Islam its foundations and concepts

Islaam:
Its Foundations And Concepts
By
Dr. Muhammad bin Abdullaah As-Suhaym
Translated by
Abdur-Raafi Adewale Imaam
Under The Supervision of
Translation and Publication Division,
Islaamic Propagation And Education Committee,
Muslim World League
Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah
Tel. 8150133, 8150144
1

In the name of Allaah, the Gracious, the Merciful
Translator's note:
All praise is due to Allaah May peace and blessings be upon the Messenger, his
household and companions.
This book is undoubtedly a commendable attempt at showing the beauties of
Islaam to mankind, drawing a comparison between this great religion and other
world religions in spiritual, moral, social and intellectual aspects and acquainting
mankind with its principles and fundamentals in a logical, unambiguous,
convincing frank but gracious manner.
We would however like to call the attention of the reader to some points as
regards the translation of some of the quotes and foreign names in this book. The
author quoted some passages from the Bible and other books which are not
originally Arabic. Though we believe that the proper academic method in
translating these passages is to refer to their original sources since most of them
are in English, we could not however do so because of their unavailability to the
translator. It is therefore hoped that, translation of the passages rendered here are
as close as possible in meaning, to the original texts.
As for the names of some authors mentioned in the Book in Arabic letters, we
exerted efforts to know the correct spelling of these names in their original
languages. But due to the fact that the author quoted excerpts from their books
from secondary sources which are in Arabic, we could not have access to the
original books; hence the names were transliterated from Arabic.
Equally, the names of foreign references mentioned in this book in English may
not be the exact names given by their various authors. Most of these are
translated from Arabic.
May Allaah make this book beneficial for all and reward its author abundantly in
this world and the Hereafter.
Abdur-Raafi Adewale Imaam.
2

Author's preface
All praise is due to Allaah. We praise Him, seek for His assistance and
forgiveness and we seek refuge with Him from evils of our souls and our
misdeeds. No one can mislead whosoever Allaah guides and none can guide
whosoever Allaah causes to go astray.
I testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allaah alone. He has no
partner. I also testify that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger.
Allaah sent Messengers to mankind in order that people may not have any plea
against Him after He has sent these Messengers. He also revealed Books as
guidance, mercy, light and healing.
In the past, Messengers were especially sent to their people and entrusted with
the preservation of their book. That was why their writings became forgotten
and their laws became altered, because they were sent tot a specific nation on
a limited period.
Thereafter, Allaah chose His Prophet Muhammad and made him the last of all
prophets and Messengers. He says,
"Muhammad is not the father of anyone among you, but he is the Messenger
of Allaah and the last (end) of the Prophets."1
Allaah honoured him with the best Revealed Book which is the glorious
Qur'aan; He took it upon Himself to preserve it and did not assign the
obligation of its preservation to any of His creatures. He says:
"Verily, We it is Who have sent down the Dhikr (i.e., Qur'aan) and surely, We
will guard it (from corruption)."2
He also makes the Law of Muhammad the lasting one till the Day of
Resurrection. He explained that the perpetuity of his Law necessitates the
belief in it, calling unto it and being patient with it. Hence the path of the
Prophet and his followers is that of calling to the way of Allaah with sure
knowledge. While making this manhaj clear, Allaah says:
"Say (O Muhammad): This is my way; I invite unto Allaah with sure
knowledge, I and whosoever follows me. And Glorified and Exalted be Allaah.
And I am not of the polytheists."3
Allaah commanded the Prophet to bear whatever harm he suffered in the cause
of Allaah with patience and says:
"Therefore be patient (O Muhammad) as did the Messengers of strong will."4
He also enjoins patience on Muslims,
1
(al-Ahzaab 33:40)
2
Al-Hijr 15:9
3
Yoosuf 12:108
4
Al-Ahqaaf 46:35
3

"O you who believe! Endure and be more patient and guard (your territory by
stationing army units permanently at the places from where the enemy can
attack you) and fear Allaah, so that you may be successful."1
In accordance with this gracious Divine Way, I write this book to invite people
to the religion of Allaah, deriving guidance in doing so, from the Book of Allaah
and the Sunnah of His Messenger. I briefly explained herein the story of the
creation of the Universe, the creation of man and how he was favoured by
sending Messengers to him and situation of past religions. I afterwards made
an introduction to Islaam as per its meaning and pillars. So, whoever is looking
for guidance will find its evidences therein, whoever is looking for salvation
may find that I have explained the way to it in this book, whoever desires to
follow the track of the Prophets, Messengers and righteous people will find their
path herein while those who turn away from their way only befools themselves
and take to the straying path.
It is a matter of fact that adherents of each religion call others to it and believe
that truth only abide in their religion. It is also a fact that adherents of each
belief call others to follow their leader and extol him. As for Muslim, he does
not call people to follow his ideology. His religion is the religion of Allaah with
which He is pleased. Allaah says:
"Truly, the religion with Allaah is Islaam"2
He also does not call people to glorify a human being, for all human beings are
equal in the Religion of Allaah; nothing distinguishes one from another except
piety. A Muslim rather calls people to follow the path of their Lord, to believe in
His Messengers and follow His Law which He revealed to the last of His
Messengers Muhammad and which He commanded him to convey to all
mankind.
It's on this account that I wrote this book in order to call people to the Religion
of Allaah which He is pleased with and with which He sent His Last Messenger
in order to guide those who are looking for guidance and happiness. By Allaah!
No human being can have real happiness except through this religion and none
can have rest of mind except by believing that Allaah is the only Lord (worthy
of worship), that Muhammad is His Messenger and that Islaam is the only
acceptable religion of Allaah.
Thousands of those who embraced Islaam have testified that they did not know
real life until after they embraced Islaam and that they did never tasted
happiness except under the shade of Islaam. Since it is a fact that every
human being looks for happiness, peace of mind and truth, I prepare this work
to help them achieve that. I pray that Allaah makes this work purely for His
sake and let it be well-accepted and make it one of those righteous deeds that
will benefit its doer in this world and the next.
I give permission to translate and publish this book in any language to whoever
may want to do so with a condition that the person act honestly in translating
it and to do me a favour by sending me a copy in order to avoid unnecessary
repetition of efforts.
I equally request from whoever has any observation or correction either on the
Arabic text of this Book or any of its translated versions to kindly send it to me
through the below-mentioned address.
1
Aal 'Imraan 3:200
2
Aal 'Imraan 3:19
4

All praise is due to Allaah firstly and lastly, outwardly and inwardly. All praise is
due to Him publicly and secretly. All praise is due to Him in the beginning and
the end. All praise is due to him as much as can fill the heavens and the earth
and whatever else that Our Lord may wish. May Allaah bestow peace and much
blessing on our Prophet Muhammad, his companions and all those who follow
his path till the day of reckoning.
The author,
Dr. Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Saalih As-Suhiem
Riyadh 13-10-1420
P. o. Box 261032 Riyadh 1342 and
P. o. Box 6249 Riyadh 11442
5

Where is the Way?
When man grows and starts understanding things, many questions come to his
mind like: Where am I from? What will be my end? Who created me and the
universe around me? Who owns and controls this universe? And other
questions like these.
However, he is unable to provide himself with answers to these questions.
Even modern science is not capable of providing answers to them because
these issues fall within religious domains. That is why there are numerous
narrations and different superstitions and tales about them that only add to
man's confusion and distress. It is impossible for man to get a satisfying
answer to these questions unless he is guided by Allaah to the true religion
that is capable of providing final decision on these and similar issues; for, these
issues are among the divine secrets that only the true religion can give correct
and accurate answers to and that is the only religion that Allaah revealed to His
Prophets and Messengers. It is then incumbent upon man to learn the true
religion and have belief in it in order to have his confusion and doubts removed
and in order to be guided to the Straight Path.
In the following pages, I invite you to follow the Straight Path of Allaah and I
present to you some evidences and proofs that you may carefully and patiently
reflect on.
6

EXISTENCE OF ALLAAH, HIS LORDSHIP (OVER ALL
CREATION), HIS ONENESS AND HIS BEING THE ONLY
GOD WORTHY OF WORSHIP
Many people do worship man-made deities like trees, stones and even human
beings; that is why the Jews and idolaters asked the Messenger of Allaah about
the characteristics of his Lord. In reply to this question Allaah revealed:
"Say (O Muhammad): He is Allaah, (the) One, Allaah, the Self-Sufficient
Master (Whom all creatures need, He neither eats nor drinks). He begets not
nor is He begotten. And there is none co-equal or comparable unto Him."1
He also says:
"Indeed your Lord is Allaah Who created the heavens and the earth in Six Days
and then He Istawa (rose over) the Throne (really in a manner that suits His
Majesty). He brings night as a cover over the day, seeking it rapidly, and (He
created) the sun, the moon, the stars subjected to His Command. Blessed be
Allaah, the Lord of all the world!"2
He also says:
"Allaah is He, Who raised the heaven without pillars that you can see. Then He
Istawa (rose above) the Throne (really in a manner that suits His Majesty). He
has subjected the sun and the moon (to continue going round)! Each
running( its course) for a term appointed. He regulates all affairs, explaining
the Aayaat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) in
detail, that you may believe with certainty in the meeting with your Lord. And
it is He who spread out the earth, and placed therein firm mountains and rivers
and of every kind of fruits He made3
in pairs. He brings the night as a cover
over the day…" until He says: "Allaah knows what every female bears and how
much the womb falls short (of their time or number) or exceed. Everything
with Him is in due proportion. All-Knower of the unseen and the seen, the Most
Great, the Most-High."3
Allaah also says:
"Say (O Muhammad): Who is the Lord of the heavens and the earth? Say: (It
is) Allaah. Say: Have you then taken (for worship) protectors other than Him,
such as have no power either for benefit or for harm to themselves? Say: Is
the blind equal to the one who sees? Or darkness equal to light? Or do they
assign Allaah partners who created the like of His creation, so that the creation
(which they made and His creation) seemed alike to them? Say: Allaah is the
Creator of all things. He is the One, the Irresistible."4
While establishing for mankind His signs as evidences and proofs, He says:
“And from among His signs are the night and the day, and the sun and the
moon. Prostrate not to the sun nor the moon, but prostrate to Allaah who
1
Al-Ikhlaas 112: 1-4.
2
Al-A'raaf 7:54.
3
Ar-Ra'd 13:2, 3, 8, 9.
4
Ar-Ra‘d 13:16
7

