IRJET- Performance Analysis of IP Over Optical CDMA System based on RD Code
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This document presents a performance analysis of an IP over optical CDMA network system based on a random diagonal (RD) code. It proposes using spectral amplitude coding OCDMA to directly connect the IP layer to the optical layer, eliminating intermediate layers and reducing overhead. The system architecture, design steps, and simulation setup are described. Simulation results using OptiSystem show that bit error rate increases with the number of simultaneous users and data transmission capacity decreases with transmission distance as expected. The RD code OCDMA system provides a potential solution for next-generation networks by enabling intelligent functions and advanced services at the optical layer.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 862
Performance Analysis of IP over Optical CDMA system Based on RD
code
Dr. Ammar D.Jasim
Lecturer, dep. Of ICE, College of IEC Alnahrain University
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract— this paper presents the architecture of the
network of the NGT infrastructure (i.e, IP-OCDMA
architecture), tested and presented the features and
characteristic of the common models based on Spectral
amplitude coding (SAC)optical CDMAsystem.Therefore; the
suggested system present a powerful solution for
achievement the placing of intelligent in optical and
electrical layer which present a real big problem for many
Operators. Moreover, in this suggested system the most
advanced services can be used at the end user customers.
The internet working models described in this paper is
based on optical CDMA are powerful example that emerging
optical layerintelligencebringstonext-generationnetworks.
Keyword: OCDMA, RD, NGT, WDM, and SDH
1. Introduction
The fast progress in the telecommunicationapplicationsleds
to looking for a technique that provides fast transmition
capacity within sharing media, Optical CDMA considers one
of the important technology for future demands [1].
.However, to make the management as simple as possible
and minimize the cost, overhead of the signaling, and
control, the present work focus on a solution that make a
direct connection between the IP layerandtheoptical CDMA
layer. The main idea for such integration is that the clients
(like, routers of IP/MLPS) and optical core are connected
directly over a well-known routing interface named (UNI).
The optical fiber used to connect the OCXs included in the
optical core network in a general mesh topology that can
interact the well-defined signaling with routing interface
named as the network-network interface(NNI).Asdiscussed
in other published papers [4] MPLS and G-MPLS are the
drifts for the integration structure between IP and optical
layers. However, these models are Overlay model, Peer
Model and Augmented model which have been presented in
[7]. Based on the previously published papers [5-8], the
current implementations of optical technologies (WDM) are
usually based on SONET/SDH and ATM, which plays as an
interface to higher layers. The huge applications of Internet
are based on Internet Protocol (IP) are making IP the
dominant protocol, to which all communication network
technology converges. The solution for communication
networks will become IP over optical CDMA. The IP will
become the convergence layer; Optical CDMA is and IP
interface unit shall be the high-bandwidth carrier. A lot of
researchers focuses on SAC codes on thier research [5,6]
while in this paper we proposed RD code as prime code [9-
10] to simulate the IP over optical CDMAwiththosecodes.In
section II, we present IP over optical CDMA system. The
design steps and system scheme of the suggestedsystemare
present in section III and section IV shows the conclusion.
2. IP OVER OPTICAL CDMA
As seen in Figure 1, WDM adaptation layer was the first step
introduced towards faster networks to the traditional SDH
approach. This new layer would manage. WDM channel.and
provide. some level. of protection. recovery. This
IP/ATM/SDH based solution configures an overlay model
network (CLIP, MPOA), and carries a significant overhead
due to the four framing layers and extra management
burden. Using Packet. over .SONET (POS), based in
IP./PPP./HDLC into SDH framing some overhead is
eliminated [7]. The use of Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)
reduces even more this overhead since GFP uses a more
efficient framing technique than HDLC, and less errorprone.
In this solution IP runs over Ethernet or PPP. Traffic
adaptation mechanisms suchasATM,HDLCorGFPshapethe
traffic to the SDH layer. GFP and Ethernet (i.e. Gigabit
Ethernet) can also run over fiber directly. So it is possible to
eliminate SDH framing, and reduce even more the overhead.
This solution is not yet widely implemented in existing
communications infrastructures based in Sonet/SDH, but
with the standardization of the both protocols it has the
potential to become dominant,foritssimplicityandlowcost.
