IRJET- Automatic Vehicle Speed Controller System in Restricted Areas
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This document describes an automatic vehicle speed control system for restricted areas using RF technology. The system uses an Arduino board, RF transmitter and receiver modules, an LCD display, motor driver, and DC motors. The transmitter sends the allowed speed limit for a restricted area using RF signals. The receiver receives the signals and the Arduino compares the vehicle's actual speed to the limit. If the speed exceeds the limit, the system will automatically reduce the vehicle's speed to remain within the limit. The goal is to control vehicle speeds in restricted areas like schools, hospitals, and highways to help prevent accidents caused by speeding. The prototype system was designed to be low cost and provide a reference for controlling speeds in electric vehicles.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 5275
Automatic Vehicle Speed Controller System in Restricted Areas
Suhas. S. Kotian1, Jayesh Bhosale2, Mrunali Shetye3, Shraddha Tembulkar4, M/s. Sonal Borse 5
1,2,3,4Student, Department of EXTC, Universal College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India
5Assistant Professor, Department of EXTC, Universal College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Nowadays in a fast moving world all the peoples
are not have self-control. Such peoples aredrivingvehicles ina
high speed in restricted areas like (school, parks, hospitals,
hills area, Highways and in speed limited areas etc.) so that
accidents are occurred morefrequently. Becauseofthis welost
our valuable life by making small mistakes while driving like
high speed driving in restricted area, do not view the
signboards which are placed by the Highway Department on
the road. So in order to avoid such kind of accidents and to
control their vehicle speed in restricted area like (school,
parks, hospitals, hills area, Highways and in speed limited
areas etc.) speed limit area, we can develop a system which
can limits the speed of vehicle according to the speed limit of
that particular area. So to intimate the driver about the zones
and the speed limit, the project has an aim to controlthespeed
of any vehicle automatically by means of using RF technology.
Key Words: Arduino UNO Board, RF Transmitter &
Receiver, L293D motor driver, LCD Display, DC Motor
1. INTRODUCTION
In today’s fast moving world, as the rate of accidents is
increasing day by day, speed of vehiclesshouldbecontrolled
as much as possible. Most of the accidents occured in India
are results of lack of speed control and violating the road
rules. For this reason, different speed limits are put to
decrease accidents.
Unfortunately, drivers usually do not take thesespeedlimits
seriously and ignore them. To Ensure decline in accidents
and to improve road safety, speedcontrol techniquessuchas
speed control in school and hospital zones by using RF
transceiver. In fast moving world’s, accidents are mostly
occurs due to breaking the rules of the road and over
speeding. The accidents rates are increasing year to year by
more vehicles onto ground and heavy traffic. The
government has taken to many steps to prevent this kind of
things. But, there is problem using this system is that
whenever human crosses the road it cannot detect properly
so we develop a new system to control these things in a
simple way using IR module which hassomedrawbacksthat
is it can works under line of sight. So we opted to work with
RF.
2. HARWARE DETAILS
2.1 Arduino UNO Board
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller development board based
on the Atmel ATmega328 MCU. The Arduino Uno has 14
digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM
outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.
This Arduino MCU board contains everything needed to
support the microcontroller. Simply connect it to acomputer
with a adapter or battery to get started. The Arduino Uno
differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the
FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the
Atmega8U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. The
Arduino Uno MCU board can be powered via the USB
connection or with an external power supply.[1]
Fig 1: Arduino UNO
Table -1: Arduino Specification
Pin Count 28/32
Flash(Bytes) 32K
SRAM(Bytes) 2K
EEPROM(Bytes) 1K
General Purpose I/O Lines 23
SPI 2
TWI(12C) 1
ADC Channels 8
8-bit Timer/ Counters 2
USART 1
ADC 10-bit 15kSPS
16-bit Timer/Counters 1](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v6i31356-191021074415/85/IRJET-Automatic-Vehicle-Speed-Controller-System-in-Restricted-Areas-1-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 5276
2.2 RF Transmitter & Receiver
An RF transmitter module is a small assembly it can able to
transmit the radio waves. This is working along with
microcontroller. This is used to give data to module which
can be transmitted.
Transmitter power output can be decreased by the physical
environmentalchangessuchasharmonics,noiseandsoother
parameters. So we can take a necessary steps to overcome
this to make transmitter to increase or maintain the quality.
An RF Receiver modulereceivesthemodulatedRFsignal,and
demodulates it. There are two types of RF receiver modules:
superheterodynereceiversandsuper-regenerativereceivers.
Super-regenerative modules are usually low cost and low
power designs using a series of amplifiers to extract
modulated data from a carrier wave.
Fig -2: RF Transmitter & Receiver
2.3 L293 Motor Driver
The most common method to drive DC motors in two
directions under control of a computer is with an H-bridge
motor driver. H-bridges can be built from scratch with bi-
polar junction transistors(BJT)orwithfieldeffecttransistors
(FET), or can be purchased as an integrated unit in a single
integrated circuit package such as the L293. The L293 is
simplest and inexpensive for low current motors, For high
current motors, it is less expensive to build your own H-
bridge from scratch.