created them, if you really worship Him. But if they are too proud (to do so),
then those who are with your Lord (angels) glorify Him night and day, and
never are they tired. And among His signs (in this), that you see the earth
barren, but when We send down water (rain) to it, it is stirred to life and
growth (of vegetations). Verily, He Who gives it life, sure is Able to give life to
the dead (on the Day of Resurrection). Indeed He is Able to do all things.”1
He also says:
“And among His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the
differences of your languages and colours. Verily, in that are indeed signs for
men of sound knowledge. And among His signs are the sleep that you take by
night and by day…”2
While describing Himself with attributes of beauty and perfection He says:
“Allaah! None has the right to be worshipped but He. The Ever-Living, the One
Who sustains and protects all that exists. Neither slumber nor sleep overtakes
Him. To Him belongs whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the
earth. Who is he that can intercede with Him except with His permission? He
knows what happens to them (His creatures) in this world and what will
happen to them in the hereafter. And they will never compass anything of His
knowledge except that which He wills.”3
He also says:
“The Forgiver of sins, the Acceptor of repentance, the Stern in punishment,
the Bestower (of favours). None has the right to be worshipped but He. To Him
is the final return.”4
He – may His praise be exalted- also says:
“He is Allaah, besides Whom none has the right to be worshipped, the King,
the Holy, the One free from all defects, the Giver of security, the Watcher over
His creatures, the All-Mighty, the Compeller, the Supreme. Glory be to Allaah!
(High is He) above all that they associate as partners with Him.”5
This wise and Omnipotent Lord who made himself known to His slaves and
established for them His signs and proofs and described Himself with attributes
of perfection had prophetic ordainments, human wisdom and nature testify to
His existence, to His Lordship and being the only one having the right to be
worshipped. I will –God willing- show that to you in the following pages.
As for proofs of His existence and Lordship, they are:
ONE: CREATION OF THIS UNIVERSE AND ITS WONDERFUL DESIGN
O man! All this universe that surrounds you; the heavens, the stars, the
galaxies and the earth that is spread in which there are neighbouring tracts out
of which different plants grow bearing all fruits, and on which you find all
creatures in pairs… this universe did not create itself and could never create
itself. It must then have a creator. Who then is that creator who created it in
1
Fussilat 41:37-39
2
Ar-Room 30:22-23
3
Al-Baqarah 2:255
4
Gaafir 40:3
5
Al-Hashr 59:23
8

this wonderful design and perfection and made it a sign for those who can see
save Allaah the One, the Subduer Whom there is no Lord or deity worthy of
worship beside Him. He says:
“Were they created by nothing or were they themselves the creators? Or did
they create the heavens and the earth? Nay, but they have no firm belief.”1
These two verses imply three questions:
1- Were they created from nothing?
2- Did they create themselves?
3- Did they create the heavens and the earth?
If their creation was not accidental and they had not created themselves or
created the heavens and the earth; it should then be affirmed that there exists
a creator who created them as well as the heavens and the earth. That Creator
is Allaah, the One, the Subduer.
TWO: THE NATURE
All creatures are naturally inclined to believe in the existence of the Creator; to
affirm that He is greater and mightier than all things. This inclination is more
well-rooted in the nature than elementary mathematics and does not need to
be proved by any evidence except for him who has an abnormal nature; a
nature that has been exposed to circumstances that turn it away from what it
should admit.2
Allaah says:
“That (Islaamic Monotheism) is the nature upon which Allaah has created
mankind. Let there be no change in Allaah's (law of) creation. That is the
straight religion.”3
The Messenger of Allaah said: “Every child is born with natural inclination to
Islaamic Monotheism and it is his parents who make him a Jew, a Christian or
a Magian4
just as the animal gives birth to its young whole, wherein you find no
mutilation.” Then Aboo Hurayrah (who is the narrator of this hadeeth) said:
“Recite if you like (Allaah’s words): “That (Islaamic Monotheism) is the nature
upon which Allaah has created mankind. Let there be no change in Allaah's
(law of) creation. That is the straight religion.'”5
He also said: “Verily, my Lord commanded me to teach you what you do not
know of what He has taught me today: ‘All money that I endow a slave with is
lawful (for him). I created my slaves naturally inclined to Islaamic Monotheism
and it were the devils who came to them, led them away from their religion,
made forbidden for them what I made lawful and enjoined on them to
associate partners with Me in worship of which I did not send any proof.’ ”6
THREE: CONSENSUS OF ALL PEOPLE
All past and modern nations are in consensus that this universe has a creator
who is Allaah the Lord of all the worlds, that He is the Creator of the heavens
and the earth and that He has no partner among His creatures as He does not
have a partner in His Sovereignty.
1
At-Toor 52:35-36
2
Majmoo‘ Fatawa Ibn Taymiyah 1:47-49
3
Ar-Room 30:30
4
Magians are those who worship fire and other natural phenomena. (AA)
5
Al-Bukhaaree and Muslim.
6
Ahmad and Muslim.
9

No belief has ever been reported from any of the past nations that their false
deities took part with Allaah in the creation of the heavens and the earth.
Rather, they all believed that it was Allaah Who created them and their gods,
that there was no creator or sustainer besides Him and that He alone owns the
power to benefit or harm.1
Allaah informs us in the following verses of the
idolaters affirmation of His Lordship and guardianship:
“If your were to ask them: ‘Who has created the heavens and the earth and
subjected the sun and the moon?’ They will surely reply: ‘Allaah’. How then are
they deviating (as polytheists and disbelievers)? Allaah enlarges the provision
for whom He wills of His slaves and straightens it for whom (He wills). Verily,
Allaah is the All-Knower of everything. If you were to ask them: ‘Who sends
down water (rain) from the sky and gives life therewith to earth after its
death?’ They will surely reply: ‘Allaah’. Say: ‘All the praises and thanks be to
Allaah!’ Nay! Most of them have no sense.”2
“And indeed if you ask them, ‘Who has created the heavens and the earth?’
They will surely say: ‘The All-Mighty, the All-Knower created them.’ ”3
FOUR: THE REASON
Human reason inevitably confirms that this universe has a great Creator; for
the sound reason agrees that this universe is a created thing that did not bring
itself to being, hence, it must have an originator.
Also, man knows that he falls into crises and afflictions and when he is unable
to prevent them or remove them, he faces the heavens with his heart and
seeks for His Lord’s aid to remove his distress even though he may denounce
his Lord and worship his idols in his normal days. This is an undisputable fact.
Even the animal raises his head up and looks at the sky whenever it is visited
by an affliction. The Almighty Allah informs us that man, whenever he is
afflicted with harm, hastens to his Lord and asks Him to remove the harm.
Allaah says,
“And when some hurt touches man, he cries to his Lord (Allaah Alone) turning
to Him in repentance, but when He bestows a favour upon him from Himself,
he forgets that for which he cried for before and he sets up rivals to Allaah.”
He also says about the idolaters:
“He it is Who enable you to travel through land and sea, till when you are in
the ships and they sail with them with a favourable wind, and they are glad
therein, then comes a stormy wind and the waves come to them from all sides
and they think that they are circled therein, they invoke Allaah, making their
faith pure for Him Alone, saying: ‘If You (Allaah) deliver us from this, we shall
truly be of the grateful. But when He delivered them, behold! They rebel
(disobey Allaah) in the earth wrongfully. O mankind! Your rebellion
(disobedience to Allaah) is only against your own selves, - a brief enjoyment of
this worldly life, then (in the end) unto Us is your return and We shall inform
you that which you used to do.’ ”4
He also says:
1
Majmoo‘ Fatawa 14:380-383
2
Al-‘Ankaboot 61-63
3
Az-Zukhruf 9
4
Yoonus 22-23
10

“And when a wave covers them like shades (i.e., like clouds or the mountains
of seawater) they invoke Allaah, making their invocations for Him only. But
when he brings them safe to land, there are among them those that stop in
the middle (between belief and disbelief). But none denies Our Signs but every
perfidious ungrateful.”1
This Lord who brought this universe to existence, created man in the best
form, embedded in his nature servitude and submission to Him, subjected
human reason to His Lordship and His exclusive worthiness to be worshipped.
It is Allaah Whom all nations unanimously testify to His guardianship… as He
should inevitably be One in His Lordship and worthiness to be worshipped. As
He has no partner in creating His creatures, He should also have no partner in
His worthiness to be worshipped. There are numerous evidences for this,*
some of which are:
1- There is only in this universe one God Who is the creator and the
sustainers of all. None brings harm or benefit except Him. Had there been any
other god besides Him, that god would have had his own work, creation and
command and none of both would have allowed another to share the creation
with him. Hence, one of them must have overpowered and subdued the other.
In that case, the subdued could not have been a god and the Subduer should
be the real God with whom none can share the right to be worshipped just as
none shares with Him His guardianship and lordship. Allaah says:
“No son (or offspring or children) did Allaah beget, nor is there any god along
with Him; (if there had been many gods), behold, each god would have taken
away what he had created, and some would have tried to overcome others!
Glorified be Allaah above all that they attribute to Him.”2
2- None deserves to be worshipped but Allaah Who created the heavens
and the earths; for, man seeks to gain the favour of the Lord Who brings him
benefit and prevents harm, evils and calamities from him and none but the one
who owns the heavens and the earth is capable of doing all these. Let those
who are searching for the truth read: “Say (O Muhammad) (to those
polytheists, pagans, etc.) ‘Call upon those whom you assert (to be associate
gods) besides Allaah, they possess not even the weight of an atom (or small
ant), - either in the heavens or on the earth nor have they any share in either,
nor there is for Him any supporter from among them. Intercession with Him
profits not, except for him whom He permits.’ ”3
These verses and others sever heart’s affinity to other things besides Allaah
through four factors:
One: That those whom the polytheists worship possess not even the weight of
an atom with Allaah, and he who possesses not a weight of an atom cannot
benefit nor harm and therefore, is not worthy of being worshipped or being
taken as Allaah’s associate in worship. It is Allaah alone Who owns them and
controls them.
Two: That they possess nothing in the heavens and the earth and they do not
even have an atom weight of share in them.
Three: Allaah has no helper among His creatures. Rather, He is the One who
helps them in what is of benefit for them and drives away from them what
1
Luqmaan 31:32
*
For more of these evidence, see Kitaabut-Tawheed by Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhaab.
2
Al-Mu‘minoon 23:91
3
Saba’ 34:22-23
11

