generally1used as
coarse1aggregate. Locally available crushed coarse
aggregates are used and the size1of the coarse1aggregate
used1in this work was 20 mm1and 12.5 mm. the
physical1properties of the coarse1aggregates are as
follows.
Table- 2: Characteristics of Coarse aggregate
Serial no. Characteristics Values
1. Water absorption 0.3%
3. Water content 0.71%
4.
4
Bulk density
І Loose
v
14KN/m3
ІІ Compacted 16KN/m3
Fig-1: Coarse aggregate
2.4 FINE AGGREGATE
The fine aggregates are the naturally available river sand.
In1the present1work the fine aggregate is collected1from
local sources. The river sand used in the work is
conforming1to zone1Ⅱof Indian standard 383-19701code
book.
Table-3: Characteristics of Fine aggregate
2.5 GRANITE SLURRY
Granite1belongs to1igneous rock family. It is a waste
obtained by cutting granite stone. Granite slurry is
used1as a partial1replacement of fine1aggregate. As the
granite powder1is very fine in nature will fill the voids
formed while mixing the concrete.
Fig-2: Granite Powder
Table-4: Characteristics of Granite Powder
2.6 GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG
Fig-3: Ground granulated blast furnace slag
GGBS1is a by-product1of iron manufacturing1industry. Its
chemical composition is similar to chemical1composition
of ordinary cement.1It is used as a partial replacing
material for cement. It is obtained from the iron
manufacturing industry.
2.7 WATER
It is an1important ingredient1of concrete1as it will
participates1in the chemical reaction1with cement. water
should be free from salts and impurities. In the present
work water is required for mixing purpose and also for
curing of moulds. Clean1potable water1free from1salts
should be used for mixing1concrete of various
proportions.
1. Water absorption 1.35%
3. Water content 0.29%
4. Grading Zone ІІ
4.
4
Bulk density
І Loose
v
14KN/m3
ІІ Compacted 16KN/m3
2. Fineness 11%
3 Water absorption 5.07%

3. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
3.1 MIX DESIGN
1. Grade designation : M35
2. Type of cement : OPC 43
3. Min cement content : 320 kg/m³
4. Maxi nominal size of aggregate: 20mm
5. Water cement ratio: 0.40
6. Workability : 75mm
7. Exposure condition : Mild
8. Type of aggregate : Crushed
Test data for materials
a. Cement used : OPC 53 grade b.
Specific gravity of
1. Cement : 3.15
2. Coarse aggregate: 2.60
3. Fine aggregate : 2.53
Mix proportion
Cement : 340kg/m³ Water
: 136 liter Fine aggregate : 725.328 kg
Coarse aggregate : 1216.17 kg Water cement
ratio : 0.40
Ratio : 1:2.13:3.57:0.4
4. TESTING OF FRESH AND HARDENED CONCRETE
4.1 TESTING OF FRESH CONCRETE
1. SLUMP CONE TEST
To measure the1workability of concrete1slump test is
carried. It gives an1idea1of water content to be added for
concrete.
Fig-4: Slump cone test
Table-5: Slump Values
Mix Slump1Value in1mm Type of Slump
M1 72 True Slump
M2 65 True Slump
M3 68 True Slump
M4 70 True Slump
M5 69 True Slump
M6 65 True Slump
M7 68 True Slump
M8 69 True Slump
M9 72 True Slump
M10 70 True Slump
M11 69 True Slump
4.2TESTING OF HARDENED CONCRETE
1. Compressive strength test
2. Split tensile test
3. Flexural strength test
4. Water absorption test
5. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
5.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
The size of cube is 150mmx150mmx150mm. The
cubes1were tested for128 days curing and the
compressive1strength test is conducted on compression
testing machine. The compressive strength for the
conventional concrete was observed as 44.23N/mm²
which increases to 48.55N/mm² with the replacement of
20% of GP for fine aggregate and 30% of GGBS for cement.
Compressive strength in (N/mm²)
= Load / Area
Fig: 5.3 Compression Testing Machine
Table-6: Compressive Strength in concrete at 28 days
Serial no. Mix
proportion
Compressive
strength(N/mm²)
1. M1 44.23
2. M7 46.34
3. M8 47.26
4. M9 48.55
5. M10 46.53
6. M11 41.28