The L293 is an integrated circuit motor driver that can be
used for simultaneous, bi-directional control of
two small motors. Small means small. The L293 is limited to
600 mA, but in reality can only handle much small currents
unless you have done some serious heat sinking to keep the
case temperature down.
Fig 3: L293 Motor Driver
2.4 LCD Display
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen is an electronic display
module. This modulesarepreferredoversevensegmentsand
other multi segments LEDs. A 16x2 LCD means it can display
16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD
each character is displayed 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has
two registers, namely, Command and Data. The command
register stores the command instruction given to LCD. A
command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined
task like initializing it, clearing display etc. The data register
stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the
ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD.[4]
Fig 4: LCD Display
2.5 DC Motor
A DC motor is any of a class of rotaryelectrical machinesthat
converts direct current electrical energy into mechanical
energy. The most common types rely on the forcesproduced
by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some
internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic,
to periodically change the direction of current flowin part of
the motor.
DC motors were the first form of motor widely used, as they
could be powered from existing direct-current lighting
power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be
controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v6i31356-191021074415/85/IRJET-Automatic-Vehicle-Speed-Controller-System-in-Restricted-Areas-2-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 5278
6. CONCLUSION
In this paper after taking into consideration the various
methods provided by different researchers we can conclude
that the RF technique is quite feasible option in the near
future and we can also add on features like GPS system for
tracking as well as GSM system for alerting the concerned
authorities if in case of any offense.
7. REFERENCES
[1] For Motor driver and Arduino Circuit Analysis,
http://www.instructables.com
[2] For PWM generation and controlling,
http://www.circuitstoday.com
[3] For Hardware Details,
https://www.wikipedia.org/
[4] Jyothi Kameswari, Satwik, “A Design Model for
Automatic Vehicle Speed Controller,” International
Journal of Computer Applications, Vol.35, No.9, 2011.
[5] Gummarekula Sattibabu, Satyanarayan , “Automatic
Vehicle Speed Control With Wireless In-Vehicle Road
Sign Delivery System Using ARM 7,” International
Journal Of Technology Enhancements And Emerging
Engineering Research, Vol 2, No. 8, 2014.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v6i31356-191021074415/85/IRJET-Automatic-Vehicle-Speed-Controller-System-in-Restricted-Areas-4-320.jpg)
IRJET- Automatic Vehicle Speed Controller System in Restricted Areas
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 5275 Automatic Vehicle Speed Controller System in Restricted Areas Suhas. S. Kotian1, Jayesh Bhosale2, Mrunali Shetye3, Shraddha Tembulkar4, M/s. Sonal Borse 5 1,2,3,4Student, Department of EXTC, Universal College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India 5Assistant Professor, Department of EXTC, Universal College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Nowadays in a fast moving world all the peoples are not have self-control. Such peoples aredrivingvehicles ina high speed in restricted areas like (school, parks, hospitals, hills area, Highways and in speed limited areas etc.) so that accidents are occurred morefrequently. Becauseofthis welost our valuable life by making small mistakes while driving like high speed driving in restricted area, do not view the signboards which are placed by the Highway Department on the road. So in order to avoid such kind of accidents and to control their vehicle speed in restricted area like (school, parks, hospitals, hills area, Highways and in speed limited areas etc.) speed limit area, we can develop a system which can limits the speed of vehicle according to the speed limit of that particular area. So to intimate the driver about the zones and the speed limit, the project has an aim to controlthespeed of any vehicle automatically by means of using RF technology. Key Words: Arduino UNO Board, RF Transmitter & Receiver, L293D motor driver, LCD Display, DC Motor 1. INTRODUCTION In today’s fast moving world, as the rate of accidents is increasing day by day, speed of vehiclesshouldbecontrolled as much as possible. Most of the accidents occured in India are results of lack of speed control and violating the road rules. For this reason, different speed limits are put to decrease accidents. Unfortunately, drivers usually do not take thesespeedlimits seriously and ignore them. To Ensure decline in accidents and to improve road safety, speedcontrol techniquessuchas speed control in school and hospital zones by using RF transceiver. In fast moving world’s, accidents are mostly occurs due to breaking the rules of the road and over speeding. The accidents rates are increasing year to year by more vehicles onto ground and heavy traffic. The government has taken to many steps to prevent this kind of things. But, there is problem using this system is that whenever human crosses the road it cannot detect properly so we develop a new system to control these things in a simple way using IR module which hassomedrawbacksthat is it can works under line of sight. So we opted to work with RF. 2. HARWARE DETAILS 2.1 Arduino UNO Board Arduino Uno is a microcontroller development board based on the Atmel ATmega328 MCU. The Arduino Uno has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. This Arduino MCU board contains everything needed to support the microcontroller. Simply connect it to acomputer with a adapter or battery to get started. The Arduino Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega8U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. The Arduino Uno MCU board can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply.[1] Fig 1: Arduino UNO Table -1: Arduino Specification Pin Count 28/32 Flash(Bytes) 32K SRAM(Bytes) 2K EEPROM(Bytes) 1K General Purpose I/O Lines 23 SPI 2 TWI(12C) 1 ADC Channels 8 8-bit Timer/ Counters 2 USART 1 ADC 10-bit 15kSPS 16-bit Timer/Counters 1