harms them. For, He completely has no need of them; it is they who are rather
who are in absolute need of Him.
Four: That these so-called associates are not capable of interceding with
Allaah on behalf of their followers and they will not even be given permission to
do so. Allaah does not give permission to intercede except to His friends, and
His friends also can not intercede except on behalf of the one whom Allaah is
pleased with his sayings, deeds and belief.1
3- Systematic arrangement and precise execution of the affairs of this
universe is the strongest indication that its controller is one Lord, one (King),
beside Whom there is no other creator. As it is impossible for this universe to
have two creators, so it is impossible for it to have two Lords. Allaah says:
“Had there been therein (in the heavens and the earth) gods besides Allaah,
then verily both would have been ruined.”2
Had it been assumed that there was in the heaven and the earth another god
besides Allaah, they would have been ruined. Because, had there been another
god besides Allaah, both would need to be autocratic and have right of free
disposal. That would have then lead to contention and fighting and the ruin of
the heaven and the earth would have occurred as a result. It is impossible for
the body to have two controlling souls; if that happens the body will be
destroyed – how then can it be imagined that this universe which is greater,
should have two lords?
4- Consensus of the Prophets and Messengers: All nations agree that the
Prophets and Messengers are the wisest, most intelligent, best in morality,
most sincere, most knowledgeable of what Allaah wants and the most rightly
guided of all people, because, they received revelation from Allaah and
conveyed it to people. And all Prophets and Messengers – right from Adam to
the last Prophet who is Muhammad, peace be upon them all – have all called
their peoples to the belief in Allaah and abstention from worshipping anything
besides Him and that He is the only True Lord. Allaah says:
“And We did not send any Messenger before you (O Muhammad) but We
inspired him saying: None has the right to be worshipped but I (Allaah), so
worship Me (Alone).”3
He also says about Nooh – Peace be upon him – that he told his people,
“That you worship none but Allaah, surely, I fear for you the torment of a
painful Day.”4
He – may He be glorified– also says about the last of all Messengers,
Muhammad,
“Say (O Muhammad): It is revealed to me that your God is one God. Will you
then submit to His Will (become Muslims and stop worshipping others besides
Allaah)?”5
This God is the One who wonderfully created the universe from naught; He
created man in the best form and perfected his creation and impressed in his
1
See Qurratu ‘uyoonil-muwahhideen p.100
2
Al-Anbiyaa 21:22
3
Al-Anbiyaa 21:25
4
Hood 11:26
5
Al-Anbiyaa 21:108
12

nature the affirmation of His Lordship and His exclusive right to be worshipped.
He lets him have peace of mind through his submission to Him and following
His Path and He ordained it on his soul not to be at rest until it surrenders to
its Creator and be in continuous contact with Him. He also makes it impossible
to contact with Him except through His Straight Path which the honourable
Prophets conveyed. He gave man intelligence which only becomes upright and
functions properly when he believes in Allaah, Glory be to Him.
When one has an upright nature, a peaceful soul and a believing heart, one
achieves happiness, security and peace in this world and the hereafter. But
when man refuses all that, he will live in the alleys of this world disorganised
and divided among its gods, ignorant as to who can benefit him or prevent
harm from him. It is in order that true faith may be established in the heart
and the ugliness of disbelief may be exposed that Allaah makes a parable – for
parables bring meanings closer to understanding. He makes a parable of a man
whose affair is divided between numerous gods and a man who worships his
Lord alone. He, may He be glorified, says,
“Allaah puts forth a similitude: a (slave) man belonging to many partners (like
those who worship others along with Allaah) disputing with one another, and a
(slave) man belonging to one master (like those who worship Allaah Alone).
Are those two equal in comparison? All the praises and thanks be to Allaah!
But most of them know not.”1
Allaah likens the slave who is a polytheist to a slave who is owned by different
associates and over whom they all contend with each other. He is divided
among them and everyone of them directs him and assigns responsibilities to
him. He is confused among them and is always unstable. He is unable to
satisfy their different and contradicting desires that tear his energy and
directions apart.
He also likens the slave who is a monotheist to a slave who is owned by a
single master. He knows what his master wants and the assignments he gives
him. He is thereby comfortable and settled on a clear path. Both of these two
slaves cannot be equal. For, one submits to a single master and enjoys the
pleasure of uprightness, knowledge and certainty and the other one submits to
different and disputing masters and is thereby punished and distressed. He is
not stable on a condition and cannot please even one of them let alone all of
them.
After proofs on the existence of Allaah, His Lordship and His exclusive right to
be worshipped have become clear, we should then acquaint ourselves with His
creation of the universe and man and know His wisdom behind that.
1
Az-Zumar 39:29
13

CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE
This universe with its heavens, earth, stars, galaxies, seas, trees and all living
things are created from non-existence by Allaah – the Glorified and Exalted. He
says,
“Say (O Muhammad): Do you verily disbelieve in Him Who created the earth
in two days and you set up rivals (in worship) with Him? That is Lord of the
worlds. He placed therein (i.e., the earth) firm mountains from above it, and
He blessed it, and measured therein its sustenance (for its dwellers) in four
days equal (i.e., all these four ‘days’ are equal in the length of time) for all
those who ask about (its creation). Then He rose over towards the heaven
when it was smoke and said to it and to the earth, ‘Come both of you willingly
and unwillingly!’ They both said, ‘We come, willingly.’ Then He completed and
finished from the creation (as) seven heavens in two days and He made in
each heaven its affair. And We adorned the nearest (lowest) heaven with
lamps (stars) to be an adornment as well as to guard (from the devils by using
them as missiles against them). Such is the decree of Him the All-Mighty, the
All-Knower.”1
He also says,
“Have not those who disbelieve know that the heavens and the earth were
joined together as one united piece, then We parted them? And We have made
from water every living thing. Will they not then believe? And We have placed
on the earth firm mountains, lest it should shake with them, and We placed
therein broad highways for them to pass through, that they may be guided.
And We have made heaven a roof, safe and well-guarded. Yet, they turn away
from its signs.”2
Allaah created the universe for many great purposes. There are in every part of
it great wisdom and dazzling signs. If you ponder over a single sign thereof,
you will see wonders. Behold the wonders of the creation of Allaah in the plants
in which almost every leaf, stem and fruit is full of benefit that human intellect
cannot fully comprehend and understand its details. Behold the water courses
of those tender and weak stems, which eyes can hardly see except by careful
observation, how they are able to draw water from the bottom to the top and
the water then moves in those courses according to their acceptability and
capacities. It then breaks into particles that cannot be perceived by human
eyes. Then behold, the fruit of a tree and how it moves from a stage to another
like the invincible movement of the conditions of a foetus. You see a tree
growing from a mere naked wood with no covering on it, then its Lord and
Creator covers it with leaves in the most beautiful manner. He then brings out
its fruit tender and weak after He has brought out its leaf in order to preserve
it and make it like a clothing for that weak fruit so as to protect it against heat,
cold and other harmful phenomena. He then provides sustenance for these
fruits through their stems and water courses so that they can be nourished by
that, as an infant is nourished by the milk of its mother. He then nurtures the
fruits and develop them until they become completely ripe. He thereby brought
out that delicious fruit out of that lifeless wooden-like particle.
When you look at the earth and how it was created, you will see that it is one
of the greatest signs of its Creator. Allaah makes it a resting place and as a
1
Fussilat 41:9-12
2
Al-Anbiyaa 21:30-32
14

