IRJET- Implementation of IoT based Smart Garbage and Waste Collection System

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1847
Implementation of IOT Based Smart Garbage and Waste
Collection System
Gaurav Makde1, Ashutosh Bele2, Vaibhav Khapekar3, Nidhi Gajarlwar4, Sakshi Gajbhiye5,
Kunal Purohit6
1,2,3,4,5Department of Information Technology, S.B. Jain Institute of Technology, Management and Research, Nagpur
6Project Guide, Department of Information Technology, S.B. Jain Institute of Technology, Management and
Research, Nagpur
---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Many times, in our city we see that the garbage
bins or dustbins placed at public places are overloaded. It
creates unhygienic conditions for people as well as ugliness to
that place leaving bad smell. It creates bad health condition
for the people by spreading some deadly diseases, to avoid all
such situations we are going to implement aprojectcalledIOT
Based Smart Garbage and Waste Collection bins. These
dustbins are interfaced with Node MCU based system using
Ultrasonic Module, WIFI Module which is present in the Node
MCU along with central system showing current status of
garbage, on mobile web browser with html page or in android
app by Wi-Fi. Hence the status will be updated on to the html
page. Major part of our project depends upon the working of
the Node MCU; essential for its implementation. The mainaim
of this project is to reduce human resources and efforts along
with the enhancement of a smart city vision. Each bin is given
a particular ID it will in display in the screen of the respected
admin and they can take immediate action. We are designing
a smart bins means it contains some sensors, Ultrasonic
Module. Thus this scheme helps to maintain the city sparkling
by informing about the trash levels of the bins via a web page.
Key Words: Node MCU, Ultrasonic Sensor.
1. INTRODUCTION
Recent days, many people are living in cities only for their
convenience in all the ways and many people are coming
from the rural areas for the opportunities. Due to this there
is huge growth of population in metro politician Cities the
waste percent is increased to the enormous level, the waste
is overflowing from the bins and finally it leads a situationof
general bin into mini dump yard in each and everystreet. So,
it’s became a major problem for the municipal authorities to
clean that waste. They are unable to clean that wasteintime.
So, to reduce this, based on latest technology moving to
smart bin. Up to now this method is not widelyimplemented
in India, presently we are using only old bins and
compressor bins in our premises. So with all the power at
our finger tips this is what we have come up with the is : -
Internet of Things (IOT).
This project IOT Garbage Monitoring system is a very
innovative system which will help to keep the cities clean.
This design designates a technique in which the garbage
level could be checked at regular intervals which would
prevent the undesirable overflow of the bin. The system
makes use of Node MCU and Ultrasonic Sensor whichare the
main part of the system. This system monitors the garbage
bins and informs about the level of garbage collected in the
garbage bins. For this, the system uses ultrasonic sensors
placed over the bins to detect the garbage level and compare
it with the garbage bins depth. The system makes use of
Node MCU and a Wi-Fi is already placed in the Node MCUfor
sending data to webserver that monitors the garbage levels.
Programming is done in Arduino IDE such a way that once a
particular level of filling is sensed information message is
sent requesting a clean-up.
This is our IOT Based Smart Garbage and Waste Collection
System, an innovative way that will help to keep the cities
clean and healthy by informing about the garbage levels of
the bins.
1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT
One of the main concerns with our environment has been
solid waste management which impacts the health and
environment of our society. The detection, monitoring and
management of waste is one of the primary problems of the
present era. The Traditional way of manuallymonitoring the
waste in waste bin is a cumbersome process and utilizes
more human efforts, time and cost which can easily be
avoided with our present technologies.
1.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM
Firstly there is the dashboard which contain the different
area of the city and each area contain the number of dustbin
and each dustbin has its own dustbin ID and location where
the bin is located. This dustbin ID and location are in a table
and it shows the percentage of each dustbin in the table. In
dashboard there will also be an admin option. To go to the
admin option there will be a login page. The login page will
only contain the admin ID to login to the page. After that the
admin can add the area and also can remove or delete the
area from the dashboard. The admin can also add and delete
the dustbin from the table. If the dustbin is not showing the

