IRJET - Smart Overhead Transmission Line Physical Fault Detection by IoT

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2259
SMART OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINE PHYSICAL FAULT DETECTION
BY IOT
Prof. P. S. Kasulkar1, Neha Thakur2, Shital Bankar3, Simran Rakhade4, Aishwarya Donge5,
Dhanshree Rode6
1
Asst. Professor of Electrical Engineering Department, Ballarpur Institute of Tech., Ballarpur, India
2,3,4,5,6
Student of Electrical Engineering Department, Ballarpur Institute of Tech., Ballarpur, India
-------------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract-the fault location detection has been a goal of
power system engineers, since the creation of
distribution and transmission system. Easily or quick
fault detection can help protect the equipment by
allowing disconnection of faulted lines before any major
damage of the equipment as energy leakage is one of the
major problems that the corporation faces in recent
times, bringing this leakage under control is next to
impossible with the electrical transmission lines
running millions of miles across the country only way to
solve this problems is to come up with a mechanism that
can detect the fault in an electricity transmission line
automatically and intimate the authorities with a
specific location . Through this project you will develop
a device that uses sensors to sense and detect the fault
and the system will be integrated with the IOT
mechanism to intimate the responsible people real time
with location information and scale of leakage with an
app.
Keywords-IoT (Internet of Things), IWOS, IR sensor
1. INTRODUCTION
As electricity is the pulse of life it light up the streets at
nights and warms our homes in the winter. This
electricity is supplied by a power grid consisting of both
transmission and distribution networks. Our daily
power consumption is dependent on the power
distribution system and the majority of power outages
are also caused by problems. In this same distribution
system fault in lines is the core issue for power grid
reliability. Spanning miles of coverage for suburban city,
districts and rural areas. Distribution network are
challenging to trouble because of their size and
complexity locating fault can be monumental task.
In traditional operation traveling wave methods, as we
know when a fault occurs in overhead transmission line
system then instantaneous changes in voltage and
current at where generate high frequency.
Electromagnetic impulses called travelling wave which
spread along the transmission line in both directions
away from the fault point. The fault current is relatively
high, during the fault the power flow is diverted toward
the fault and supply to the neighbouring zoned is
affected voltage become unbalanced .It is to detect the
fault as early as possible that is why we made a using
microcontroller to make it process faster. The
transmission line conductor resistance and inductance
distributed uniformly along the length of the line.
Travelling wave fault location methods are usually more
suitable for application long lines. Power transmission
lines employ at 50 Hz are more than 80 km long are
considered to have the properties of voltage and current
wave that travel on the line with finite speed of
propagation. In traditional operation utilities may power
off entire section of the distribution grid to identify the
damage outgoing line. After finding the damage line
technicians will power off the faulty line part by part
until they ultimately locate the ground fault. This process
often takes hours or even days in inferable weather
condition or mountainous terrain with the development
of sensors.
The internet of things and big data technology in hand
network present /was-an intelligent distribute line
monitoring system. IWOS deploys high precision sensors
all over the distribution network to provide a complete
solution for instantaneous faulty monitoring. Accurately
locate line cracks, ground fault. The IR Sensor system
captures field information at the exact moment a fault
gathering data from sensor across an entire line. The
collection of data can be analysed to find the exact causes
of outages re-enact the occurrence and development of
fault. it providing a solid data base for future
optimization of the distribution operation.
1.1 LITERATURE SURVEY
This paper reviews extension of the current internet
which providing communication, connection and inter-
networking in between the devices and physical objects,
or also known as Things, is a growing trend which is
called as the Internet of Things. The Internet of Things
(loT), that's going to change everything which also
include ourselves. loT is the next evolution or generation
of the Internet, it's like taking a huge leap in its ability to
collect, analyse, and distribute data which ultimately, we
can turn into information then knowledge and finally
into wisdom [1].