bed, and subjected it to His slaves. He makes their sustenance, provision and
sources of livelihood there and created therein for them ways and paths so that
they can move about to meet their needs. He fixed it firmly with mountains
and makes them as pillars in order to protect it against shaking. He flattens it,
extends it and spreads it, makes it a receptacle for the living that brings them
together on its surface and makes it a receptacle for the dead that bring them
together in its interior after their death. Its surface is a place of dwelling for the
living and its interior is the place of abode for the dead.
Then look at its revolving orbit, with its sun, moon, stars and zodiacs and
behold how it continuously revolves around this world till the end of time in this
order and proper succession and see the differences in the night, day, seasons,
heat and cold which are results of these wonderful movements; and the
benefits they give to all kinds of animals and plants and all that exists on the
earth.
Then reflect over the creation of the heaven and take another look at it; you
will see that it is one of the greatest signs of Allaah in altitude, expansiveness
and stability. There is no pillar underneath it and there is no suspender over it
but held by the infinite power of Allaah which holds the heaven and the earth
lest they fall asunder.
When you also look at this universe, the composition of its parts and its best
arrangement – that show the perfect omnipotence of their Creator and His
perfect knowledge, wisdom and grace – you will find that it is like a
constructed edifice in which all its tools and requirements are provided. The
heaven was erected with its roof raised above it; the earth made like a place of
rest and a carpet for its dwellers; the sun and moon which are like lamps
illuminate the earth; and the stars which are its lanterns and adornment give
directions to the traveller in the paths of the universe. The jewels and minerals
that are hidden in the earth like prepared treasures are all made for the
purpose that best suits them. All kinds of plants and animals are also prepared
for what they are good for. Some animals are good for riding, some are good
for milking; some are good for food and some are better used as guards. And
He made man their controller and like an authorised king above all of them.
If you also ponder over this universe either in every respect or in a part of it,
you will see a lot of wonders. If you deeply reflect and you are sincere with
yourself and free yourself from the noose of whims and caprices and blind
imitation, you will know with certainty that this universe was created by the
All-Wise, All-Powerful and All-Knower, Who measured it in the best manner and
arranged it in the best form. You will also know with certainty that it is simply
impossible that the Creator should be two; He is only One Lord beside Whom
there is none other worthy of worship and that had there been any other god in
the heavens and the earth, their affairs would have been corrupted, their order
disrupted and their welfare broken down.
If you however insist on attributing the creation to others beside the Creator,
what will you say of the mechanism that revolves around a river whose tools
and composition have been perfected and excellently measured that the looker
does not see any defect in it or its picture. This river is situated in the middle of
a long garden in which there are different kinds of fruits that get their water
from this river; and there is in this garden a caretaker who brings its disunited
parts together and perfectly takes care of it so that nothing of it becomes
defected and nothing of its fruits becomes decayed. This caretaker then
portions out its parts to the outlets according to man’s needs and necessities,
giving each group what it deserves and portioning it out in this way
continuously.
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Will you then say that all this happened without the hand of any creator, who
has freedom of choice and is a planner? Will you say that the existence of that
mechanism and garden is just accidental without any creator or planner? Can
you imagine what your reason will tell you if all these were to come to being
accidentally? Can you imagine as to where your reason will direct you and
counsel you about?1
The underlying reasons:
After all these reflections over the creation of the universe, we deem it fit to
mention some of the reasons for which Allaah created these huge beings and
astounding signs.
1. To subject them for man: When Allaah decreed to create a successor on
this earth that would be worshipping him and inhabit the earth; He created all
these things for him, that he might have an upright life and have his affairs of
this life and that of his final abode put right for him. Allaah says,
“And He subjected to you all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth;
it is all as a favour and kindness from Him.”2
He also says,
“Allaah is He Who has created the heavens and the earth and sends down
water (rain) from the sky, and thereby brought forth fruits as provisions for
you; and He has made the ships to be of service to you, that they may sail
through the sea by His Command; and He has made rivers (also) to be of
service to you. And He has made sun and moon, both constantly pursuing their
courses, to be of service to you; and He has made the night and the day, to be
of service to you. And He gave you all of that you asked for, and if you count
the Blessings of Allaah, never will you be able to count them. Verily, man is
indeed an extreme wrong-doer, a disbeliever.”3
2. To make the heavens and the earth and all that is in the universe proofs
of Allaah's Lordship and signs of His Oneness. Because, the greatest thing in
this life, is to affirm the Lordship of Allaah and His Oneness. And because of
the fact that, it is the greatest matter, Allaah has established in its support
greatest evidences and signs and proved it with the most convincing proofs.
So, Allaah created the heavens, the earth and all other beings to make them
evidences for that. That is why statements like, “Among His signs” are
mentioned in the abundance like in the following verses.
“And among His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth.”
“And among His Signs is the sleep that you take by night and by day.”
“And among His Signs is that He shows you the lightning, by way of fear and
hope.”
“And among His Signs is that the heavens and the earth stand by His
Command.”4
1
This section is expunged from different places from the book, "Miftaahu daaris-sa 'aadat, p 251-269.
2
Al-Jaathiyah 45:13
3
Ibraaheem 14:32-34
4
Ar-Room 30:22-25
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3. To make them evidences of the existence of the Day of Resurrection;
since the life is two lives, a life of this world and a life of the hereafter and the
life of the hereafter is the real life. Allaah says,
“And this life of the world is only amusement and play! Verily, the home of the
hereafter – that is the life indeed (i.e., the eternal life that will never end), if
they but knew.”1
This is because the home of the hereafter is the home of recompense and
reckoning and there is there eternal bliss for those who deserve it and eternal
torment for those who deserve it. Since man cannot reach that home except
after he dies and is resurrected; its existence is denied by those whose
relationship with their Lord has been cut, whose nature has suffered a relapse
and whose sense of reasoning has been damaged. It is because of this that
Allaah established proofs and evidences in order that souls might believe and
hearts might have conviction; for reproduction of the soul is much easier than
its first creation and the creation of the heavens and the earth is greater than
the reproduction of man. Allaah says,
“And He it is Who originates the creation, then will repeat it (after it has been
perished) and this is easier for Him.”2
He also says,
“The creation of the heavens and the earth is indeed greater than the creation
of mankind, yet most of mankind know not.”3
He also says,
“Allaah is He Who raised the heavens without any pillars that you can see.
Then, He rose above the Throne (really in a manner that suits His Majesty). He
has subjected the sun and the moon (to continue going round)! Each running
(its course) for a time appointed. He regulates all affairs, explaining the proofs
in detail, that you may believe with certainty in the meeting with your Lord.”4
After all this O man! If all this universe has been subjected to you and all its
signs and proofs have been shown to you, you will testify that there is no Lord
worthy of worship except Allaah Alone Who has no partner. When you have
known that your resurrection and life after death is easier than the creation of
the heavens and the earth, that you shall meet your Lord Who will call you to
account for your deeds and you have known that all this universe worships its
Lord that all His creatures glorify their Lord with praises as confirmed by
Allaah,
“Whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth glorifies Allaah,
the King (of everything), the Holy, the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.”5
That, they all prostrate for His Majesty as He says,
1
Al-Ankaboot 29:64
2
Ar-Room 30:27
3
Ghaafir 40:57
4
Ar-Ra‘d 13:2
5
Al-Jumu‘ah 62:1
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“See you not that to Allaah prostrates whoever is in the heavens and whoever
is on the earth, and the sun, and the moon and the stars, and the mountains,
and the trees, and the moving living creatures and many of mankind? But
there are many (men) on whom the punishment is justified. And whomsoever
Allaah disgraces none can honour him. Verily, Allaah does what He wills.”1
Even these beings worship their Lord in a way that suits them as explained by
Allaah in this verse,
“See you not that Allaah, He it is Whom glorify whatsoever is in the heavens
and the earth, and the birds with wings out-spread (in flight). Of each one He
knows indeed his prayer and his glorification [for every one knows his prayer
and his glorification].”2
If your whole body does actually work in order according to the decree of
Allaah and His regulation: the heart, the lungs, the liver and all other parts of
the body submit and surrender to their Lord… Will your optional decision after
all this be between belief in your Lord and disbelief in Him? Will your decision
be antipathy towards and deviation from this blessed path of the world around
you and even of your body?
Actually, the completely sane man will consider himself far above choosing
antipathy and deviation in the vastness of this great universe.
1
Al-Hajj 22:18
2
An-Noor 24:41
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Creating And Honouring Man
It was a decision of Allaah to create a creature that could inhabit this universe
and His choice fell on man. It is also in accordance with His Divine Wisdom that
the matter from which man was created was the earth. He originated his
creation from clay and then moulded him on this beautiful shape that he has
now. When he has become completely perfect in that shape, He breathed life
into him through His Spirit (Angel Jibreel -Gabriel) and He made him become
man in the best form; provided him with the ability to hear, see, move and
speak. Then his Lord made him live in Paradise, taught him all that he needed
to know, made lawful for him all that was in Paradise and forbade him from a
single tree – as a test for him.
Allaah wanted to show man's position and standing; so He commanded His
Angels to prostrate for him. All of the Angels prostrated but Satan arrogantly
and obstinately refused to prostrate. So Allaah became angry with him for his
disobedience and expelled him from His Mercy because of his arrogance. Satan
asked Allaah to extend his life and give him respite till the Day of Resurrection.
So, Allaah extended his life till the Day of Resurrection.
Satan became envious of Adam because of the preference he and his children
were given over him. He swore by His Lord that he would mislead all the
children of Adam, that he would come to them from their front and rear, and
from their left and from their right except the sincere, pious and truthful slaves
of Allaah among them, for such Allaah has protected against the evil plans of
Satan. Allaah warned Adam of the evil plan of Satan, but Satan tempted Adam
and his wife Hawwa in order to get them out of Paradise and to uncover for
them that which was hidden from them of their private parts. He swore by
Allaah to them that he was a sincere well-wisher for them and that Allaah had
not forbidden them from that tree save they should become angels or become
of the immortals.
Having been influenced by the deception of Satan, Adam and Hawwa ate of the
forbidden tree and the first punishment that afflicted them for their
disobedience of Allaah’s command was that, which that was hidden from them
of their private parts became exposed and Allaah reminded them of His
warning about the tricks of Satan.
Adam then sought for the forgiveness of his Lord. So Allaah forgave Him,
accepted his repentance, chose him and guided him. He then ordered him to
descend from the Paradise where he was living, to the earth wherein there was
his abode and his enjoyment for a time. He also told him that it was from earth
that he was created, that on it he would live and die and that it is from it that
he would be resurrected.
Adam and his wife Hawwa then descended to the earth and their children
procreated and they all used to worship Allaah, because their father Adam was
a Prophet. Allaah tells us this story in the glorious Qur’aan where He says,
“And surely We created you (your father Adam) and then gave you shape,
then We told the angels, ‘Prostrate to Adam’, and they prostrated except
Iblees (Satan), he refused to be of those who prostrate. (Allaah) said, ‘What
prevented you (O Iblees) that you did not prostrate when I commanded you?’
Iblees said, ‘I am better than him (Adam), You created me from fire and You
created him from clay.’ Allaah said, ‘(O Iblees) get down from this (Paradise),
19