Once eliminating SDH framing it is possible to maintain GFP
and Ethernet to assure the framing. Functions such as
protection/recovery, if needed can be implementedatWDM
optical layer. But, as Ethernet supports fiber directly it is
possible to use direct GMPLS. This is the lighter and more
flexible approach since a direct framing without monitoring
is used, expensive synchronizations. Provisioning and
survivability actions can be taken by GMPLS. For carrier
class reliability an optional framing/monitoring sub-layer
can be used.
The proof-of- principle setup shows in Figure 2 for the
suggested scheme. The proposed system is based on the
previously published paper at [5]. The work presentedin[5]
has been assumed coherent optical CDMA; whereas our
Figure1 IP over WDM system](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v5i8149-180918064310/85/IRJET-Performance-Analysis-of-IP-Over-Optical-CDMA-System-based-on-RD-Code-1-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 863
proposed system is based on incoherent SAC technique
utilizing the RD code presented in [7]. For the proposed
system shown in Fig 2, the transmitter side recognized the
upcoming IP based on the destination for packet. The buffer
structure contains K- number for user could be
accommodated by the system and allocated in the router.
The buffer is used to ensure that all IP’s have been
transmitted at the same time. and. at a high.speed.However,
once the total packetreacheslowthresholdlevel (predefined
time passes), then the SAC encoder. adjusted for. number of
packets. belonged to k-th user instead of tuned for every
incoming. IP packet individually, . which means .that the
adjusting time is. significantly reduced. We can define many
parameters to calculate network performance, with many
connection resolution schemes. This show the network
utilization, reliability, latency, and physical impairments to
the signal. The optical CDMA network throughput is defined
as:
Optical CDMA network transmission capacity (k) =(total no.
Link) × (no. of SAC channels) × (bit rate)
Also, we can define the average optical CDMA transmission
capacity as:
Optical CDMA Average capacity per distance (S) = (k ×
simulation time)/ ideal average hop distance
Then, the overall throughput capacity of optical CDMA
network =
Total number of bits detected successfully/ S
(a)
MUX SPLITTER
FIBER
TRANSMISSION SECTION OUTSIDE
PLANT
RECEIVER SECTION
DECODER 1
RECEIVER 1
DECODER 4
RECEIVER 4
DECODER 2
RECEIVER 2
EXTERNAL
MODULATOR FILTER
PIN
PHOTODIODE
BER ANALYZERSPLITTER
OPTICAL
SOURCE
COMBINER
E
E
ENCODER1
ENCODER
DATA
DATA 2
2
1
E
E
ENCODER3
ENCODER
DATA 3
DATA4
4
Up to 4 Channel
Up to 4 Channel
OLTs
ONUs
(b)
Figure2 Proposed scheme (OCDMA: Optical CDMA); a)
System Model; b) simulation setup.
The following equations for the RD code shows the BER and
SNR [7]
82
1 SNR
erfcBER (2)
OptiSystem Version 9.0 simulation software is used to find
the performance of the suggested system. In this simulation
0.8 nm. spectral. width for each .chip has. been used. The
simulation implemented for a distance of20-kmwith rateof
622Mbps with standard ITU-T G.652 single mode optical
fiber. To. set the. Simulation. envuiroment to be close to. the
real. environment as possible all the parameters were
operated and specified according to the typical industry
values. By referring .to the. bit-error rate. (BER) .the
performances. of the system were characterized. Thedetails
design of SAC-optical CDMA utilizing RD. code .system is
based on the previously published paper at [8]. Figure 3
shows the relationship between the numbers of
simultaneous users (Homes) and different data rates values
(622 Mbps, 2.5 Gbps, 5 Gbps, and10Gbps).MAIisconsidered
the dominate noise in an FTTH system as the number of
active users increased. Also as the data rate increased (from
622 Mbps to 10 Gpbs) the received signal becomes more
applied to the effect of dispersion on that low data rate.
Avoiding crosstalk interference is possible by using an
external switch [8]. The performance of the optical CDMA
system using the RD code can become worse when the
.number .of active. users. (homes) . increases. the power ofv
the received signal and the transmissiondistanceforvarious
values of input power relationship shows in Fig.4 . Asshown
in this figure the output power decreaseswiththeincreasing
distance. For example, at 0 dBm the received power are -
27dBm, -32.3 dBm for fiber lengths 10 km and 30 km
individually. Note that changing data rates have no
significant changing in the output
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
-20
10
-15
10
-10
10
-5
10
0
Number of users (Homes)
BER
622 Mbps 2.5 Gbps 5Gbps 10Gbps
Figure3 BER. vs. number .of users for the suggested
scheme.