percent or it is not working then the admin can easily delete
the dustbin from the table.
At the start the garbage bin is unfilled andthesensorsplaced
over the bins senses the level ofthegarbagecomposed/fixed
in the bins. If the sensor senses no garbage in the bin then it
does not refer information to the person. Else if the sensor
senses any garbage in the bin and the level of the garbage is
in between 0%-80% there will not be any alert or text
message. If level is in between 80-100% then it will send
information (text message) to the admin and thentheadmin
will text to the garbage collector (labor) then directly the
person collect the garbage from that area.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
The aim is to develop an IOT base garbage monitoring
system. So in this we survey about the Garbagelevelthatwill
tell the waste level which is detection inside the dustbin and
a web page is built to show the status to the user monitoring
it. The web page gives a Graphical view and highlights the
garbage collected in color in order to show the level of
garbage collected to the user. So we take a basic knowledge
about the types of waste present in the dustbin i, e., Solid,
Liquid, Sludge and Hazardous (Waste item, domestic bin,
trash bags). [1]
We have taken the idea of code how to take sensor reading
from the hardware and take input from Node MCU and
Ultrasonic sensor and pushing the data into the database
which will then display the value in the table which is
present in the web page [2]
Ultrasonic sensor are very use full in today’s generation. So
we have used this sensor to detect the level of the garbage.
The sensors are place at the top of the dustbin in the
common garbage bins placed at the public place when the
garbage reaches the level of the sensors it will send SMS
using WI-FI module to the web page and will show graphical
view of the bin how much it is fill.[3]
For this there should be a flow of system. So we have taken
an overview about the system architecture and we have
referred the flow chart which tells the flowofthesystem and
the architecture tells which parts are connected to whom.
Smart Dustbins can prevent the accumulationof thegarbage
along the roadside to a great extent thereby controlling the
widespread of many diseases. It can prevent pollution and
also prevent the consumption of the spread out garbage by
the street animals. [4]
The sensors attached to smart bins connected through the
cellular network creates a large amount of sensor
information, which is analyzed and monitored to get
knowledge about the status of garbage bins. This paper also
aims at encouraging further research in the topic of waste
management. Wi-Fi Module is used to send message to the
garbage depot if the Garbage exceeds the set thresholdlevel.
With the help of Wi-Fi module interfaced, we can send short
text messages to the required authorities. [5]
2.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENET
Functional Requirements:
• Taking sensor reading from the Sensor Circuit
• Pushing the data to a MySQL database.
• Retrieving information from database for Calculation
garbage bin which fulfils the condition for garbage
collection, example: Collect garbage from bins whose level is
over 80% of bin.
• A client side script to get Garbage collection live
Monitoring.
Non-functional Requirement:
• The project requires a user interface for monitoring and
manually intervening (if required) in the efficientandtimely
collection of garbage from the selected Garbage bins.
2.2.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENET
1. Arduino IDE
The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to
write code and upload it to the board. It runs on Windows,
Mac OS X, and Linux. The environment is written in Java and
based on Processing and other open-source software. The
Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special
rules of code structuring. The Arduino IDE supplies a
software library from the Wiring project, which provides
many common input and output procedures. User-written
code only requires two basic functions, for starting the
sketch and the main program loop, that are compiled and
linked with a program stub main() into an executable cyclic
executive program with the GNU tool chain, also included
with the IDE distribution. The Arduino IDE employs the
program avrdude to convert the executable code into a text
file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the Arduino
board by a loader program in the board's firmware.
2. XAMPP Local Server
XAMPP is an open source freesoftwaredevelopedbyApache
friends. XAMPP software package contains Apache
distributions for Apache server,MariaDB,PHP,andPerl.And
it is basically a local host or a local server. This local server
works on your own desktop orlaptopcomputer.Youcanjust
install this software on your laptop or desktop and test the
clients or your website before uploading it to the remote
web server or computer. This XAMPP server software gives
you suitable environment for testing MYSQL, PHP, Apache
and Perl projects on the local computer.
The full form of XAMPP is X stands for Cross-platform, (A)
Apache server, (M) MariaDB, (P) PHP and (P) Perl. The