it is not for you to be arrogant here. Get out, for you are of those humiliated
and disgraced.’ (Iblees) said, ‘Allow me respite till the Day they are raised up.’
Allaah said, ‘You are of those allowed respite…’ ”1
Consider the greatness of Allaah’s work in man. He created him in the best
form, clothed him with traits of honour like intellect, knowledge, eloquence, art
of speaking, beautiful figure, moderate body, ability to acquire knowledge
through analogical deduction and thinking and ability to acquire noble
characteristics like, righteousness, acts of obedience and submission to Allaah.
Far is his condition while he was just a drop of sperm kept in the womb of his
mother from his creation while the Angel will enter upon him in the Paradise.
“So blessed be Allaah, the Best of Creators.”2
This world is a village and man is its inhabitant. All is preoccupied because of
him and all is made to work for his interests. All other creatures are made to
serve him and provide for his needs. The angels are charged to protect him
during day and night. Those of them who are charged with provision of rain
and plants strive to provide him with his sustenance; orbits are made to
surrender to him and revolve in his services; the sun, moon and stars are all
subjected to move in line with his time reckoning and for the betterment of his
food arrangement. The aerial world with its winds, clouds, birds and all that it
contains is also subjected to him. So is the lower world with all its seas and
rivers, its trees and fruits, its plants and animals and all that is in it. Allaah
says,
“Allaah is he Who has created the heavens and the earth and sends down
water (rain) from the sky, and thereby brought forth fruits as provisions for
you; and he has made the ship to be of service to you, that may sail through
the sea by His Command; and He has made rivers also to be of service to you.
And He has made the sun and the moon, both constantly pursuing their
courses, to be of service to you; and He has made the night and the day, to be
of service to you. And He gave you all that you asked for, and if you count the
blessings of Allaah, never will you be able to reckon them. Verily, man is
indeed an extreme wrong-doer, a disbeliever.”3
To complete His honour on man, He created for him all that he needs in his
worldly life and all that he needs that can make him attain the highest
positions in the Hereafter. He as such, revealed to him His Books and sent to
him His Messengers explaining to him the Law of Allaah and calling him unto it.
Then Allaah created for him from his own self – meaning from Adam himself –
a wife, so that he might enjoy the pleasure of living with her, in response to his
natural needs, be it psychological, intellectual and physical. He then found with
her comfort, tranquillity and stability and both of them found in their
togetherness peace, contentedness, love and mercy; because of their physical,
psychological and nervous composition, both of them are made to respond to
the desires of each other and both are made to be in harmony in the process of
producing new generations. The souls of both are enriched with these feelings
and their relationship is filled with comfort for the soul and nerves, peace for
the body and mind, stability for the life and subsistence, familiarity for souls
and conscience and a tranquillity for the man and woman on an equal basis.
Allaah then chose the believers among mankind and made them his friends. He
made them obey Him and work for Him according to his Laws in order to make
them qualify to live in His Paradise. He chose among them Prophets,
1
Soratul A‘raaf 7:11-25
2
Al-Mu’minoon 23:14
3
Ibraaheem 14:32-34
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Messengers, saints and martyrs and blessed then in this world with the best
favour that human souls can enjoy: worshipping Allaah, obeying Him and
supplicating to him. He also distinguished them with great favours – that
others cannot get – among which are: peace, tranquillity and happiness, and
greater than all this is the fact that they know the truth that was brought by
the Messengers and believe in it. Allaah then keeps for them – in the Hereafter
– the everlasting bliss and great success that befit His generosity, glory be to
Him. He will also reward their belief in Him and their sincerity to Him and will
give them more out of His Bounty.
The position of woman:
In Islaam, the woman is accorded a high position which she was not accorded
in any of the previous religions and which no nation will accord her but Islaam.
This is because, the honour that Islaam conferred on mankind is shared by
both man and woman on equal basis. Mankind are equal before rules of Allaah
in this world as they will be equal as regards His reward and recompense on
the Last Day. Allaah says,
“And indeed, We have honoured the children of Adam.”1
He also says,
“There is a share for men and a share for women from what is left by parents
and those nearest related.”2
“And they (women) have rights (over their husbands as regards living
expenses) similar (to those of their husbands) over them (as regards
obedience and respect) to what is reasonable.”3
“The believers, men and women are auliya (helpers, supporters, friends,
protectors) of one another.”4
“And your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him. And that you be
dutiful to your parents. If one of them or both of them attain old age in your
life, say not to them a word of disrespect, nor shout at them but address them
in terms of honour. And lower unto them a wing of submission and humility
through mercy, and say; ‘My Lord! Bestow on them Your Mercy as they did
bring me up when I was young.’5
“So their Lord accepted their supplication (saying); ‘Never will I allow to be
lost the work of any of you, be he male or female.’6
“Whoever works righteousness – whether male or female – while he or she is
a true believer (of Islaamic monotheism) verily, to him we will give a good life
(in this world with respect, contentment and lawful provision), and we shall
pay them certainly a reward in proportion to the best of what they used to do.’7
‘And whoever does righteous good deeds, male or female, and is a true
believer (in the Oneness of Allaah), such will enter paradise and not the least
1
Al-Nisaa 17:70.
2
An-Nisaa 4: 7
3
Al-Baqarah 2: 228
4
At-Tawbah 9:71
5
Al-Israa 17: 23-24.
6
Aal-Imraan 3:195
7
An-Nahl 16: 97
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injustice, even to the size of a speck on the back of a date-stone, will be done
to them.’1
This honour that the woman enjoys in Islaam has no equal in any other
religion, creed or law. Roman civilization had had it established that woman
should be a slave and a subordinate of man and that she should absolutely has
no rights at all. There was even a great conference in Rome where affairs of
the woman were discussed. The conclusion reached at the conference was that,
the woman was a lifeless being and as such could not have share in the life of
the hereafter and that she was impure.
In Athens, woman used to be regarded as a scraps. She would be sold and
bought like any other commodity and she was being regarded an abomination
of Satan's handiwork.
According to the ancient Indian statutes, the plague, death, hell, poison of
serpents and fire are all better than woman. Her right to live used to end with
the death of her husband – who was regarded as her master. When she saw
the corpse of her husband being burnt, she must throw herself into it and if she
did not, she would be accursed.
As for Judaism, the following judgement was passed on her in the Old
Testament.
“I moved around with my heart in order to know, search and look for wisdom
and intelligence, and in other to know that evil is ignorance and that stupidity
is madness. And I found that worse than death is woman who is a snare and
her heart is like a shoelace and her hands are shackles."2
Such was the condition of woman in the ancient times. As for medieval and
contemporary times, the following events explain that.
The Danish writer, Wieth Kordsten explained the position of the Catholic
Church as regards woman when he said, “During the medieval times, the
concern that was had for European woman was very limited and this is in
conformity with the view of the Catholic creed that used to regard woman as a
second-class human being.”
In France, a conference was held in the year 586 A.D. where the issue of
woman was discussed as to whether she should be regarded as a human
being or not. At the end of the discussion, the discussants concluded that she
was a human being but that she was created for the service of man.
In French law, article 217 says; “The married woman- even if her marriage is
based on separation between her right of ownership and that of her husband-
should not give anyone ownership of anything of her property with or without
compensation except with the participation of her husband in the transaction or
his written consent to that.”
In England, Henry the VIII prohibited the English woman from reading the Holy
Book, until 1850, women were not considered citizens of England and up till
1882, they had no personal rights.3
1
An-Nisaa 4: 124
2
Sifrul jaami 'ah 7:25-26. It is known that the Old Testament is hallowed and believed in by both the Christians and the
Jews.
Note: The two verses were translated directly from Arabic version quoted by the author because the translator could not
find them in the Biblical version available to him nor could he find the name of the book in English.=Translator.
3
Silsilatu muqaaranatil adyaan – Dr. Ahmad Shalaby 3/210-213
22

As for the condition of woman in contemporary Europe, America and other
industrial nations, she is regarded as a common creature that should be
utilized for commercial purposes, for she is a part of commercial
advertisement. This has even reached a situation where she is stripped naked
in order to advertise commodities on her body. Her body and honour have
become desecrated based on regulations laid down by men in order to make
her an object of enjoyment everywhere.
The contemporary woman is an abject of care and attention as long as she is
able to give out her wealth, intelligence and body. But when she becomes old
and loses her means of giving, the society individually and collectively
abandons her and she lives lonely in her house or in the sanatorium.
Compare the above – although they cannot be equal – with what the Noble
Qur'aan says,
“The believers men and women are friends of one another.”1
“And they (woman) have rights (over their husbands) similar (to those of their
husbands) over them.”2
“And your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him. And that you be
dutiful to your parents. If one of them or both of them attain old age in your
life, say not to them a word of disrespect, nor shout at them but address them
in terms of honour. And lower unto them the wing of submission and humility
through mercy, and say: ‘My Lord! Bestow on them your mercy as they did
bring me up when I was young.’3
While Allaah honours woman, He makes it clear to all mankind that He created
her to be mother, wife, daughter and sister; and ordained for these roles,
special regulations that are peculiar to her.
1
At-Tawbah 9: 71
2
Al-Baqarah 2: 229
3
Al-Israa 17: 23-24
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Why was man created?
It has been discussed in the previous chapter that, Allaah created Adam and
created for him his wife, Hawwa and made them live in Paradise. Then Adam
disobeyed his Lord and later sought for His forgiveness. Allaah then accepted
his repentance and guided him. Allaah then ordered him to go out of the
Paradise and descend unto the earth. Allaah, glory be Him and He be exalted
has in that, a wisdom which human intelligence can not perceive and which
their tongue can not describe. We are going to mention here some of those
wisdoms and underlying reasons.
1. That Allaah created the creation for His worship. That is the purpose of
creating them. He says,
“And I created not the jinn and mankind except that they should worship Me.”1
It is also known that the perfection of the worship that is required of man can
not take in the abode of bliss and eternity but in the abode of trials and
tribulation. The abode of eternity is that of bliss, not that of examination and
commandments.
2. Allaah wanted to take among mankind Prophets, Messengers, friend and
martyrs whom He would love and who would love Him. He then left them alone
with his enemies and put them to trial by them. So when they preferred Him
above all other things and sacrificed their lives and properties in order to gain
His pleasure and love, they attained of His love and pleasure what they could
not have attained without that initially. So the status of prophethood and
martyrdom is of the best degrees before Allaah and could not have attained
that except by the way decreed by Allaah that Aadam and his offspring had to
descend to the earth.
3. Allaah is the only True and Evident King. The King is the One Who
commands and forbids; rewards and punishes; disgraces and honours;
strengthens and debases. Allaah’s sovereignty therefore necessitates that he
sends Adam and his offspring to an abode in which the rules of sovereignty will
be implemented on them and then move them to an abode where there is
reward for all that they did.
4. Allaah created Adam from a handful of all soils of the earth; and there is
good and bad and low and high in the land. Allaah knows that there are among
– the children of Adam – those who are unsuitable to stay with Him in His
house, therefore, He made Adam descend to an abode where He distinguishes
between the good and bad ones. Then Allaah chose for them two distinct
abodes: He made good ones dwellers of His Abode (made them enter
Paradise), and made the bad ones dwellers of the abode of misery (Hell-Fire).
5. To Allaah belong the Beautiful Names. Among His Names are: Al-Ghafoor
(the Oft-Forgiving), Ar-Raheem (the Most-Gracious). Al-Afuww (Oft-
Pardoning), An-Haleem (Most-Forbearing). Since the impacts of these names
must manifest, the Wisdom of Allaah necessitates that Adam and his children
must descend to an abode where the impacts of the Beautiful Names of Allaah
could materialise on them. So that He might forgive whoever He wills, have
mercy on whomever He wills, pardon whosoever He wills and forbear for
whosoever He wills and other different ways in which His Names and Attributes
can be manifest.
6. Allaah created Adam and his children from a composition that is
naturally inclined to good and evil, responsive to the causes of lusts and
1
Adh-Dhaariyaat 51: 56
24