(1)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v5i8149-180918064310/85/IRJET-Performance-Analysis-of-IP-Over-Optical-CDMA-System-based-on-RD-Code-2-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 864
Figure4 Received . power against transmit power for the
proposed scheme.
III- CONCLUSION
The prevalence of optical CDMA spectral. –amplitude. –
coding. is distinct because its light source. requirement. is
not firm and its simple to implement FBGs encoder/
decoder. The NGT infrastructure (i.e, IP- OCDMA network
architecture) have been present in this paper,check out the
features and characteristic of the general models based on
SAC-OCDMA system. Nowady the network operators
optimize the difficult customer services to the end users
customers in order to optimize the network resources and
overcome the problem of explotingtheresidentofintelligent
in electrical or optical layers.
REFERENCES
[1] Ghani, N. ., Dixit, S., Wang, . T., On. IP-over.-WDM
Integration., IEEE. communications. Magazine, .
March .2000.
[2] M. Massoud. et al” IP .Routing. and traffic .analysis
.in coherent optical. CDMA. networks” IEEE .journal
.of lightwave. technology. vol.27, . no.10 2009.
[3] K. Kitayam, . et al” . Architectural. considerations.
for photonic. IP route. based .on upon optical
correlation,” J. lightwave. technology vol.18, no.12,
pp1834-1844, 2000
[4] S. sun .et al., “performance. analysis. of a new
.random diagonal access protocol for OCDMA
networks” photon Netw. . Commun.,.vol.25, no.10,.
pp.89-95,2007
[5] M. . Meenakshi et al., “code. based. all optical
.routing. using two level .coding”.J.Lightw..technol.,
vol.24., no.4, pp.1627-1637, . 2006
[6] V. J. Hernandez, et al., . “Spectra.l phase-encoded
time-spreading (SPECTS) optical code-division
multiple access forterabit.optical accessnetworks,”
J. Lightwave Technol. 22, 2671-2679 (2005).
[7] Gerd keiser “Optical Communication Essentials “
MiGraw-Hill networking USA,2003
[8] P.S.André, J.L.Pinto, A.N. Pinto, T. Almeida,
“Performance Degradations due to crosstalk in
Multiwavelength Optical Networks Using Optical
Add Drop Multiplexers Based on Fiber Bragg
Gratings”, Revista do DETUA, Vol.3, no. 2, pp. 85-90,
Setembro 2000.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v5i8149-180918064310/85/IRJET-Performance-Analysis-of-IP-Over-Optical-CDMA-System-based-on-RD-Code-3-320.jpg)
IRJET- Performance Analysis of IP Over Optical CDMA System based on RD Code
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 862 Performance Analysis of IP over Optical CDMA system Based on RD code Dr. Ammar D.Jasim Lecturer, dep. Of ICE, College of IEC Alnahrain University ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract— this paper presents the architecture of the network of the NGT infrastructure (i.e, IP-OCDMA architecture), tested and presented the features and characteristic of the common models based on Spectral amplitude coding (SAC)optical CDMAsystem.Therefore; the suggested system present a powerful solution for achievement the placing of intelligent in optical and electrical layer which present a real big problem for many Operators. Moreover, in this suggested system the most advanced services can be used at the end user customers. The internet working models described in this paper is based on optical CDMA are powerful example that emerging optical layerintelligencebringstonext-generationnetworks. Keyword: OCDMA, RD, NGT, WDM, and SDH 1. Introduction The fast progress in the telecommunicationapplicationsleds to looking for a technique that provides fast transmition capacity within sharing media, Optical CDMA considers one of the important technology for future demands [1]. .However, to make the management as simple as possible and minimize the cost, overhead of the signaling, and control, the present work focus on a solution that make a direct connection between the IP layerandtheoptical CDMA layer. The main idea for such integration is that the clients (like, routers of IP/MLPS) and optical core are connected directly over a well-known routing interface named (UNI). The optical fiber used to connect the OCXs included in the optical core network in a general mesh topology that can interact the well-defined signaling with routing interface named as the network-network interface(NNI).Asdiscussed in other published papers [4] MPLS and G-MPLS are the drifts for the integration structure between IP and optical