IRJET- Maximum Power Point Tracking from Pv Panel using Fuzzy Logic Controller
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This document discusses maximizing power point tracking from a photovoltaic (PV) panel using a fuzzy logic controller. A 1.1 kW PV panel and boost converter system is designed. A fuzzy logic controller is used to track the maximum power point from the PV panel in order to improve efficiency. The fuzzy logic controller provides a duty cycle input to the boost converter based on the PV panel voltage to transfer maximum power to the load. Simulation results show the output voltage is maintained at 230V with an average efficiency of 98.5% using this system.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 09 | Sep 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6727
MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING FROM PV PANEL USING FUZZY
LOGIC CONTROLLER
Ms. Chandla Ellis1, Giritharan V I2, Karthikeyan D3 Kamesh J4,D. John Durai5
1Associate Professor, EEE Deapartment, R.M.K. Engineering College, Kavaraipettai, Tamilnadu, India.
2Final year Student, EEE Department, R.M.K. Engineering College, Kavaraipettai, Tamilnadu, India.
3 Final year Student, EEE Department, R.M.K. Engineering College, Kavaraipettai, Tamilnadu, India.
4 Final year Student, EEE Department, R.M.K. Engineering College, Kavaraipettai, Tamilnadu, India.
5Manager Technical Services, SIPA INDIA PVT. LTD, Tamilnadu, India.
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract –Presently, the world is meeting energy crisis due
to population inflation over the period of last few decades and
with the depletion of the energy resources, the demand has
increased eventually to an higher rate. In order to eradicate
this major problem, renewable energy sources are employed
where solar energy extraction plays a vital role in
electrification of cities and towns. However, the efficiency of
the power extraction from panel over a period of time is small
and is about 18%. A mono crystalline Silicon cells are
arranged in series and parallel connection to deliver a desired
power required by load. Thus, maximum power is tracked
using fuzzy logic controller from the PV panel to improve its
efficiency such the peak power is constantly supplied to the
load maintaining constantloadvoltage. Bytracking maximum
power from the panel, increases improves its life expectancy
rate. The usage of fuzzy logic controller under non-linear
condition improves the voltage and power accuracy at the
load side by properly providing duty cycle ratio to the gate
terminal of the boost converter for that particular input
voltage. The open loop control of the converter elucidates the
gain characteristics of the same. By implementing closed loop
technology, the output voltage is maintained at the load side
by transferring maximum power tracked to the load. A 1.1kW
boost converter and PV panel is designed.
Key Words: Boost Converter, Maximum Power-Point
tracking, PV Panel, Fuzzy logic controller.
1.INTRODUCTION
The renewable energy sources are rapidly gets
deployed in an inefficient manner in terms of energy, cost
and power extraction. Thus, the operating period of the
system has to be utilized in a better way than the
conventional procedure ofextractingthepowerdeliveredby
the source. So, the maximum power point tracking is
employed where the peak power is transferred to the load
using various algorithms [1], [3], [4]. [6] and [7]. The PV
array has to be designed in such a way that it must have the
peak power slightly more than the demand power, as it has
supply the losses in the system too [5], [14], [15] and [17].
The boost converter design for the particular PV
source is an important technology and the modelling of the
same is done and to be validated [2], [8], [9] and [12].
Finally, the designed and validated model are interfacedand
the characteristics are studied under open loop and closed
loop condition.
1.1 EXISTING MODEL
The present model which is available in the market
involvestheimplementationofMPPT(MaximumPowerPoint
tracking) algorithms in fuzzy logic controller is time
consuming and largely oscillates between the peak voltage
value and eventually the peak power too oscillates between
the peak value. Moreover, the inputs to the fuzzy system is
error signal and change in error signal, which decides the
change in output duty cycle or actual duty ratio.
1.2 PROPOSED MODEL
The proposed algorithm for power extractionusingfuzzy
logic controller is less time consuming when compared to
the existing model that is currently available. Besides, the
proposed algorithm makes the output voltage and power
makes the oscillation damped and settle to a particular peak
voltage and power at the load side withinminimal amountof
time interval. The duty cycle designed using the algorithm is
more accurate with the error range of ±0.4%.