Cross-platform usually means that it can run on any
computer with any operating system. Next MariaDB is the
most famous database server and it is developed by MYSQL
team. PHP usually provides a space for web development.
PHP is a server-side scripting language. And the last Perl is a
programming language and is used to develop a web
application.
The XAMPP installation process is verysimpleandfast.Once
XAMPP is installed on your local computer it acts as a local
server or localhost. You can test the websites before
uploading it to the remote web server. This XAMPP server
software gives you suitable environment for testing MYSQL,
PHP, Apache and Perl applications on a local computer.
3. MySQL Database
MySQL is an open source software. It is actually a relational
database management system (RDBMS). ThisSQL standsfor
Structured Query Language. It is the most popular and best
RDBMS used for developing a variety of web-basedsoftware
applications. With the help of MYSQL, it is possible to
organize the information, manage, retrieve and update the
data whenever you wish to do.
MySQL is very popular for Web-hostingapplications because
of its plethora of Web-optimized features like HTML data
types, and because it's available for free. It is part of the
Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP (LAMP) architecture, a
combination of platforms that is frequently used to deliver
and support advanced Web applications. MySQL runs the
back-end databases of some famous websites, including
Wikipedia, Google and Facebook. Although MySQL is
technically considered a competitor of Oracle DB, Oracle DB
is mainly used by large enterprises, while MySQL is used by
smaller, more Web-oriented databases. In addition, MySQL
differs from Oracle's product because it's in the public
domain.
4. Cloud Server Hosting
Cloud server hosting is when hosting services are made
available to customers on demand via the Internet. Rather
than being provided by a single server or virtual server,
cloud server hosting services are provided by multiple
connected servers that comprise a cloud. Cloud server
hosting is also sometimes referred to as cluster server
hosting or server on-demand hosting.
Cloud server hosting offers the advantages of increased
accessibility and reliability, seamless scalability and
potential cost savings, as customers are freedfromhavingto
invest in on-premises servers and hardware, and they pay
only for the resources they consume. On the other hand,
security and lack of access and full control are potential
concerns with cloud server hosting.
2.2.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
1. Node MCU
Node MCU is an open source IOT platform. It includes
firmware which runs on the ESP8266WiFi SoC from
Espressif Systems, and hardware which is based on the ESP-
12 module. Node MCU provides a way to connect different
sensors to their controllers wirelessly via Wi-Fi. Since, it is
an improved version of the ESP8266 it has better and easier
programming, with better voltage stability and more
reliability.
2. Ultrasonic Sensor
An optical sensor has a transmitter and receiver,whereasan
ultrasonic sensor uses a single ultrasonic element for both
emission and reception. In a reflective model ultrasonic
sensor, a single oscillator emits and receives ultrasonic
waves alternately. HC-SR04 is an ultrasonic sensor which is
used for measuring the distance.
3. Jumper Wire
A jump wire is an electrical wire, or group of them in a cable,
with a connector or pin at each end, which is normally used
to interconnect the components of a breadboard or other
prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment
or components, without soldering. Jumper wires are simply
wires that have connector pins at each end, allowingthemto
be used to connect two points to each other without
soldering. Jumper wires are typicallyusedwithbreadboards
and other prototyping tools in order to make it easy to
change a circuit as needed.
4. Breadboard
A thin plastic board used to holdelectroniccomponentssuch
as transistors, resistors, chips, etc. that are wired together.
Used to develop prototypes of electronic circuits, theboards
can be reused for future jobs. Breadboards can also be used
to create one-of-a-kind systems, although commercial
products placed on printed circuit boardsaretypicallymuch
more robust and can handle greater frequencies.
5. USB Cable
USB cables are designed specifically to connect devices that
use the universal serial bus (USB) protocol. They are used to
connect personal computers (PCs) and peripherals such as
mice, keyboards, printers, digital cameras, and massstorage
devices. USB cables are also used in factory environments,
sometimes with a locking mechanism, for connecting USB
industrial I/O devices to computers.

