IRJET-Replacement of Cement by Granite Powder in Paver Blocks

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 06 | June-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1680
REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY GRANITE POWDER IN PAVER BLOCKS
J.Jegan1, B.Sriram2
1Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University, University College of Engineering Ramanathapuram
2Department of Structural Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus Madurai
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Abstract- Granite powder is obtained fromthecrusherunits
in the form of finer fraction. The products are left largely
unused and are hazardous materials to human health
because the product is airborne and can be easily inhaled.
This experimental study investigates the strength
performance of paver block using granite powder replacing
cement. Initially, granite powdersampleswerecollected and
its properties were investigated. Normal consistency and
setting time of pastes containing cementandgranitepowder
at 25%, 50% & 75% replacement were investigated using
paver block. By casting Zigzag paver block of size
250x123x80 mm with M40 grade of concretemixwereused.
Test results showed that Granite powder can be used
effectively and more durable in paver blocks.
Key Words: Granite powder, paver block, Residual
compressive strength, Flexure strength, cost analysis
1. INTRODUCTION
Now a Days Paver Blocks uses is increasing day by day,
Interlocking concretePavementhasbeenextensivelyusedin
a number of countries like India, China, Japan, Pakistan etc.
Intermediate concrete block pavement (ICBP) technology
has been introduced in India in constructiona decadeago, as
a specialized problem solving technique for providing
pavement in areas where conventional typesofconstruction
are less durable due to many operational and environment
constraints for specific requirements viz. footpaths, parking
areas etc. but now being adopted extensively in different
uses where the conventional constructionofpavementusing
hot bituminous mix or cement concrete technology is not
feasible or desirable.
Interlocking concrete pavements or pavers are a special dry
mix pre-cast piece of concrete commonly used in pavement
applications. As per IS 15658 Standard thicknesses of paver
blocks are 60mm (for light traffic), 50mm (no-Traffic),
80mm (heavy traffic) is common used in India . Paver block
required high compressive strength, flexure strength,
Residual compressive strength, water absorption to useit in
paver blocks.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this experimental study, cement, fine aggregate, Coarse
aggregate, Granite powder were used. Commercially
available Ordinary Portland cement (53 grade) was used in
this experimentation confirming to ACI 544:IR96. The
maximum size of coarse aggregate was 10 mm and specific
gravity was 2.71. Locally available sand wasusedtoprepare
all the paver blocks which passes through 4.75 mm sieve as
per IS 383:1970. Potable water was used throughout this
experimental study. The following table shows the
properties of various materials used in this investigation.
Table 1 – Properties of Materials
Property Cement Coarse
aggregate
Fine
aggregate
Granite
powder
Grade 53 - - -
Initial
setting
time
28 min - - -
Final
setting
time
600 min - - -
Specific
gravity
3.15 2.6 2.6 2.72
Tensile
strength
- - - 158-220
MPa
3.Mix Proportion
Mix design had been determined basedonIS10262:2009 for
M40 grade concrete.
The mix ratio adopted is 1:1.642:2.802. Characteristic
compressive strength required in the field at 28 days was
40Mpa. Maximum size of coarse aggregate is 10mm. Degree
of quality control is good. For easy identification, the
specimens were designated as 25%, 50%, 75%. The
percentage composition details are shown in table 2.
Table 2 – Specimen Details
MIX CEMENT % GRANITE POWDER %
CC 100 0
25% 75 25
50% 50 50
75% 25 75

4. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
For compressive strength, cube specimens of
dimensions 250 mm x 123 mm x80 mm were casted with
M40 grade. The Paver moulds were filled with concrete.
After 24 hours, the specimens were demoulded and were
transferred to curing tank and kept for 28 days.
These specimens were tested in compression testing
machine. The load was applied as per IS 15658:2006.
Compression testing machine of 2000 kN was used for
loading. In each category, three cubes were tested and their
average compressive strength value is reported byusingthe
formula.
Compressive strength = Load / Area (MPa)
5. FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST
The flexural strength of concrete prism was determined
based on IS 15658:2006 . The beam specimens of size 250 x
123x80 mm were casted and demoulded after 24 hours and
kept for 28 days of curing. The specimens were tested in
Universal Testing Machine.
Flexure strength = PL/bd2
P = Maximum load
L = Length
B = breadth
D = depth
6. WATER ABSORPTION TEST
Saturation:
The Paver block shall be completely immersed in
water at room temperature for 24±2 h. The paverblock then
shall be removed from the water. Visible water on the paver
block shall be removed with a damp cloth. The paver block
shall be immediately weighed and the weight for each
specimen noted in N to the nearest 0.01 N (WW).
Drying:
After saturation, the paver block shall be dried in a
ventilated oven at 107 + 7°C for 24 h and until two
successive weighing at intervals of 2 h show an incrementof
loss not greater than 0.2 percent of the previously
determined mass of the paver block. The dry weight of each
specimen (Wd) shall be taken in N to the nearest O.O1N.
Percent Water Absorption 𝑊𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡=(𝑊𝑎−𝑊𝑑𝑊𝑑)×100
7. RESIDUAL COMPRESSIVE STREGTH TEST
The fire resistance of concrete formostapplications
is adequate. However, when subjected to elevated
temperatures, the strength and durability properties are
significantly affected due to physical and chemical changes
.The specimens were heated to a maximum core
temperature of 150oC, at heating rate of 50C/min. The
compression strength test of concrete paver under different