2. DESIGN OF PV SYSTEM
A 1.1 kW PV panel is designed to supply the peak power to
the load. Being pv panel a current source, the number of
series cells and parallel cells are designed to be 60 and 4
respectively.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v6i3720-190913102103/85/IRJET-Maximum-Power-Point-Tracking-from-Pv-Panel-using-Fuzzy-Logic-Controller-1-320.jpg){kind=tracking}
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 09 | Sep 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6728
Table -1: PV System Design
Design of PV Module
Series cells number Ns 60
Parallel connected cells Np 4
Short Circuit current Iscr 29 A
Reference Temperature 25 0C
Open circuit voltage 36.83 V
Table – 1 shows the design metrics for the PVpaneltodeliver
peak power of 1.1 kW to the load. Figure 2.1 shows the I-V
and P-V typical characteristics of the PV panel and the peak
power delivered to be 1.1 kW at 30V and 16.5 A.
Fig-2.1: Typical I-V and P-V curves for PV panel for
different irradiations.
Fig-2.2: Typical I-V and P-V curves for PV panel for
different temperature
The efficiency of PV Panel is given by the following formula,
Efficiency = Vmp*Imp/(Voc*Iscr)
The output current from the PV source is given by the
following expression:
I = Iph –Io.* exp((V+I.Rs )/Vt -1) +-[ (V+I.Rs)/Rp]
Where Iph is the photo current
V is the output voltage
Rs and Rp is series and parallel resistances.
3. FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER
Fuzzy logic controller is a popular method of
tracking maximum power from the PV array during non-
linear and uncertain input conditions. Thus it is well suited
for installation in PV application for transferring maximum
power to the load. The input to the fuzzy controller is voltage
value and the output is duty cycle.Thefurtherapproximation
is achieved using the samefuzzycontrollerlogic.Thus,highly
efficient system is designed for duty cycle input to the
converter for particular input voltage.
The Membership function representation of input and
output parameters are designated and it is shown in fig-2.3
and 2.4.
Fig-2.3 : Membership represntation of the input
parameters
Fig-2.4 : Membership represntation of the input
parameters
NB NS Z PS PB
NB PB PB PB NB NB
NS PS PB PS NS NS
Z PB Z Z NS NB
PS Z PS NS NS NB
PB PB PS NS NB NB
Table – 1: Fuzzy Logic Diagram
Table 1 shows the fuzzy logic diagram for the
calaculation of output duty ratio. The duty ratio are in the
range of 0.8 to 0.92 and it is arranged in ascending order.
Suppose that the input voltage in NB, then the duty cycle
should be in PB.
4. BOOST CONVERTER DESIGN
A 1.1 kW boost converter is designed and the
metrics designed is tabulated as shown in thetable2.Fig-2.1
shows the basic circuit model of the boost converter.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v6i3720-190913102103/85/IRJET-Maximum-Power-Point-Tracking-from-Pv-Panel-using-Fuzzy-Logic-Controller-2-320.jpg){kind=tracking}
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 09 | Sep 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6730
the efficiency plot of the system with an average efficiency
of 98.5%.
Fig-6.3: Efficiency Vs time
7. CONCLUSION
The proposed model of the systemisdesignedusing
fuzzy logic controller and is validated. The efficiency of the
system performanceisaveragedaround98.5% withthetime
consumption reduced to around 96%. By implementing the
concept, the output voltage is reliable and certain even for
non-linear and uncertain input conditions. With the aid of
proposed algorithm, the output voltage is maintainedat230
Volts with error of ±0.4 V. This model is only applicable to
the input voltage range of 20 V to 50 V to the boost
converter.
8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude and
indebtedness to Ms. Chandla Ellis, Associate Professor,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,R.M.K
Engineering College, for introducing the present topic and
for their inspiring guidance, constructive criticism and
valuable suggestion throughout this project work.
Our sincere thanks to all our friends who have patiently
extended all sorts ofhelpforaccomplishingthisundertaking.
9. REFERENCES
[1] I.H Atlas, A.M Sharaf, "A photovoltaic Array Simulation
Model for Matlab- Simulink GUI Environment”, Process.
of IEEE International Conference on Clean Electrical
Power, ICCEP 2007, Capri, Italy.
[2] Jesus Leyva-Ramos, Member, IEEE, and Jorge Alberto
Morales-Saldana," A designcriteria forthecurrentgain
in Current Programmed Regulators", IEEE
Transactions on industrial electronics, Vol. 45, No. 4,
August 1998.