Smart overhead transmission line physical fault
detection by Internet of Things (loT)
From this paper we understood that there are a number
of issues involved when designing a system. It should
provide a easy to control the system, to detected fault in
transmission line so that the devices can be easily,
monitored, and controlled The system should be cost
effective in order to justify its application in smart
overhead transmission line systems. To minimize the
drawback of each system and to overcome the design
issues, they integrate locally andmobile application
controlled systems using cloud data network. This
allows the system to operate independent of a mobile
provider, allows the system to be used with various
mobile phone platforms.,
Smart overhead transmission line physical fault
detection using ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, IR. Sensor
gps system and Android Application.
From this paper we understood that the finding fault in
transmission system is to be easy with the (iot) the
internet of things is big data technology in hand
network, it provides intelligent distribute line
monitoring system using IR Sensor system capture line
current and electrical field information at the exact
moment a fault gathering data from sensors across n
entire line . this collection of data can be analysed to find
the exact causes of outages re- enact the occurrence and
developments of fault correlate patterns and
understand, it providing a solid data base for future
optimization of the transmission operation. It improve
power quality with reduces downtimes and increased
grid visibility.
2. PROPOSED WORK
Objective is to get the set of different values loosed on
the physical characteristic of wire (laws). The deviation
from normal reading may indicate possible sensors to
read the physical characteristic we have used infrared
sensor. The infrared sensor works on the principal of
reflection of light. When the infrared light falls on a
glossy smooth surface, there will be a good reflection of
infrared light from the surface. But when the surface has
some irregularities such as corrosions, crack the
reflection reading. When there is a change in reflection
reading, the controller ESP8266 will sense that and can
send a fault message to the user via internet. Sometimes
long trees brides the caules pose a threat of ground fault
If a tree fell on the wire the phase can be short circuited
to the ground short circuit to the ground. So we have
used another infrared sensors to sense any obstruction
generated on the wire due to tree fall. When the system
reaches the end of the wire and detects the pole ends
using a pair of infrared sensor the system startsmoving
in opposite direction. We have used blynk server to
send data over the internet. The block diagram, circuit
diagram and flow chart of the proposed system are as
shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 respectively.
Fig.2. 1 Block diagram of proposedsystem
Fig. 2.2 Circuit diagram of proposed system
Fig. 2.3 Circuit diagram of proposed system

3. COMPONENTS
1. Power supply:
We need a power supply of dc voltage (5v) to run
the geared type dc motor,ESP8266 module work on
3.3v. Battery can feed the power to the device and
battery can be charged via the solar panel this work
uses a 12v rechargeable battery.
2. Acrylic board:
This material has lightweight, thermoplastic and
thermal insulation properties.It has attractive
glossy surface that is available in clear or nearly any
colour. Acrylic withstands years of exposure to the
element and even corrosive atmospheres without
losing its transparency,gloss or dimensional
shape.It also will not darken or deteriorate from
exposure to fluorescent light. Acrylic has good
impact and chemical resistance.It can withstand
high stresses for short periods. It is one of the most
scratch-resistant thermoplastics. It can be stick on
wall using silica jell without using screw and bolt.
3. IR sensor:
IR sensors are used in many applications in
electronics it is used in remote control system
motion detector and it sense characteristics of its
surrounding. In this device four IR sensors are used
one analog and three digital IR sensor. When the
system reaches the end of the wire and detect the
pole end using a pair of infrared sensors the system
starts moving in opposite direction.
4. PBT connector:
PBT stands for polycrystalline Terephthalate, it is
used in robomark circuit board and also it can be
use in any circuit board for providing power input
as well as giving output to other devices. It is DC
power supply connector used in mini and major
projects and interfacing of device with development
board.
5. 16 Pin IC base:
IC sockets are generally for preventing damage to
IC’S from soldering and while testing multiple
circuits this are made from black thermoplastic and
tin-plated alloy contacts. One end is notched to aid
in identification they can be mounted end to end to
suit longer IC’S.
6. L293D driver IC:
L293D is a typical motor driver or motor driver IC
which allows DC motor to drive on either direction.
L293D is a 16-pin IC which can control a set of two
DC motor simultaneously in any direction. But in
this module only one DC motor is used to move the
device between the two poles of the transmission
line.
7. Diode 1N4007:
1N4007 is a PN junction SSSthe flow of electrical
current in only one direction, In day time when the
solar panel is charged through sunlight it supplies to
the batteries to be charged. Whereas, at night the
voltage of the solar panel gets reduced to zero and
the battery gets discharged through solar panel. To
avoid reverse flow of current towards solar panel, a
diode is connected in between the battery and solar
panel as we know that the diode is unidirectional
device.
8. Solar panel:
It is also as solar module or photovoltaic module.It
absorbs sunlight as a source of energy to generate
electricity. In this project,we are using two
polycrystalline type solar panel which is having
1w,5v each is 2w,10w.
9. ON/OFF switch:
The switch is use to ON or OFF the system.
10. DC Motor:
A geared DC motor has a gear assembly attached to
the motor. The speed of motor is counted in terms of
rotations of the shaft per minute and is termed as
rpm.In our project the DC motor is use for moving
the system on the surface of conductor.
11. ESP8266 Wi-Fi module:
It is a Wi-Fimodule, which is self-contained SOC with
integrated TCP/IP protocol stack this can give
microcontroller access to Wi-Finetwork. ESP8266 it
is capable of hosting an application and offloading all
Wi-Fi networking functions from another application
processor.
12. ESP breakout board:
It is an open development kit that helps you to
prototype our IOT product. It is like Arduino
hardware with input output built in the board
itself,it has also a Wi-Fi built in to connect directly to
internet to control our things online.
4. RESULT
LED is indicating active connection and whenever there
is loss of connection the LED stops blinking. There are
two LCD display to show the type of fault and name of
project, Blue LCD is shows that the which type of fault
occurred Ex. ground fault or cable fault. Green LCD which