temptations and to the causes of reason and knowledge. He created in him
reason and lust and created in both necessary factors so that His Will might be
accomplished and that He might show to His slaves His greatness in Wisdom,
Might; and His Mercy, Kindness and Benevolence in His Authority and
Sovereignty. He then, out of His Wisdom sent Adam and his children to the
earth so that the test might take place therein and impacts of man’s
preparedness for these factors and his responsiveness to them might become
manifest, and Allaah may then use that basis to award honour or disgrace to
whom it is due.
7. Belief in the Unseen is the useful belief. As for the belief in the seen,
everyone will believe on the Day of Resurrection. If people were created in the
Abode of Bliss (Paradise), they would not have attained the degree of belief in
the Unseen that ends in enjoyment and honour. It is for this reason that Allaah
sent them to the abode in which they could have opportunity to believe in the
Unseen.
8. Allaah wants by that, to show His slaves on whom He has bestowed His
favour, the perfection of that favour and its greatness so that they might thank
Allaah and love Him the most and have the fullest enjoyment of the bliss which
Allaah has bestowed on them. Allaah therefore, shows them what He did to His
enemies and the punishment that He has prepared for them. He also makes
them witness the highest kinds of bliss which He has bestowed on them, so
that their joy might increase. This is an aspect of completing His favours on
them. Therefore, to make them achieve all this, He must send them to the
earth, put them to test and then make whosoever He wills to succeed out of
mercy and kindness from Him, and disgrace whosoever He wills among them
out of His wisdom and justice, for He is All-Knower, All-Wise.
9. Allaah wants Adam and his children to go back to the Paradise while they
are in the best state. So before they enter it, He wants to make them taste of
the hardship, sorrow and distress of the world so that the value of entering
Paradise in the Hereafter will be great in their estimation, for it is the opposite
of an object that shows its beauty.1
After the origin of man has been made clear, it is now appropriate to explain
his need for the true religion.
1
See: Miftaah daaris-Sa‘aadah 1 / 6-11
25

MAN’S NEED FOR RELIGION
Man’s need for religion is greater than his need for other necessities of life. For,
man must know the things that please Allaah as well as those that displease
Him. He must also carry out activities that can bring him benefits and others
that can avert from him harm. So, it is the Divine Law that distinguishes
between the deeds that benefit and those that bring harm. That is Allaah’s
justice in His creation and His Light among His servants and it is not possible
for people to live without Divine Law with which they can differentiate between
what they should do and what they should not do.
If man actually has a will, he must then know what he wants. Does he want
what will benefit him or what will harm him? Does he want what will reform
him or what will corrupt him? Some people know this naturally, some know it
through application of their sense of reasoning and some yet do not know it
except through explanation by the Messengers and their guidance.1
However the atheistic and materialistic thoughts may be widespread and
adorned; and ideologies and theories thrive, individuals and societies will never
do without true religion. For these ideologies can never provide for man’s
spiritual and physical needs. And the more man goes deeper in them, the more
he is convinced that they cannot give him security nor satiate his thirst and
that the true religion is unavoidable.
Ernest Rinan said, “All things that we hold dear can dwindle, and freedom of
using one’s intelligence, knowledge and expertise can become worthless. But it
is impossible for religion to be effaced. It will rather remain a living proof on
the futility of material ideology that wants to restrict man into despicable
narrows of the earthly life.”2
Muhammad Fareed Wajdee said: “It is impossible for religious thinking to
vanish, for it is the highest and noblest of human mind’s inclinations, not to
mention the fact that it is an inclination that elevates man. Rather than
dwindle, this inclination shall be increasing. Religious nature of man will always
pursue him as long as he can discern what is beautiful and what is ugly and
this nature shall continue to increase in him according to sublimity of his
mental faculties and progress in his knowledge.” 3
So if man keeps away from his Lord, it is through the sublimity of his mental
faculties and wideness of his knowledge that he recognizes the greatness of his
ignorance about his Lord and what is due to Him, and his ignorance of his own
self, what is good for him and what is harmful to him; what gives him
happiness and what will cause him misery. He will also recognise his ignorance
of scientific details like astronomy, science of galaxies, reckoning, nuclear
sciences and so forth. It is then that the world will abandon the stage of
delusion and arrogance to that of humility and submission and then believe
that there is behind these sciences a knowledgeable and Wise One and that
there is behind the nature an Able Creator. This reality will then force the
impartial scholar to believe in the unseen, to surrender to the upright religion
and to respond to the call of natural instinct. But when man withdraws from
this path, his nature will relapse and he will come down to the level of dumb
animals.
1
See At-Tadmuriyyah by Sheikhul-Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah p. 213-214; and Miftaahu daaris-Sa‘aadah 2 / 383.
2
See Ad-Deen by Muhammad Abdullah Daraaz p. 87.
3
Ibid. 88.
26

We conclude from all the above, that the true religiosity – that depends on
belief in the Oneness of Allaah and performing acts of worship according to His
injunctions – is a necessary element of life, so that man actualizes through
that, his servitude to Allaah, Lord of all the worlds and attain through that,
happiness and safety from destruction, hardship and misery. It is also
necessary for perfecting the theoretical aptitude in man. It is only through it
that the intellectual hunger can be satiated, and its highest goals attained.
Equally, religion is a necessary element for purification of the soul and
refinement of emotional power, for noble sentiments find in the religion an
abundant space and a spring whose water does not dry up where noble
sentiments find their goals attained.
It is a necessary element for the perfection of will power because of the
support it gives it through great impetus and major means of resisting
elements of despair.
In view of this, if there are some who say that man is civil by nature, we must
also say: “Man is religious by nature”, for man has two powers: scientific
speculative power and will power. His complete happiness depends on
perfecting his scientific and will power and the perfection of his scientific power
cannot take place except by knowing the following:
1. Knowing the True Lord Who is the Creator and the Provider; Who
created man from nothingness and bestowed on him favours.
2. Knowing His Names and Attributes and all that is due to Him; and the
impacts of these Names on His slaves.
3. Knowing the way that leads to Him, may He be glorified.
4. Knowing the hindrances and harms that prevent man from knowing the
way and the great bliss that the way leads to.
5. Having a real cognisance of your own soul, its needs, recognising what is
good for it and what is harm to it, and knowing its qualities and defects.
It is by knowing these five things that man can perfect his scientific power. And
perfection of his scientific and will power can not occur except by respecting
the rights of Allaah upon His slaves and carrying out these rights sincerely,
truthfully, according to the Sunnah of the Prophet and as a testimony of His
favour on him. There is no way to perfection of these two powers except by His
help. He therefore needs to be guided to the Straight Path which Allaah guided
His friends.1
After we have known that the True Religion is the Divine support for different
powers of the soul, we should also know that religion is the protective shield
for the society. This is because human life cannot be alright except through
mutual cooperation and this cooperation cannot take place except through a
system that regulates human relationships, defines their obligations and
guarantees their rights. This system is also in need of a curbing and restraining
authority that can prevent the soul from violating the system, encourage it to
preserve it, guarantees its relevance and prevents men from desecrating it.
What then is this power?
There is not on the face of this earth any power that can match the power of
religiosity or even close to that in guaranteeing the respect for order, societal
cohesion, stability of it’s system and harmonising the means of comfort and
tranquillity in the society.
1
Al-Fawaaid 18,19.
27

The underlying reason for this is that, man is distinguished from other living
things in that, all his voluntary movements and actions are controlled by an
inaudible and invincible element. That element is faith which refines the soul
and purifies the limbs. Man, is therefore, always controlled by a true or false
belief. If his belief is correct, everything in him will be correct, but if his belief
is corrupt, everything in him will be corrupt.
Faith is a spontaneous watcher over man; and it is – as noticed in all men – of
two types:
- Belief in the value of moral excellence, human dignity and other ordinary
concepts that high-minded people will feel shy to violate even if they were free
from external consequences and material recompense.
- Belief in Allaah – may He be Glorified and Exalted – and the fact that He
is Ever-Watchful of the secrets and knows all that is hidden; from Whose
Commandments and prohibitions the Islaamic Law derives its power and before
Whom the senses profusely feel mortified out of love for Him or fear of Him or
both. There is no doubt that this type of faith is the stronger of both in exerting
authority over human mind. It is also the stronger in resisting the tornadoes of
whims and inconsistency of sentiments and quicker in leaving impacts on the
minds of people and their leaders.
It is because of this that religion is the best guarantor for the establishment of
relationships among people on the basis of justice and impartiality which is a
necessity in any society. There is no wonder then that religion occupies in the
human society the position of the heart in human body.1
If this is the position of religion generally – and what we see in today’s world is
multiplicity of religions and creeds, where each group rejoices in its belief and
holds tenaciously to it – what then is the true religion that can achieve for the
human mind what it yearns for? And what are the general criteria of the True
Religion?
1
See: Ad-deen p. 98, 102.
28