[3] K.H. Hussein, I. Muta, T. Hoshino, M. Osakada,
"Maximum photovoltaic power tracking: an algorithm
for rapidly changing atmospheric conditions", IEE
Proc.- Gener. Trans. Distrib., Vol. 142,No. 1, January
1995.
[4] Md. Rabiul Islam, Youguang Guo, Jian Guo Zhu, M.G
Rabbani, "Simulation of PV Array Characteristics and
Fabrication of MicrocontrollerBasedMPPT",Facultyof
Engineering and Information technology,Universityof
Technology Sydney, Australia, 6th International
Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering
ICECE 2010, 18-20 December 2010, Dhaka,
Bangladesh.
[5] W. Xiao, W. G. Dunford, and A. Capel,“Anovel modeling
method for photovoltaic cells”, in Proc. IEEE 35th
Annu. Power Electron. Spec. Conf. (PESC), 2004, vol. 3,
pp. 1950–1956.
[6] IEEE Standard Definitions of TermsforSolarCells,1969.
[7] Oliva Mah NSPRI, "Fundamentals of Photovoltaic
Materials", National Solar power institute, Inc.
12/21/98.
[8] Muhammad H. Rashid, “Power Electronics Circuits,
Devices and Applications”, Third Edition.
[9] Modelling and Control design for DC-DC converter,
Power Management group, AVLSI Lab, IIT-Kharagpur.
[10] Nielsen, R. 2005, 'Solar Radiation',
http://home.iprimus.com.au/nielsens/
[11] www.earthscan.co.uk/Portals/
[12] Application of non-conventional & renewable energy
sources, Bureau of Energy Efficiency.
[13] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power
[14] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system
[15] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel
[16] http://www.blueplanet-energy.com/images/solar/PV-
cell-module-array.gif/
[17] http://www.rids-
nepal.org/index.php/Solar_Photo_Voltaic.html](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v6i3720-190913102103/85/IRJET-Maximum-Power-Point-Tracking-from-Pv-Panel-using-Fuzzy-Logic-Controller-4-320.jpg){kind=tracking}
IRJET- Maximum Power Point Tracking from Pv Panel using Fuzzy Logic Controller
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 09 | Sep 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6727 MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING FROM PV PANEL USING FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER Ms. Chandla Ellis1, Giritharan V I2, Karthikeyan D3 Kamesh J4,D. John Durai5 1Associate Professor, EEE Deapartment, R.M.K. Engineering College, Kavaraipettai, Tamilnadu, India. 2Final year Student, EEE Department, R.M.K. Engineering College, Kavaraipettai, Tamilnadu, India. 3 Final year Student, EEE Department, R.M.K. Engineering College, Kavaraipettai, Tamilnadu, India. 4 Final year Student, EEE Department, R.M.K. Engineering College, Kavaraipettai, Tamilnadu, India. 5Manager Technical Services, SIPA INDIA PVT. LTD, Tamilnadu, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract –Presently, the world is meeting energy crisis due to population inflation over the period of last few decades and with the depletion of the energy resources, the demand has increased eventually to an higher rate. In order to eradicate this major problem, renewable energy sources are employed where solar energy extraction plays a vital role in electrification of cities and towns. However, the efficiency of the power extraction from panel over a period of time is small and is about 18%. A mono crystalline Silicon cells are arranged in series and parallel connection to deliver a desired power required by load. Thus, maximum power is tracked using fuzzy logic controller from the PV panel to improve its efficiency such the peak power is constantly supplied to the load maintaining constantloadvoltage. Bytracking maximum power from the panel, increases improves its life expectancy rate. The usage of fuzzy logic controller under non-linear condition improves the voltage and power accuracy at the load side by properly providing duty cycle ratio to the gate terminal of the boost converter for that particular input voltage. The open loop control of the converter elucidates the gain characteristics of the same. By implementing closed loop technology, the output voltage is maintained at the load side by transferring maximum power tracked to the load. A 1.1kW boost converter and PV panel is designed. Key Words: Boost Converter, Maximum Power-Point tracking, PV Panel, Fuzzy logic controller. 