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 5276 2.2 RF Transmitter & Receiver An RF transmitter module is a small assembly it can able to transmit the radio waves. This is working along with microcontroller. This is used to give data to module which can be transmitted. Transmitter power output can be decreased by the physical environmentalchangessuchasharmonics,noiseandsoother parameters. So we can take a necessary steps to overcome this to make transmitter to increase or maintain the quality. An RF Receiver modulereceivesthemodulatedRFsignal,and demodulates it. There are two types of RF receiver modules: superheterodynereceiversandsuper-regenerativereceivers. Super-regenerative modules are usually low cost and low power designs using a series of amplifiers to extract modulated data from a carrier wave. Fig -2: RF Transmitter & Receiver 2.3 L293 Motor Driver The most common method to drive DC motors in two directions under control of a computer is with an H-bridge motor driver. H-bridges can be built from scratch with bi- polar junction transistors(BJT)orwithfieldeffecttransistors (FET), or can be purchased as an integrated unit in a single integrated circuit package such as the L293. The L293 is simplest and inexpensive for low current motors, For high current motors, it is less expensive to build your own H- bridge from scratch. The L293 is an integrated circuit motor driver that can be used for simultaneous, bi-directional control of two small motors. Small means small. The L293 is limited to 600 mA, but in reality can only handle much small currents unless you have done some serious heat sinking to keep the case temperature down. Fig 3: L293 Motor Driver 2.4 LCD Display Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen is an electronic display module. This modulesarepreferredoversevensegmentsand other multi segments LEDs. A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data. The command register stores the command instruction given to LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it, clearing display etc. The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD.[4] Fig 4: LCD Display 2.5 DC Motor A DC motor is any of a class of rotaryelectrical machinesthat converts direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forcesproduced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flowin part of the motor. DC motors were the first form of motor widely used, as they could be powered from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 5277 voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor can operate on direct current but is a lightweight brushed motorusedforportable power tools and appliances. Larger DC motors are currently used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, and in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of power electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC motors possible in many applications. Fig 5: DC Motor 3. BLOCK DIAGRAM 3.1 Transmitter Section Fig 3.1: Transmitter Block Diagram The power is connected to Arduino through USB (Type B). The LCD display is connected to Arduino. The Arduino is main controller whichcontrolsall inputdevicesconnectedto it. The Arduino is reprogrammable device, which can be programmed accordingtouserrequirements.RF transmitter transmits the allowable speedlevel ofthe restrictedarea and the potentiometer sets the speed level. The Arduino will display the required output over the LCD Display according to the program. 3.2 Receiver Section Fig 3.2: Receiver Block Diagram The power is connected to Arduino through USB (Type B). The LCD display is connected to Arduino. The Arduino is main controller whichcontrolsall inputdevicesconnectedto it. The motor driver is used to control the direction of the wheels connected with the dc motors whereas RF receiver receives the signal of the speed level of the restricted area. The LCD display will display the car speed level as well as the restricted area speedand thenthearduinodetermine the course of action accordingly(whether the speed needs to be decreased). 4. WORKING When the vehicle moves in the normal area no action is performed. But when the vehicle enters into the restricted areas that means it enters into the speed limiting zone. Hence whenever it enters the transmitter module sends an information that contains how much speed a vehicle can go inside the speed limited zone. Then thesignal orinformation is received by the receiver. The signal from the transmitter and the speed of the vehicle is compared. In this there are two cases, First if the current speed is less than the transmitted speed the vehicle goes normally no action is required. Second if the speed of the vehicle is greater than the transmitted speed by the transmitter module the controller waits for few second for the driver to reduce the speed to the below value and if the driver does not decrease the speed then it automaticallytakesthecontrol andreduces the speed according to the limited level. 5. RESULTS The developed prototype is low cost and gives an idea of controlling the speed throughRFmodule.Thissystemcanbe used as a reference in the automatic driven electric cars. As it uses RF signal concept some changes can be made to effectively increase its range.
- 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 5278 6. CONCLUSION In this paper after taking into consideration the various methods provided by different researchers we can conclude that the RF technique is quite feasible option in the near future and we can also add on features like GPS system for tracking as well as GSM system for alerting the concerned authorities if in case of any offense. 7. REFERENCES [1] For Motor driver and Arduino Circuit Analysis, http://www.instructables.com [2] For PWM generation and controlling, http://www.circuitstoday.com [3] For Hardware Details, https://www.wikipedia.org/ [4] Jyothi Kameswari, Satwik, “A Design Model for Automatic Vehicle Speed Controller,” International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol.35, No.9, 2011. [5] Gummarekula Sattibabu, Satyanarayan , “Automatic Vehicle Speed Control With Wireless In-Vehicle Road Sign Delivery System Using ARM 7,” International Journal Of Technology Enhancements And Emerging Engineering Research, Vol 2, No. 8, 2014.