IRJET- FPGA Implementation of Image Encryption and Decryption using Fully Homomorphic Technique

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1134
FPGA Implementation of Image Encryption and Decryption using Fully
Homomorphic Technique
S. K. Alone
M.TECH, (Electronics System and Communication Engineering), GCOEA, Amravati, India
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Abstract - Security of data is the difficult issue of today that
have many areas including computers and communication.
Modern cyber security attacks have surely affects of the users.
Cryptography is technique used to create authentication,
integrity, availability, secrecy andidentificationofinformation
data can be continued also securityandprivacyof information
data can be given to the user. The cryptography methods and
different methods are used to make available a high security
to many applications. The greater use of multimedia
applications in the industrial and IT process requires us to
protect secret information data from unauthorized access.
Cryptography is essential solution to protect our information
against attacks. The increasinguseof multimediaapplications
in the industrial and IT process requires us to protect
confidential image data from unauthorized access.
Cryptography is the most relevant solution to protect our
information against attacks. There are many image
encryption techniques like DES, AES and RSA. Homomorphic
encryption is the encryption scheme which means the
operations on the encrypted data. Homomorphic encryption
can be applied in any system by using various public key
algorithms.
Key Words: —Cryptography, public key algorithm, private
key algorithm, Fully homomorphic encryption.
1. INTRODUCTION
To meet the safety requirements, cryptography is a
common technique to uphold image security. Cryptography
is widely used today because of its security advantages. The
major objectives of cryptography are control access,
confidentiality, integrity, non-repudiation and
authentication. There exist two main types of cryptographic
algorithms, the symmetric-key family (the
encryption/decryption key is shared between the two
parties and remains secret) and the asymmetric-key family
(the encryption key is public while the decryption key is
private).The benefit of symmetric algorithms is that they do
not consume too much of power and are characterized with
high speed while encrypting the data. Symmetric key
cryptosystems have higher speed than the asymmetric key
cryptosystems. Due to various advantages, symmetric
algorithms are practised for encryption and decryption of
image.
Security is the prime requirement because of the
increasing usage of the internet or public cloud for storing
the data. Security is needed for preserving the integrity,
confidentiality, availability of the information system
resources. There can be collection of the data in the
encrypted format in any databasebutiftheoperationsorthe
computations on the encrypted data are needed to be
performed then it is the compulsory to decrypt that data but
the decrypted data are not assured any more thus, a new
idea of the cryptosystem was proposedthatallowsthedirect
operations on the encrypted data. This concept is called
privacy homomorphism. However, decryption is notcarried
out; the result obtained is identical as operations on
plaintext. While exclusively controlling encrypted data,
implicit additions andmultiplicationsonplaintextvaluescan
be executed by the workers by using homomorphic
encryption.
Security can be a major issue for such data centerswhen
the information they have are touchy. A data center may be
attacked, compromised and an addition the capability of
insider attacks .The safety problems with the outward
databases can be solved if the critical data are encrypted.
Naturally it gives rise to the problem of how the data center
can perform computation on encrypted data. Homomorphic
encryption schemes, gives a solutionforthisstatement: Such
schemes enable for functions to evaluateencrypteddata,the
result of which is still encrypted data, but can be decrypted
back into the result of the (logically)samefunctionappliedto
the plain data.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Amal Hafsa, Anissa Sghaier, worked on AES image
encryption techniques. The AES is a symmetric-
cryptosystem, in which both who send and receives uses a
single key for encoding and decoding of the message128 is
the length of plaintext, while one hundred twenty two, one
hundred ninety two and two hundred fifty six are either
keylength. Advanced encryption standard method is an
iteration based algorithm. One iteration is called as one
round, for keylength one hundredtwenty eight,onehundred
ninety two, two hundred fifty six the no. of rounds required
are ten, twelve and fourteen. The one hundred twenty
eightbit algorithm is separatedinto16bytes. These bytes are
shown as state array of 4*4 called state matrix, and all the
various methods such as subbytes operation, shiftrows
operation,mixcolumnoperationandaddroundoperation are
executed on state matrix.
In the blowfish encryption scheme has been studied, Bruce
Schneier, world's first cryptologist proposed the Blowfish
algorithm [2] and made it accesable in the public sector.
Blowfish is a varying key length, block cipher of 64 bit. The

method was first proposed in 1993, andhasnotbeen broken
yet. It can be modified applications of hardware because of
its concentration.
The algorithm is as shown having two parts: first is
expansion of key part and data- encryption part is the
second part. In key expansion a key size of maximum448bit
is change to some subkey array of 4168 bytes. Information
encryption requires through a 16-round (commonly)
network.
RSA algorithm is called as the most excellent encryption
public key algorithm. It has been widely applied to
encryption and decryption and digital signature.[3] Basic
steps are as follows:
(1)Consider two large random numbers and we call them p
and q. p is unequal to q. Then compute N, which is equal to
the value p*q;
(2)Choose an integer e less than ϕ (n) and ϕ (n)=(p-1)*(q-1).
Here ϕ (n) and e should be comparatively prime numbers.
(3)Use Expanded-Euclidean algorithm to calculate d. The
formula is given below:
d * e≡ 1 mod ((p-1)*(q-1))After the above operation, (N, e)
is public key and (N, d) is private key.
The determination of the Diffie-Hellman algorithm is to
allowed two users to interchange a secret key confidentially
that can be used for subsequent encryption of information.
The Diffie-Hellman encryption depends on its difficulty of
calculating discret logarithms. q is a prime number and α is
an integer and are two publicly familiar numbers. α is a
primitive root of q.Consider the consumer A and B wants to
interchange a key.Consumer A choses a random number
<qand calculates the public key mod q.Similarly,user
B separately selects a random number <q and calculates
public key mod q. Each side theXvalueiskeptsecret
and makes the value of Y accesable publicly to the opposite
side. Consumer A calculates the key as mod q.
and consumer B calculates the key as mod q.
Thus, both the sides have interchange a secrete key.
3. METHODOLOGY
Fig.1. Block diagram of proposed methodology
System is initialized first. Image is loaded in the
MATLAB. Image is converted into file.text. Data to be
processed in text I/O is read. Application of Homomorphic
encryption is developed in VHDL. Data obtainedasO/Pfrom
text I/O in file.text is stored. File.text is converted intoimage
in MATLAB. Finally at the output original recoveredimage is
acquire. The proposedmethodologyissplittedintofollowing
blocks:
A. Encryption
B. Decryption
A. Encryption Process
Fig.2. Encryption Process