1.INTRODUCTION The renewable energy sources are rapidly gets deployed in an inefficient manner in terms of energy, cost and power extraction. Thus, the operating period of the system has to be utilized in a better way than the conventional procedure ofextractingthepowerdeliveredby the source. So, the maximum power point tracking is employed where the peak power is transferred to the load using various algorithms [1], [3], [4]. [6] and [7]. The PV array has to be designed in such a way that it must have the peak power slightly more than the demand power, as it has supply the losses in the system too [5], [14], [15] and [17]. The boost converter design for the particular PV source is an important technology and the modelling of the same is done and to be validated [2], [8], [9] and [12]. Finally, the designed and validated model are interfacedand the characteristics are studied under open loop and closed loop condition. 1.1 EXISTING MODEL The present model which is available in the market involvestheimplementationofMPPT(MaximumPowerPoint tracking) algorithms in fuzzy logic controller is time consuming and largely oscillates between the peak voltage value and eventually the peak power too oscillates between the peak value. Moreover, the inputs to the fuzzy system is error signal and change in error signal, which decides the change in output duty cycle or actual duty ratio. 1.2 PROPOSED MODEL The proposed algorithm for power extractionusingfuzzy logic controller is less time consuming when compared to the existing model that is currently available. Besides, the proposed algorithm makes the output voltage and power makes the oscillation damped and settle to a particular peak voltage and power at the load side withinminimal amountof time interval. The duty cycle designed using the algorithm is more accurate with the error range of ±0.4%. 2. DESIGN OF PV SYSTEM A 1.1 kW PV panel is designed to supply the peak power to the load. Being pv panel a current source, the number of series cells and parallel cells are designed to be 60 and 4 respectively.
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 09 | Sep 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6728 Table -1: PV System Design Design of PV Module Series cells number Ns 60 Parallel connected cells Np 4 Short Circuit current Iscr 29 A Reference Temperature 25 0C Open circuit voltage 36.83 V Table – 1 shows the design metrics for the PVpaneltodeliver peak power of 1.1 kW to the load. Figure 2.1 shows the I-V and P-V typical characteristics of the PV panel and the peak power delivered to be 1.1 kW at 30V and 16.5 A. Fig-2.1: Typical I-V and P-V curves for PV panel for different irradiations. Fig-2.2: Typical I-V and P-V curves for PV panel for different temperature The efficiency of PV Panel is given by the following formula, Efficiency = Vmp*Imp/(Voc*Iscr) The output current from the PV source is given by the following expression: I = Iph –Io.* exp((V+I.Rs )/Vt -1) +-[ (V+I.Rs)/Rp] Where Iph is the photo current V is the output voltage Rs and Rp is series and parallel resistances. 3. FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER Fuzzy logic controller is a popular method of tracking maximum power from the PV array during non- linear and uncertain input conditions. Thus it is well suited for installation in PV application for transferring maximum power to the load. The input to the fuzzy controller is voltage value and the output is duty cycle.Thefurtherapproximation is achieved using the samefuzzycontrollerlogic.Thus,highly efficient system is designed for duty cycle input to the converter for particular input voltage. The Membership function representation of input and output parameters are designated and it is shown in fig-2.3 and 2.4. Fig-2.3 : Membership represntation of the input parameters Fig-2.4 : Membership represntation of the input parameters NB NS Z PS PB NB PB PB PB NB NB NS PS PB PS NS NS Z PB Z Z NS NB PS Z PS NS NS NB PB PB PS NS NB NB Table – 1: Fuzzy Logic Diagram Table 1 shows the fuzzy logic diagram for the calaculation of output duty ratio. The duty ratio are in the range of 0.8 to 0.92 and it is arranged in ascending order. Suppose that the input voltage in NB, then the duty cycle should be in PB. 4. BOOST CONVERTER DESIGN A 1.1 kW boost converter is designed and the metrics designed is tabulated as shown in thetable2.Fig-2.1 shows the basic circuit model of the boost converter.