GENERAL CRITERIA OF THE TRUE RELIGION
Every adherent of a creed believes that his creed is the true one, and all
followers of a religion believe that their religion is the ideal one and the most
upright path. When you ask the followers of adulterated religions or followers
of man-made creeds about the proof for their belief, they argue that they
found their fathers on a faith and are just following their paths. They then
relate narrations and stories whose chains of transmitters are not sound and
whose texts are not free from faults and defects. They only depend on
inherited books whose authors, recorders and even their original languages
and their sources are unknown. They are only mixed-up stories concocted
together, magnified and inherited generation after generation without any
scholastic verification of their chains of transmitters and precise checking of
their texts.
These unknown books, narrations and blind imitations cannot be taken as
evidences in matters of religions and beliefs. Or is it possible that all these
adulterated religions and man-made creeds are true or false?
It is impossible that all these religions are true, for truth is only one and cannot
be numerous. It is also impossible that all these adulterated religions and man-
made beliefs are all from Allaah and therefore true. Then, since there are
numerous religions and the true is only one, which of them is then the true
religion? There should, therefore, be criteria for distinguishing the true religion
from the false. If we find that these criteria fit a religion, we know that it is the
true religion; and when all or one of these criteria is lacking in any religion, we
know that it is a false religion.
The criteria by which we distinguish the true religion from the false ones are:
One: That the religion must be from Allaah, revealed through an angel to one
of His Messengers in order to convey it to mankind. For the true religion is
Allaah’s, and it is He Who will recompense His slaves and take them to
reckoning on the Day of Resurrection concerning the religion that He revealed
to them. He says,
“Verily, We have sent the revelation to you (O Muhammad) as We sent the
revelation to Nooh (Noah) and the Prophets after him; We also sent the
revelation to Ibraheem (Abraham), Ismaa’eel (Ishmael), Is’haaq (Issac),
Ya‘qoob (Jacob) and Al-Asbaat (the offspring of the twelve sons of Ya‘qoob),
‘Eesaa (Jesus), Ayoob (Job), Yoonus (Jonah), Haroon (Aaron) and Sulaiman
(Solomon); and to Dawood (David) We gave the Psalms.”1
He, may He be glorified- also says,
revealed to him (saying): none has the right to be worshipped but Me. So
worship Me.”2
Based on the above verses and criteria, any religion that is brought by any
man and attributed to himself and not to Allaah is definitely a false religion.
Two: That the religion should call to the worship of Allaah alone; should
prohibit Shirk (polytheism of any form) and all that can lead to it. This is
1
An-Nisaa 4:163
2
Al-Anbiyaa 21:25
29

because, the call to the oneness of Allaah is the primary mission of all Prophets
and Messengers. Every Prophet told his people:
“Worship Allaah! You have no other god but Him.”1
Three: It should be in agreement with the principles unto which all the
Messengers call their people which are to worship Allaah alone and to avoid
polytheism, unruliness to parents, killing of a person unjustly and all other
immoral things, be they hidden or apparent. Allaah says,
revealed to Him (saying): None has the right to be worshipped but I, so
worship Me.”2
He also says,
“Say (O Muhammad): Come I will recite what your Lord has prohibited you
from: Join not anything in worship with Him; Be good and dutiful to your
parents; kill not your children because of poverty – We provide sustenance for
you and for them; come not near to Al-Fawaahish (Shameful sins, illegal
sexual intercourse) whether committed openly or secretly; and kill not anyone
whom Allaah has forbidden, except for a just cause (according to Islaamic
Law). This He has commanded you that you may understand.”3
He also says,
“And ask (O Muhammad) those of Our Messengers whom We sent before you:
‘Did We ever appoint gods to be worshipped besides the Most-Gracious
(Allaah).’ ”4
Four: It should not be self-contradicting by commanding a matter and
contradicting it by another. It should also not forbid something and then allow
what is similar to it without any reason or prohibit something for some group
and permit it for others. Allaah says,
“Do they not then consider the Qur’aan carefully? Had it been from other than
Allaah, they would surely have found therein many contradictions.”5
Five: The religion should include what can preserve for people, their religion,
honour, properties, lives and offspring through its commandments,
prohibitions, deterrents and morals that it ordains to protect these five general
factors.
Six: It should serve as a mercy for mankind and save them from their own
injustices and the injustices they commit against one another through usurping
others' rights and the general amenities or through misleading the weak at the
hands of the strong. Allaah says while explaining the mercy that the Torah
which was given to Prophet Moosaa entails,
“And when the anger of Moosaa was calmed down, he took up the Tablets; and
in their inscription was guidance and mercy for those who fear their Lord.”6
1
Al-A‘raaf 7:73
2
Al- 21:25
3
Al-An‘aam 6:151
4
Az-Zukhruf 43:45
5
An-Nisaa 4:82
6
Al-A‘raaf 7:154
30

He also says informing us about the message of Prophet Eesaa,
“And (We wish) to appoint him as a sign to mankind and a mercy from Us.”1
He says about Prophet Saalih,
“He said, ‘O my people: Tell me, if I am (acting) on a clear proof from my
Lord, and there has come to me a mercy (Prophethood) from Him, who will
save me from Allaah if I disobey Him?’”2
He says about the Qur’aan,
“And We send down of the Qur’aan that which is a healing and a mercy to
those who believe.”3
Seven: It should entail guidance to the Law of Allaah, and teach man the
intention of Allaah by that Law. It should also be able to tell man his origin and
his final destination. Allaah says about the Torah,
“Verily, We did send down the Torah, therein was guidance and light.”4
He says about the Injeel (the Book given to Eesaa),
“And We gave him the Injeel, in which was guidance and light.”5
He says about the Qur’aan,
“It is He Who has sent His Messenger (Muhammad) with guidance and the
religion of truth.”6
The true religion is the one that includes guidance to the Law of Allaah, gives
peace and tranquillity to the mind, protect it from all insinuations, answers all
its questions and resolves every problem.
Eight: It should call to noble characters and deeds like truthfulness, honesty,
modesty, chastity and generosity. It should also prohibit bad conducts like
disobedience to parents, killing innocent souls, all kinds of immoralities, lies,
injustice, aggression, stinginess and sins.
Nine: It should be able to provide happiness for those who believe in it. Allaah
says,
“Taa Haa. We have not sent down the Qur’aan unto you (O Muhammad) to
cause you distress.”7
It should also be in harmony with upright nature. “(This is) Allaah’s nature
upon which He has created mankind.”8
It must also be in harmony with sound
reason, because the true religion is legislated by Allaah and the sound reason
1
Maryam 19:21
2
Hood 11:63
3
Al-Israa 17:82
4
Al-Maaidah 5:44
5
Al-Maaidah 5:46
6
At-Tawbah 9:33
7
Taa Haa 20:1-2
8
Ar-Room 30:30
31

is created by Allaah and it is therefore impossible that the Law of Allaah and
the creatures of Allaah should contradict each other.
Ten: It should lead to the truth, warn against falsehood, keep people away
from error and lead them to the Straight Path where there is no crookedness.
Allaah speaks about the jinn that when they heard the Qur’aan being recited,
some of them told others, “O our people! Verily! We have heard a Book (the
Qur’aan) sent down after Moosaa, confirming what came before it: It guides to
the truth and the Straight Path.”1
It should not call to what will cause people misery, as Allaah says about the
Qur’aan,
“Taa Haa. We have not sent down the Qur’aan unto you to cause you
distress.”2
The true religion should also not enjoin on people what can cause them
destruction. Allaah says,
“And do not kill yourselves. Surely, Allaah is the Most-Merciful to you.”3
It should also not distinguish between its adherents on the basis of race, colour
or clan. Allaah says,
“O mankind! We have created you from a male and a female and made you
into nations and tribes, that you may know one another. Verily, the most
honourable of you with Allaah is that (believer) who is most pious. Verily,
Allaah is All-Knowing, All-Aware.”4
Therefore, the recognised criterion for giving people precedence in the true
religion is piety.
After mentioning the criteria for distinguishing between the true religion and
the false ones and citing evidences from the Qur’aan that these Criteria are
general in the case of all truthful Messengers sent by Allaah, it is then very
appropriate to mention types of religion.
1
Al-Ahqaaf 46:30
2
Taa Haa 20:1-2
3
An-Nisaa 4:29
4
Al-Hujuraat 49:13
32

TYPES OF RELIGIONS
Mankind are divided as far as their faiths are concerned into two categories:
A category that have a Book that was revealed to them like the Jews,
Christians and Muslims. As for the Jews and Christians, the Books that were
revealed to their Prophets have been lost as a result of their ignorance of what
was in their Books; their taking of men as gods beside Allaah and the long time
that had passed between them and their acquaintance with these Books. So
their priests wrote some books which they claimed to be from Allaah while they
were not from Allaah but only wrong assumptions of liars and distortion of
fanatics.
As for the Book of the Muslims (the Noble Qur’aan), it is the last Divine Book to
be revealed and the strongest and most firm. Allaah Himself guaranteed its
preservation and did not delegate that to mankind. He says,
“Verily, We it is, Who has sent down the Dhikr (i.e., Qur’aan) and surely, We
will guard it.”1
The Qur’aan is therefore preserved in the hearts of people and in the Book, for
it is the last Book which Allaah has guaranteed for the guidance of mankind. He
has made it a proof against them till the Last Hour and has decreed its
perpetuity. He provides for it in every age those who will observe its limits and
words, act by its law and believe in it. Further explanations about this Book will
be given in a later section.2
There is another section of religious adherents who have no revealed Book
from Allaah, even though they possess an inherited book which is attributed to
the founder of the religion like Hindus, Magians, Buddhists, Confucians and
Arabs before the advent of Muhammad.
There is not a nation that does not have some knowledge and carry out some
activities by which their worldly interests are achieved. This is the general
knowledge which Allaah endowed every human being, even animals; for the
animal is also guided as to how to attain what benefits it like food and drink
and to avert what harms it; and Allaah has created in it the love for the former
and aversion for the latter. He says,
“Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High, Who has created (everything)
and then proportioned it. And Who has measured (preordainment for
everything), and guided (i.e., showed mankind the right as well as the wrong
paths and guided the animals to pasture).”3
He also says, informing us of what Prophet Moosaa told Pharaoh,
“Our Lord is He Who gave to each things its form and nature, then guided it
aright.”4
1
Al-Hijr 15:9.
2
3
Al-A‘laa 87:1-3.
4
Taa Haa 20:50.
33