Chart-1: Compressive strength
5.2 TENSILE STRENGTH
The Cylinders were also tested for 28 days of1curing. This
test is also carried out in compression1testing machine. It
is necessary1to test the split tensile1to determine1the
load1at which the concrete1may crack. The dimension of
the cylinder is 150mm diameter and1300mm1length.
Fig: 5.4 Tensile strength Testing Machine
Tensile strength = 2P/πDL (N/mm²)
P - Failure load
D - Diameter of the specimen
L – Length of the specimen
Table-7: Tensilestrengthin concrete at 28 days
Serial
no.
Mix
proportion
Tensile
Strength(N/mm²)
1. M1 2.21
2. M7 2.31
3. M8 2.37
4. M9 2.42
5. M10 2.08
6. M11 2.32
Chart-2: Split tensile strength
5.3 FLEXURAL STRENGTH
For beams also the curing is done for 28 days and the sizes
of the moulds were 500mmx 100mm x100mm. For testing
of beams flexural strength is calculated.
Table-8: Flexuralstrengthin concrete at 28 days
Serial
no.
Mix
proportion
Flexural
Strength(N/mm²)
1. M1 3.53
2. M7 3.70
3. M8 3.78
4. M9 3.88
5. M10 3.72
6. M11 3.30
Flexural strength = 3Pa/bd² (N/mm²)
P – Load
a – Length of the specimen
b – Breadth of the specimen
d – Depth of the specimen
Fig-6: Flexural strength test
44.23
46.34
47.26
48.55
46.53
41.28
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
0 10 15 20 25 30
Compressive1strength at 28 days
2.21
2.31
2.37 2.42
2.32
2.08
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
0 10 15 20 25 30
Split tensile strength at 28 days

Chart-3: Split tensile strength
5.4. WATER ABSORPTION TEST
Water1absorption test aids1to determine the1water
absorption1capacity of1concrete. The saturated water
absorption is given by the difference between the water
saturated cube weight and the oven dry cube weight
expressed1as a percentage of oven dry cubes weight.
Water1absorption (%) = ((WW-WD) / (WD)) X 100
Where,
WW = weight1of specimen1after immersing in water.
WD = weight1of oven dried specimen.
Table-9: Waterabsorptionof concrete at 28 days
Chart-4: Water absorption
6. CONCLUSION
 The compressive1strength of concrete1with 20%
of Granite slurry and 30% of GGBS1is
increased1up to 9.76% compared1to
conventional1concrete cubes.
 The Split1tensile strength1of the concrete1with
20% of Granite slurry and 30% of GGBS is
increased up to 9.50% compared to conventional
concrete cylinder.
 The Flexural1strength of1concrete with 20%1of
Granite slurry and 30% of GGBS is increased up to
9.91% compared1to conventional1concrete.
 The1optimum percentage1of granite slurry is
20% and GGBS is 30%.
 The optimum1water absorption is 1.01 which is
obtained at 30% replacement1of granite1slurry
and 30% of1GGBS.
7. REFERENCES
1. A.Arivumangai, T. Felixkala, “Strength and Durability
Properties of Granite Powder Concrete” Journal of Civil
Engineering Research 2014.
2. Adigun Ema, Cost Effectiveness of Replacing Sand with
Crushed Granite Fine in the Mixed Design of Concrete.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering .2013; 10
(1): 01-06
3. Baboo Rai , Khan Naushad H , Abhishek Kr , Tabin
Rushad S and Duggal S.K, “Influence of Marble
powder/granules in Concrete mix”, International Journal
3.53
3.7
3.78
3.88
3.72
3.3
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
0 10 15 20 25 30
Flexural strength at 28 days
2.09
1.69
1.42
1.62
1.37
1.47
2.67
1.25
1.47
1.35
1.01
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10M11
Mix
proportio
n
Water Absorption (%)
M1 2.09
M2 1.69
M3 1.42
M4 1.62
M5 1.37
M6 1.47
M7 2.67
M8 1.25
M9 1.47
M10 1.35
M11 1.01

of Civil and Structural Engineering, Vol 1, No 4, 2011, PP
827-834.
4. Divakar, “Experimental investigation on behaviour of
concrete with the use of granite fines”, International
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8. Khan K. M. and Ghani U. (2004), “Effect of blending of
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Performance Concrete in China”. International workshop
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317.
8 BIOGRAPHIES
KAVYA B R
M. Tech (structural engineering)
Department of civil engineering
B.I.E.T College Davanagere
CHANDRASHEKAR A R
Asst. professor
Department of civil engineering
B.I.E.T College Davanagere

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