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 09 | Sep 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6729 Fig-3.1 Boost converter circuit diagram Fig-3.2 shows the typical waveforms of the boost converter for the designed specifications. Fig-3.2: Boost Converter typical waveforms Parameters Values Inductance L 0.0296 H Capacitance C 1.5 e-5 F Resistance R 55 ohms Table -2 : Boost converter design parameters The open loopperformance oftheboostconverteris validated and in order to maintain the voltage and transfer the peak power to the load side, the feedback controller is implemented. The closed loop path technology in boost converter is fulfilled by the employment of fuzzy logic controller. 5. INTERFACING PV SOURCE WITH BOOST CONVERTER The pvsource output terminals isconnectedto the boost converter via a coupling capacitor of 100 micro farad. This capacitor is necessary as the pv source is a current source and the boost converter input to be fedfromvoltagesource.Thus,thiscapacitor plays a vital role in pushing the power to the boost converter from PV source. Fig 5.1 shows the interface diagram of the pv source with the boost converter. Fig-5.1: PV interface with the boost converter The employment of the LC filter in the boost converter reduces the ripple voltage percent from 5% to 2.3%. Thus by varying the resistive load at the output side, maximum power is transferred from source to the load. 6. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Fig 6.1: output current Vs time Fig 6.2: output Voltage Vs time From figures 6.1 and 6.2, it is clearly shown that the output voltage and the current is maintained 230 V and 4.56 A respectively. Thus 1.08 kW of peak power is transferred from the source to the load. Figure 6.3 shows
- 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 09 | Sep 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6730 the efficiency plot of the system with an average efficiency of 98.5%. Fig-6.3: Efficiency Vs time 7. CONCLUSION The proposed model of the systemisdesignedusing fuzzy logic controller and is validated. The efficiency of the system performanceisaveragedaround98.5% withthetime consumption reduced to around 96%. By implementing the concept, the output voltage is reliable and certain even for non-linear and uncertain input conditions. With the aid of proposed algorithm, the output voltage is maintainedat230 Volts with error of ±0.4 V. This model is only applicable to the input voltage range of 20 V to 50 V to the boost converter. 8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to Ms. Chandla Ellis, Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,R.M.K Engineering College, for introducing the present topic and for their inspiring guidance, constructive criticism and valuable suggestion throughout this project work. Our sincere thanks to all our friends who have patiently extended all sorts ofhelpforaccomplishingthisundertaking. 9. REFERENCES [1] I.H Atlas, A.M Sharaf, "A photovoltaic Array Simulation Model for Matlab- Simulink GUI Environment”, Process. of IEEE International Conference on Clean Electrical Power, ICCEP 2007, Capri, Italy. [2] Jesus Leyva-Ramos, Member, IEEE, and Jorge Alberto Morales-Saldana," A designcriteria forthecurrentgain in Current Programmed Regulators", IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, Vol. 45, No. 4, August 1998. [3] K.H. Hussein, I. Muta, T. Hoshino, M. Osakada, "Maximum photovoltaic power tracking: an algorithm for rapidly changing atmospheric conditions", IEE Proc.- Gener. Trans. Distrib., Vol. 142,No. 1, January 1995. [4] Md. Rabiul Islam, Youguang Guo, Jian Guo Zhu, M.G Rabbani, "Simulation of PV Array Characteristics and Fabrication of MicrocontrollerBasedMPPT",Facultyof Engineering and Information technology,Universityof Technology Sydney, Australia, 6th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering ICECE 2010, 18-20 December 2010, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [5] W. Xiao, W. G. Dunford, and A. Capel,“Anovel modeling method for photovoltaic cells”, in Proc. IEEE 35th Annu. Power Electron. Spec. Conf. (PESC), 2004, vol. 3, pp. 1950–1956. [6] IEEE Standard Definitions of TermsforSolarCells,1969. [7] Oliva Mah NSPRI, "Fundamentals of Photovoltaic Materials", National Solar power institute, Inc. 12/21/98. [8] Muhammad H. Rashid, “Power Electronics Circuits, Devices and Applications”, Third Edition. [9] Modelling and Control design for DC-DC converter, Power Management group, AVLSI Lab, IIT-Kharagpur. [10] Nielsen, R. 2005, 'Solar Radiation', http://home.iprimus.com.au/nielsens/ [11] www.earthscan.co.uk/Portals/ [12] Application of non-conventional & renewable energy sources, Bureau of Energy Efficiency. [13] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power [14] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system [15] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel [16] http://www.blueplanet-energy.com/images/solar/PV- cell-module-array.gif/ [17] http://www.rids- nepal.org/index.php/Solar_Photo_Voltaic.html