shows our project name.GPS help us to find the fault
location. The value of fault is depending upon gauge
value. Limit is 0 to 600max when fault is occurring
above 200.
Fig. 4.1 Result of proposed system
5. CONCLUSION
As per study in India, the fault finding in the transmission
line by impedance-based faults location method. In the
impedance measurement- based technique the voltage
and current prefault and post fault are acquired and
analyzed. But they cannot analyze the physical health o
conductor or any physical fault among the transmission
line. The life of conductors such as crack, corrosion on
conductor is need to take care to avoid wear and tear of
line conductors. Solution on this, a movable electronic
device is designed to move between the two poles with
the inbuilt IR sensors when the surface have some
irregularities such as corrosion, crack the reflection will
reduce the infrared sensors works on the principle of
reflection of light. When there is a change in reflection
reading the controller ESP8266 will sense that and can
send a fault message to the uses via internet and the fault
location is monitored with the GPS system.
REFERENCES
[1] Xianwu Tang, Jianliang Zhang, Jin’ao Li, “A Practical
On –line Condition Monitoring and Fault Location
System for Overhead Power Lines Distribution
Networks” Inhand Networks Beijing, China,
tangxw@inhand.com.cn
[2] Bahar Uddin, Asif Imran Muhammad Asad Rahman,
“Detetion and locatimg the point of fault in
distribution side of power system using WSN
technology”, 4th International Conference on
Advances in Electrical Engineering(ICAEE),570-
574,2017.
[3] KR Krishnanand, PK Dash, MH Naeem,
“Detection,classification and location of fault in
power transmission lines”,International Journal of
Electrical Power & Energy Systems 67,76- 86,2015
[4] Aboelsood Zidan ,Mutaz Khairalla, “Fault
detection,isolation and service restoration in
distribution systems: State-of-the-art and future
trends”,IEEE Transaction on Smart Grid 8(5), 2170-
2185,2016
[5] Y. Y.yang ,D.divan, R. G. Harley, and T.G. Habetler,
“Design and intermentation of powedr line sensor
net for overhead transmission lines,” in proc. IEEE
Power Eng. Soc.Gen. Meet (PES), Jul.26-30.2001.
[6] H. Li.G.W. Riosenwald, J.Jung, and C.Liu, “Strategic
power infrastructure defense,” proc. IEEE, vol. 93,
no. 5, pp. 918-933, May 2005.
[7] P.Ramchgandan, V. Vittal, and G.T.
Heydt,”Mechanical state estimation for overhead
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Trans.power Syst,vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 908- 915, Aug.-
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[8] Shreemaakanth, Preethi, Shreya Murlidharan, Lalitha
“IOT Based Fault Detection and Automation In
Elwctricity Board” vol. 7, Issue 2, February 2019.
[9] p.Zhang, F. Li, and N. Bhatt,”Next generation
monatring , analysis and control for the future smart
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[10] Dection of fault location in transmission line using
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Y. Wong, G. H. Yang, and J. Zhong, “ on wireless
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[12] G. Vidhya Krishnan, R. Nagrajan, T .Durka, M
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march 2017.

BIOGRAPHIES
Neha Labhansingh Thakur was born in
1997. She obtained diploma in Electrical
Engineering from MSBTE board in the year
2017 and pursuing B.E Degree from
Gondwana University in year 2017-2020.
Shital P. Bankar was born in 1999. She
obtained diploma in Electrical Engineering
from MSBTE board in the year 2017 and
pursuing B.E Degree from Gondwana
University in year 2017-2020.
Aishwarya S. Donge was born in 1998. She
obtained diploma in Electrical Engineering
from MSBTE board in the year 2017 and
pursuing B.E Degree from Gondwana
University in year 2017-2020.
Simran S. Rakhade was born in
1997. She obtained diploma in
Electrical Engineering from
MSBTE board in the year 2017
and pursuing B.E Degree from
Gondwana University in year
2017-2020
Dhanshree Rode was born in
1996. She obtained diploma in
Electrical Engineering from
MSBTE board in the year 2017
and pursuing B.E Degree from
Gondwana University in year
2017-2020

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