The original image is read using Matlab and it is
converted into text file by using preprocessing. It is given as
input to homomorphic encryption algorithm developed in
VHDL language. Homomorphic encryption algorithm
simulated on Modelsim and synthesized on Quartus II and
the result of implementation on the FPGA cyclone IV.E is
presented in the console of the card DE2-115 in the form of
the 256 * 256 pixels. Then the output of homomorphic
algorithm is given to the postprocessing togettheencrypted
image.
B. Decryption Process
Fig.3. Decryption Process
In decryption process the encryptedimageisgivenasinput
to the preprocessing. It is given as input to homomorphic
decryption algorithm developed in VHDL language.
Homomorphic decryption algorithmsimulatedonModelsim
and synthesized on Quartus II and the result of
implementation on the FPGA cyclone IV.E ispresentedinthe
console of the card DE2-115 in the form of the 256 * 256
pixels. Then the output of homomorphic decryption
algorithm is given to the postprocessing togetthedecrypted
image i.e. original image.
Fig.4. Proposed Method Hybrid Homomorphic Encryption
scheme
In this part, the possibility to fabricate another encryption
scheme which supports all homomorphic tasks from the
partial encryption schemes that supports a limited number
of homomorphic operations(additionormultiplication). The
partial homomorphic encryption schemes can support just
only homomorphic property. While, the fully homomorphic
encryption schemes can support all properties of
homomorphic.Tobuilda newfullyhomomorphic encryption
scheme which supports all homomorphic operations from
two partial homomorphic encryption schemes onesupports
only addition and other supports only multiplication
operations. The hybrid homomorphic encryption scheme
must preserve the algebraic structure.
Algorithm steps for Encryption and Decryption:
RSA Multiplicative PHE Rivest, Shamir and Adleman
published their public key cryptosystemin1978.Althoughit
is a very basic algorithm, it is one of the mostcrucial building
blocks of homomorphic encryption, which iswhyithasbeen
included as an example of multiplicative partial
homomorphic encryption technique. RSA algorithm is
regarded as the most excellent public key encryption
algorithm by far. It has been widely applied to encryption
and decryption and digital signature. RSA key length
increases along with the increase of con_dentiality level.
Therefore, we need to continuous optimize the process of
key generating in order to adapt the market demand.RSA
algorithm as shown below:
(1)Generate two large random numbers and we call them p
and q. p is unequal to q. Then compute N, which is equal to
the value p multiplied by q.
(2)Choose an integer e less than and (n) = (p - 1)*(q-
1). Here (n) and e should becomparativelyprimenumbers.
(3)Use Expanded-Euclidean algorithm to calculate d. The
formula is given below: d * e 1mod((p - 1) *(q - 1)) After
the above operation, (N, e) is public key and (N,d) is private
key.
For Encryption cyphertext C =
For Decryption plaintext M =
By using Modulo Addition
C =
4. RESULTS
MATLAB RESULTS:
Fig.5.Original Image

Fig.6.Encrypted image
Fig.7.Recovered original image
SYNTHESIS RESULTS
Quartus Version 9.1 SP2
Family Cyclone II
Device EP2C35F672C6N
Total logic elements 734/33.216 (2%)
Total combinational function 734/33.216 (2%)
Dedicated logic registers 309/33.216 (2%)
Total Pins 9/475 (2%)
Total thermal Power
dissipation
31.05 mW
5. CONCLUSION
A fully homomorphic encryption scheme would appear to
solve the security problem. Homomorphic encryption
schemes permit anyone to evaluate functions on encrypted
data, but the evaluators never see any information about the
result. It is possible to constructanencryptionschemewhere
a user can compute f(m) from an encryption of a message m,
but she should not be able to learn any other information
about m.
REFERENCES
[1]ZainabHikmatMahmood,MahmoodKhalelIbrahem"New
Fully Homomorphic EncryptionSchemeBasedOnMultistage
Partial Homomorphic Encryption Applied In Cloud
Computing" 2018 1st Annual International conference on
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[2] Kirandeep Kaur , Jyotsna Sengupta,”Optimizing Fully
Homomorphic Encryption AlgorithmusingGreedyApproach
in Cloud Computing”, International Journal of Computer
Science Trends and Technology (IJCST) – Volume 5 Issue 4,
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[3]Payal V. Parmar, Shraddha B. Padhar, Shafika N. Patel,
Niyatee I. Bhatt, Rutvij H. Jhaveri,” Survey of Various
Homomorphic Encryption algorithms and Schemes”,
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 –
8887) Volume 91 – No.8, April 2014.
[4]Li Dongjiang, Wang Yandan” The research on key
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[5] Amal Hafsa, Anissa Sghaier, Wajih Elhadj Yousef,” Image
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[9] Melchor, Carlos Aguilar, et al. "Improving Additive and
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[10]Vaidehi, E. "Computing Aggregation Function
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IRJET- FPGA Implementation of Image Encryption and Decryption using Fully Homomorphic Technique