temperature conditions was carried out by using universal
testing machine. The characteristicsoffailuremodesand the
development of cracks were observed. A graph was plotted
for residual compressive strength and temperature.
8. COST ANALYSIS
Cost analysis is a technique that quantifies all of the costs
associated with the construction and maintenance of a
pavement over a set analysisperiod.Higherperformancelife
of pavers as compared to asphalt and lower capital cost of
pavers compared to cast in place of concrete pavers.
9. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The properties of granite powder with differentproportions
were casted and tested. The properties like compressive
strength, flexure strength were estimated for the specimens
casted and the optimum mix ratio was ascertainedandused.
All the results showed good enhancement in the properties
were tested. Results of compressive, flexure strength tests,
Residual compressive strength, Water absorption Test and
Cost analysis are shown in table 3.
Table 3 - Influence of Granite powder on paver block
Fig 1. Compressive strength Graphical representation
Fig 2. Flexural strength Graphical representation
Fig 3. Residual Compressive strength Graphical
representation
10.CONCLUSIONS
Experimental investigations were conducted to determine
the characteristic strength of concrete paver by replacing of
cement with granite powder the addition of threemixratios.
Concrete paver specimens were casted and tested to
determine the Compressive strength, Flexural strength,
water absorption ,Residual compressive strength, and Cost
analysis. Based on the test results it was inferred, which mix
ratios gave better results than the conventional concrete
paver with respect to 28 days.
 Based on the experimentation conducted on the
specimens withreplacement ofgranitepowderover
cement in different percentages (25%, 50%75%)
the following conclusions were drawn.
 In a nutshell it can be concluded that the use of
granite powder in paver block is an effective
method to improve the compressive strength. To
get the maximum benefit it is recommended to
replace cement by granite powder about 25%. At
25% the compressive strength achieved is 44
N/mm2 which is 7% more than the compressive
strength of conventional concrete paver.
 It was found that the replacement of cement by
granite powder at 25%increases the flexural
strength of the paver block. To get the maximum
Mix Average
Compressive
strength at
28 days
(MPa)
Average
Flexural
strength
at 28
days
(MPa)
Average
Residual
compressive
strength at 28
days (MPa)
Average %
of Water
absorption
<6%
Cost
Analysis
Per
paver
block
Room
temp
150oC
CC 41.53 4.9 44.12 39.44 5.23 Rs.15.23
25% 44.74 5.51 42.08 38.96 5.82 Rs.13.72
50% 36.62 4.5 36.32 30.43 5.81 -
75% 23.39 3.11 28.98 23.12 5.69 -

flexural strength. It is recommended to replace
cement by granite powder about 25%. At 25% the
flexural strength achieved is 5.51 N/mm2 which
is12% more than the flexural strength of
conventional concrete paver.
 The experimental result shows that the
compressive strength of concrete paver after1500C
is slightly less than the concrete paver at room
temperature (270C).
 With the replacement of granite powder over
cement the water absorption rateincreasesslightly.
 In general, 25% replacement of cement by granite
powder was found to be optimum for concrete
paver considering compressive, flexural and
residual compressive strength as well as cost
analysis.
REFERENCES
[1]. M.C.Nataraja and Lelin Das(2011)‘A study on the
strength properties of paver blocks madefromConstruction
of Interlocking Concrete Pavement Blocks (ICBPs) Using
Super plasticizer As Admixture’ International Journal of
Science and Research(IJSR)volume.3 pp02-08
[2].Osman Gencel Cengiz Ozeland Fuat
Koksal(2012)‘Properties of concrete paving blocks made
with waste marble’ Journal of CleanerProductionpp62-70
[3]. R.C.YeoleM. B.Varma(2014)‘Comparison of Mix Designs
of Paver Blocks using Waste Rounded Steel Aggregates and
Rubber Pad’ International Journal of Emerging Technology
and Advanced Engineering Volume4pp73-79
[4]. E.Anji Reddy Vishal Gupta Deepak Garg(2015) ‘Effect of
Partial Replacement of Cement by Rice Husk Ash Using
Nylon Fiber in Concrete Paver Block’ International Journal
for Scientific Research&DevelopmentVol.3pp55-61.
[5]. S.RevathiR. Kumutha K. Vijai(2015)‘Properties of Paver
Blocks with Groundnut Husk Ash as Fine Aggregates’
International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology volume.02pp 42-48.
[6]. G. NavyaJ. Venkateswara Rao (2014)‘Experimental
Investigation on Properties Concrete Paver Block with the
Inclusion of Natural Fibers’ International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applicationsvolume.4pp.34-38.
[7]. Sharda Sharma(2014)‘Analysis of Workability on
Construction of Interlocking Concrete Pavement Blocks
(ICBPs) Using Super plasticizer As Admixture’
International Journal of Science and
Research(IJSR)volume.3 pp02-08
[8]. IS 15658:2006 code for precast concrete blocks for
paving- specification.
[9]. IS456-2000 code for plain and reinforced cement
concrete.
[10]. IS2386-PartIII-1963 code for grading of aggregate.
[11]. IS10262-2009 code for concrete mix design.

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