3. SYSTEM DESIGN
3.1 Use Case
There will be one actors for this system and the database
which will store the value coming from ultrasonic sensor.
The Admin is responsible making changes in the dashboard.
This will show how the every module interact with the
system and how modules are interconnected. This diagram
shows user interaction with the system. So use casediagram
is the only way to solve the problem and give better
explanation.
Figure 3.1 Use Case Diagram
3.2 Flow Chart
This diagram shows the actual flow ofsystem.TheIOTbased
garbage monitoring system is a very innovative system
which will help to keep the environment and cities clean.
This system monitors the garbage bins throughout the city
and informs about the level of garbage collected in the
garbage bins to the Admin.
Figure 3.2 Flow Chart Diagram
4. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM
4.1 DESIGN MODULES
1. Sensing: Ultrasonic sensors provide information on an
absolute position of an object.Thishelpsinearlydetectionof
events and enables to take the necessary steps.
2. Monitoring: Along with continuous monitoring of the
sensors, the information should be reported in real time to
the appropriate central server.
3. Control: The monitored data is analyzed in real time and
the optimum control information is determined and
transmitted over networks.
4. Storage & Backup: Rapid, flexibleandaccurateresponses
is desired since the analysis and control information is done
on real time. In accordance with the requirements, the
intelligence of our system is provided by the IOT devices.
Ultrasonic sensors are used in smart bins. The IOT devices
send these data over the wirelessnetworkstotheprocessing
server and this data is used to generate optimum schedules
for waste collection.
5. Smart bins: The waste binsareattachedwithsensorsthat
will sense the filling level of the bin. These bins are attached
with sensors which make them smart. Ultrasonicsensors act
like a radar system and track the amount of garbage in the
bin. These sensors send information and notify the
processing system when a threshold limit is reached, which

enables the processing system to generate an optimized
schedule according to which the smart trucks will collect
waste from these bins.
6. Notification module: This module will send notification
to the contractor and NMC when the garbage level is 80%
above. Then the contractor will send the text message to the
garbage collector (labor) if he is in the same route to collect
the garbage.
5. TESTING
5.1 TYPES OF TESTING
Manual Testing
Manual testing includes testing a software manually, i.e.,
without using any automated tool or any script. In this type,
the tester takes over the role of an end-user and tests the
software to identify any unexpected behavior or bug. There
are different stages for manual testing such as unit testing,
integration testing, system testing, and user acceptance
testing.
Testers use test plans, test cases, or test scenarios to test a
software to ensure the completeness of testing. Manual
testing also includes exploratory testing, as testers explore
the software to identify errors in it.
Following are the testing techniques that are performed
manually during the test life cycle:
• Acceptance Testing
• White Box Testing
• Black Box Testing
• Unit Testing
• System Testing
• Integration Testing
5.2 LEVELS OF TESTING
There are four levels of testing:
1. Unit
2. Integration
3. System
4. Acceptance
1) Unit Testing: In this software testing process where
individual units/components of a software/system are
tested. The purpose is to validate that each unit of the
software performs as designed. And with the help of this
testing we also tested the individual hardwareofthe system.
2) Integration Testing: A level of the software testing
process where individual units and the hardware
components are combined and tested as a group. The
purpose of this level of testing is to expose faults in the
interaction between software and the hardware.
3) System Testing: A level of the software testing process
where a complete, integrated system/softwareistested. The
purpose of this test is to evaluate the system’s compliance
with the specified requirements and produce the required
output.
4) Acceptance Testing: A level of the software testing
process where a system is tested for acceptability. The
purpose of this test is to evaluate the system’s compliance
with the business requirements and assess whether it is
acceptable for delivery.
6. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
6.1 RESULT
In this dashboard which contain the different area ofthecity
and each area contain the number of dustbin and in
dashboard there will also be an admin option. To go to the
admin option there will be a login page. The login page will
only contain the admin ID to login to the page.
Figure 6.1 Dashboard
After that the admin can add the area and alsocanremove or
delete the area from the dashboard. The admin can also add
and delete the dustbin from the table. If the dustbin is not
showing the percent or it is not working then the admin can
easily delete the dustbin from the table.
Each dustbin has its own dustbin ID and location where the
bin is located. This dustbin ID and location are in a table and
it shows the percentage of each dustbin in the table.