layers. However, these models are Overlay model, Peer Model and Augmented model which have been presented in [7]. Based on the previously published papers [5-8], the current implementations of optical technologies (WDM) are usually based on SONET/SDH and ATM, which plays as an interface to higher layers. The huge applications of Internet are based on Internet Protocol (IP) are making IP the dominant protocol, to which all communication network technology converges. The solution for communication networks will become IP over optical CDMA. The IP will become the convergence layer; Optical CDMA is and IP interface unit shall be the high-bandwidth carrier. A lot of researchers focuses on SAC codes on thier research [5,6] while in this paper we proposed RD code as prime code [9- 10] to simulate the IP over optical CDMAwiththosecodes.In section II, we present IP over optical CDMA system. The design steps and system scheme of the suggestedsystemare present in section III and section IV shows the conclusion. 2. IP OVER OPTICAL CDMA As seen in Figure 1, WDM adaptation layer was the first step introduced towards faster networks to the traditional SDH approach. This new layer would manage. WDM channel.and provide. some level. of protection. recovery. This IP/ATM/SDH based solution configures an overlay model network (CLIP, MPOA), and carries a significant overhead due to the four framing layers and extra management burden. Using Packet. over .SONET (POS), based in IP./PPP./HDLC into SDH framing some overhead is eliminated [7]. The use of Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) reduces even more this overhead since GFP uses a more efficient framing technique than HDLC, and less errorprone. In this solution IP runs over Ethernet or PPP. Traffic adaptation mechanisms suchasATM,HDLCorGFPshapethe traffic to the SDH layer. GFP and Ethernet (i.e. Gigabit Ethernet) can also run over fiber directly. So it is possible to eliminate SDH framing, and reduce even more the overhead. This solution is not yet widely implemented in existing communications infrastructures based in Sonet/SDH, but with the standardization of the both protocols it has the potential to become dominant,foritssimplicityandlowcost. Once eliminating SDH framing it is possible to maintain GFP and Ethernet to assure the framing. Functions such as protection/recovery, if needed can be implementedatWDM optical layer. But, as Ethernet supports fiber directly it is possible to use direct GMPLS. This is the lighter and more flexible approach since a direct framing without monitoring is used, expensive synchronizations. Provisioning and survivability actions can be taken by GMPLS. For carrier class reliability an optional framing/monitoring sub-layer can be used. The proof-of- principle setup shows in Figure 2 for the suggested scheme. The proposed system is based on the previously published paper at [5]. The work presentedin[5] has been assumed coherent optical CDMA; whereas our Figure1 IP over WDM system
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 863 proposed system is based on incoherent SAC technique utilizing the RD code presented in [7]. For the proposed system shown in Fig 2, the transmitter side recognized the upcoming IP based on the destination for packet. The buffer structure contains K- number for user could be accommodated by the system and allocated in the router. The buffer is used to ensure that all IP’s have been transmitted at the same time. and. at a high.speed.However, once the total packetreacheslowthresholdlevel (predefined time passes), then the SAC encoder. adjusted for. number of packets. belonged to k-th user instead of tuned for every incoming. IP packet individually, . which means .that the adjusting time is. significantly reduced. We can define many parameters to calculate network performance, with many connection resolution schemes. This show the network utilization, reliability, latency, and physical impairments to the signal. The optical CDMA network throughput is defined as: Optical CDMA network transmission capacity (k) =(total no. Link) × (no. of SAC channels) × (bit rate) Also, we can define the average optical CDMA transmission capacity as: Optical CDMA Average capacity per distance (S) = (k × simulation time)/ ideal average hop distance Then, the overall throughput capacity of optical CDMA network = Total number of bits detected successfully/ S (a) MUX SPLITTER FIBER TRANSMISSION SECTION OUTSIDE PLANT RECEIVER SECTION DECODER 1 RECEIVER 1 DECODER 4 RECEIVER 4 DECODER 2 RECEIVER 2 EXTERNAL MODULATOR FILTER PIN PHOTODIODE BER ANALYZERSPLITTER OPTICAL SOURCE COMBINER E E ENCODER1 ENCODER DATA DATA 2 2 1 E E ENCODER3 ENCODER DATA 3 DATA4 4 Up to 4 Channel Up to 4 Channel OLTs ONUs (b) Figure2 Proposed scheme (OCDMA: Optical CDMA); a) System Model; b) simulation setup. The following equations for the RD code shows the BER and SNR [7] 82 1 SNR erfcBER (2) OptiSystem Version 9.0 simulation software is used to find the performance of the suggested system. In this simulation 0.8 nm. spectral. width for each .chip has. been used. The simulation implemented for a distance of20-kmwith rateof 622Mbps with standard ITU-T G.652 single mode optical fiber. To. set the. Simulation. envuiroment to be close to. the real. environment as possible all the parameters were operated and specified according to the typical industry values. By referring .to the. bit-error rate. (BER) .the performances. of the system were characterized. Thedetails design of SAC-optical CDMA utilizing RD. code .system is based on the previously published paper at [8]. Figure 3 shows the relationship between the numbers of simultaneous users (Homes) and different data rates values (622 Mbps, 2.5 Gbps, 5 Gbps, and10Gbps).MAIisconsidered the dominate noise in an FTTH system as the number of active users increased. Also as the data rate increased (from 622 Mbps to 10 Gpbs) the received signal becomes more applied to the effect of dispersion on that low data rate. Avoiding crosstalk interference is possible by using an external switch [8]. The performance of the optical CDMA system using the RD code can become worse when the .number .of active. users. (homes) . increases. the power ofv the received signal and the transmissiondistanceforvarious values of input power relationship shows in Fig.4 . Asshown in this figure the output power decreaseswiththeincreasing distance. For example, at 0 dBm the received power are - 27dBm, -32.3 dBm for fiber lengths 10 km and 30 km individually. Note that changing data rates have no significant changing in the output 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -20 10 -15 10 -10 10 -5 10 0 Number of users (Homes) BER 622 Mbps 2.5 Gbps 5Gbps 10Gbps Figure3 BER. vs. number .of users for the suggested scheme. (1)
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 864 Figure4 Received . power against transmit power for the proposed scheme. III- CONCLUSION The prevalence of optical CDMA spectral. –amplitude. – coding. is distinct because its light source. requirement. is not firm and its simple to implement FBGs encoder/ decoder. The NGT infrastructure (i.e, IP- OCDMA network architecture) have been present in this paper,check out the features and characteristic of the general models based on SAC-OCDMA system. Nowady the network operators optimize the difficult customer services to the end users customers in order to optimize the network resources and overcome the problem of explotingtheresidentofintelligent in electrical or optical layers. REFERENCES [1] Ghani, N. ., Dixit, S., Wang, . T., On. IP-over.-WDM Integration., IEEE. communications. Magazine, . March .2000. [2] M. Massoud. et al” IP .Routing. and traffic .analysis .in coherent optical. CDMA. networks” IEEE .journal .of lightwave. technology. vol.27, . no.10 2009. [3] K. Kitayam, . et al” . Architectural. considerations. for photonic. IP route. based .on upon optical correlation,” J. lightwave. technology vol.18, no.12, pp1834-1844, 2000 [4] S. sun .et al., “performance. analysis. of a new .random diagonal access protocol for OCDMA networks” photon Netw. . Commun.,.vol.25, no.10,. pp.89-95,2007 [5] M. . Meenakshi et al., “code. based. all optical .routing. using two level .coding”.J.Lightw..technol., vol.24., no.4, pp.1627-1637, . 2006 [6] V. J. Hernandez, et al., . “Spectra.l phase-encoded time-spreading (SPECTS) optical code-division multiple access forterabit.optical accessnetworks,” J. Lightwave Technol. 22, 2671-2679 (2005). [7] Gerd keiser “Optical Communication Essentials “ MiGraw-Hill networking USA,2003 [8] P.S.André, J.L.Pinto, A.N. Pinto, T. Almeida, “Performance Degradations due to crosstalk in Multiwavelength Optical Networks Using Optical Add Drop Multiplexers Based on Fiber Bragg Gratings”, Revista do DETUA, Vol.3, no. 2, pp. 85-90, Setembro 2000.