Figure 6.2 Tables of Areas
In this database it contain id, filled and percent where ID is
auto-incremented and the filled and percent values are
stored in the column name.
Figure 6.3 Database
6.2 DISCUSSION
The discussion included of proposinga systemthatwould be
used to help to manage and keep the society and the
environment clean. This has various advantages like less
labor work, smart work etc. Thisapplicationcanbelaunched
on larger scale.
And we have use tool and technologies which help use to
develop this system. Hence we have discussed about all the
components and learned that what the component is about
and how it works.
7. APPLICATION AND ADVANTAGES
Advantages:-
•It is the good method to manage waste.
•It is safe and easy to implement.
•Support Digital India.
•Real time based cleaning our cities.
Applications:-
•This project can also be used in the” SMART CITY”.
•This project is also helpful in the government project of
“SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN”.
8. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE
8.1 CONCLUSION
We Design and completed the investigation of complex
problem for our problem statement “IOT Based Smart
Garbage and Waste Collection Bin”. We have applied
Engineering Knowledge for investigation and analyze
societal problem so that it will be beneficial for engineerand
society. We have studied previous work which is related to
our project, we have analyze these work andtrytoovercome
the problems and drawbacks of their work. We make use of
modern tools and technologies for faster and advance
development of the system. During the development of our
project we learned so many things that give us lifelong
learning. We came to importance of each individual and the
whole team also. Team management and coordination isthe
key point for the successful development of the project.
8.2 FUTURE SCOPE
We have successfully completed the project “Smart Garbage
Management”, but, there still room for change.
• Automatic Garbage Fill system helps us to reduce the
pollution. Many times garbage dustbin isoverflowandmany
animals like dog or cow enters inside or near the dustbin.
Also some birds are also trying to take out garbage from
dustbin. This project can avoid such situations.
• And the message can be sent directly to the cleaning
vehicle instead of the contractor’s office. Apart from this,
differentiation can be made between dry trash bin and wet
trash bin collecting plastic dry waste and biodegradable
waste respectively.
• To implement this methane and smell sensors can be used.
This helps in distinguishing the waste at the source and
hence reducing the requirement ofmanpower.Toenhanceit
further, an automated systemcanbedeveloped whichisable
to pick up waste in and around the bin, segregate them and
put them in respective bins.
9. REFERENCES
[1] Dr. K. Alice Mary, Perreddy Monica, A. Apsurrunisa ,
Chathala Sreekanth, G. Pavan Kumar “International Journal
of Scientific & Engineering Research”, Volume 8, Issue 4,
April-2017, ISSN 2229-5518.
[2] BitanBhattacharya, Hariharan Venkitakrishnan, Vinit Kr.
Singh “SMART WASTE MONITORING”.

[3] Ms. Rupa, Ms. Rajni Kumari, Ms. Nisha Bhagchandani,Mr.
Ashish Mathur “IOSR Journal of Engineering” Volume 08,
Issue 5, May 2018, ISSN (e): 2250-3021.
[4] Ashima Bajaj, Sumanth Reddy “International Journal of
Pure and Applied Mathematics” Volume 114, 12 2017, ISSN:
1311-8080.
[5] Gaurav Makde, Ashutosh Bele, Vaibhav Khapekar, Nidhi
Gajarlwar, Sakshi Gajbhiye, Madhuri Dubey “Review on IOT
Based Smart Garbageand WasteCollectionSystem”, Volume:
05 Issue: 09 | Sep 2018, p-ISSN: 2395-0072

IRJET- Implementation of IoT based Smart Garbage and Waste Collection System

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