He also informs us about Prophet Ibraaheem that he said of His Lord, “Who has
created me and it is He Who guides me.”1
It is known to every sane person – who has the least reflection and sense of
thinking – that adherents of religions are better in useful sciences and
righteous deeds than those with no religion. There is therefore, no good thing
found with non-Muslims among adherents of other religions except that the
Muslims possess what is better and more perfect, so the adherents of religions
possess what others do not possess. For sciences and deeds are two types:
First: That which is achieved through intelligence and reason like astronomy,
medical sciences and vocations. Though adherents of religions and atheists are
equal in possession of these things; the adherents of religions are better in
them. As for those things that cannot be known through mere reason like
theology and religious sciences, these are prerogatives of the followers of
religions. There are among this kind of knowledge that which can be proved by
logical evidences, so the Messengers guided men unto how logical evidences
proof that; which is both logical and legal.
Second: What cannot be known except through the information given by the
Messengers. This kind of knowledge and deeds cannot be achieved through
human reason, like knowledge about Allaah, His Names and Attributes, the
bliss that is in the Hereafter for whoever obeys Allaah and the punishment for
those who disobey Him, the explanations on His injunctions and the
information about the past Prophets and their peoples and so on.2
1
Ash-Shuaraa 26:78, See: Al-Jawaab As-Saheeh 4, Page 97.
2
See Majmoo’ Fataawaa Shaikhul Islaam 4 p. 210-211.
34

CONDITIONS OF THE EXISTING RELIGIONS
Great religions, their old books and ancient laws have become easy preys to
frivolous and fraudulent people, an object of mockery for distorters and
hypocrites and targets of bloody incidences and great calamities so much so
that they have lost their spirit and shape. If their first adherents and prophets
were to be resurrected now, they would surely have denied them and
proclaimed to be ignorant of them.
Judaism*
– today – has become a set of rituals and traditions with no spirit or
life. Apart from this, it is an racial religion peculiar to a particular race and
carries no message for the world, nor any mission for the people or any mercy
for mankind.
This religion has been afflicted in its fundamental creed which is its motto
among other religions and nations. And it has been a noble religion while it was
the religion of monotheism which Prophets Ibraheem and Ya‘qoob commanded
their children to follow. The Jews had adopted many concepts from the beliefs
of corrupt nations with whom they shared neighbourhood or under whose
authority they had been subjected. They had also adopted a lot of pagan
customs and traditions of these people. This has been confirmed by unbiased
Jewish historians. In Jewish Encyclopaedia, we can read in it what
approximately means,
"The prophets' wrath over the worship of images does indicate that
worshipping idols and false deities had crept into the hearts of the Israelites
and that they had embraced the polytheistic and superstitious beliefs. The
Talmud also testifies to the fact that paganism has a particular attraction for
the Jews."1
The Babel Talmud2
– which the Jews extremely hallow and prefer to the Torah,
was widely circulated among the Jews of the Sixth Century, and which contains
a lot of strange manifestations of their simple-mindedness, absurd sayings,
insolent behaviour towards Allaah, scorning the reality and gambling with
religion and human intellect – shows the extent to which the Jewish community
of this age has degenerated intellectually and religiously.3
As for Christianity*
, it is also afflicted since its earliest days with distortions of
extremists, alterations of the ignorant and paganism of the Romans who
claimed to be Christians.4
*
For further reading, see the book, “Ifhaam al-Yahood” by Samuel bin Yahya Al-Maghrabi. He was a Jew who reverted
to Islaam.
1
See Jewish Encyclopedia Vol. XLL. P 568-569
2
The word ‘Talmud’ means, ‘Jewish book of religious and moral teachings’. It is a compilation of footnotes and
commentaries on their book ‘Mishna’ which means, ‘the law’ according to Jewish scholars of different generations.
3
Read for information, “Al-Yahood alaa Hasab al-Talmud”, by Dr. Rohlange and its translation from French to Arabic
in “Al-kanzul marsood fee qawaaidit-talmood’’ by Yoosuf Hanna Nasrullaah.
*
For details, read, “Al-jawaab as-Saheeh liman baddala deenal-maseeh” by Shaykhul Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah; “Izhaar
al-Haqq” by Rahmatullaah Al-Hindee and “Tuhfatul-Areeb fee radd ‘alaa ubbaad As-Saleeb”, by Abdullah At-
Turjumaan who was a Christian revert.
4
See "The Struggle between Religion and Science", (p.40-41) by the well-known European author Draper ( Note: The
translator does not know the actual name of this book in its original language nor the correct spelling of the name of its
author because both were translated and transliterated respectively from Arabic).
35

All these distortions, alterations and paganism have become the heap under
which all great teachings of Christ were buried and the light of Monotheism and
sincere worship of Allah were hidden behind these clouds.
A Christian writer speaks on the extent to which the trinity had gone in the
Christian society since the end of the Fourth Century after Christ:
"The belief that one God consists of three different godheads had penetrated
into the inner life of the Christian world and its thoughts since the last quarter
of the fourth century and had become the official recognised creed in all parts
of the Christendom ever since. Also, the development of Trinity and its secret
were not revealed until in the last half of the nineteenth century A.D."1
A contemporary Christian historian2
discusses in a book, “History of Christianity
in the Light of Modern Science”, about the appearance of paganism in the
Christian society in different forms and shapes and the Christians' diversity in
adopting religious rites, customs and pagan heroes of nations and religions that
are ancient in idolatry under the pretext of imitation, admiration or ignorance.
He said,
"Paganism has ended but has not been completely eliminated. Rather, it has
penetrated the hearts and everything in it has been tolerantly allowed to
continue in the name of Christianity and under its cover. Those who abandoned
their gods and heroes took one of their martyrs and gave him the title of their
former gods then erected a statue in his name. This is how polytheism and idol
worship are transferred unto these local martyrs. By the end of that century,
worshipping of the martyrs and saints spread all over the Christendom and
formed a new creed that teaches that saints have divine attributes. These
saints and hallowed men were thus made intermediaries between God and man
and pagan festivals were given new names until the ancient pagan Sun festival
was turned to Christmas in the year 400 A.C.”
As regards the Magians, they have been known since time of old to be
worshippers of natural elements, the greatest of which is fire. They have lately
adhered to its worship and built for it alters and temples so much so that fire
houses have become widespread in all places in their country and all other
religions and faiths disappear except fire worship and hallowing of the sun. The
religion, according to these people has become mere rites and traditions that
are practised in special places.3
The Danish author who wrote the book, “Iran during the reign of Sasanids”,
describes their religious leaders and their functions, "These functionaries must
worship fire four times in a day. In addition to this, they also worshipped
moon, fire and water. They had an order that they should not let the fire die
out or let the fire and water meet each other or let the metal rust, because
they also hallow the metal."4
These Magians have practised dualism all the time and that has become their
motto. They believed in two gods; god of light or god of good which they called
“ahur mazda” or “Yazdan” and the other god is god of darkness or evil, and
this they called: “ahur man”. The war and conflict are continuously going
between both of them.5
1
See New Catholic Encyclopaedia, The Holy trinity Vol. 14 P. 295.
2
Rev James Houston Baxter, History of Christianity in the Light of Modern Knowledge”, Glasgow 1929 p. 407.
3
Read the book, “Iran during the reign of Sasanids” by Professor of Eastern Languages at Copenhagen University,
Denmark, and a specialist on the history of Iran. See also, “History of Iran” by the Magian, Shaeen Makareus.
4
Iran during the reign of Sasanids, p. 155
5
Iran during the reign of Sasanids. p. 183-233.
36

As regards Buddhism, the religion that is widespread in India and Middle Asia,
it is a paganism whereof its adherents carry with them idols wherever they go.
They build temples for these idols and erect the statue of “Buddha” wherever
they go and settle.1
As for Brahmanism the religion of India, it has been popular with a lot of
deities. Their paganism had reached its peak in the sixth century A.C. when the
number of their deities reached 330 million gods.2
Everything according to
Brahmanism has become wonderful and everything has become useful and a
deity to be worshipped. During that age, the art of idol making became highly
profitable and many idol stylists carved so many idols in different shapes.
The Hindi writer, C. V. Vidya, wrote in his book, “The History of Medieval
Hindu” while discussing the era of King Harash (606-648 A.D.), which is the
era that follows the advent of Islaam in Arabia,
“Hinduism and Buddhism are equally pagan religion though Buddhism might
have surpassed Hinduism in paganism. The origin of Buddhism was denial of
existence of any Lord but it gradually adopted Buddha (its founder) as the
greatest deity. It later on added other deities like Bodhistavas. Paganism has
reached its peak in India so much so that the name Buddha became
synonymous with idol or statue in some eastern languages.” It is without doubt
that Paganism has become widespread in the conemporary world. The whole
world from the Atlantic sea to the Pacific ocean is greatly immersed in
Paganism. The matter becomes as if the Christianity, the Semitic religions and
Buddhism are competing in glofication and hallowing of idols like racing
horses.3
Another Hindu said in his book, “The Prevailing Hinduism", that the art of
making idols had not ended yet, but small idols continued to join the existing
'deities complex' in great numbers throughout different historical periods that
they have become an innumerable and an uncountable thong of deities.4
This is the condition of the world religions. As for civilized countries where
great governments were established, where many sciences flourished and
which were the bedrock of civilization, industry and arts, they have become
countries with no religions; countries that had lost their origin and power, in
which there are no righteous reformers and teachers, where atheism is publicly
proclaimed, corruption of all kind proliferated, all standards have been changed
and the man has become valueless to his own self. That is why there are many
cases of suicide, that all family links have been cut, social relations were put in
disarray, the clinics of psychologists are jammed with patients and the market
of magic tricksters were established. In these so-called civilized nations, man
tries out of every enjoyable thing and follows every invented and innovated
creed, seeking to satiate the demand of his soul, make himself happy and give
himself peace of mind. But all these enjoyments, and all these creeds and
theories failed to achieve these goals for him, and he shall continue in this
psychological misery and spiritual torment until he establishes relationship with
his Creator and worships Him according to the way He is pleased with and with
which He sent His Messengers. Allaah says, while describing the condition of
the one who turns away from his Lord and seeks for guidance from others
besides Him,
1
See “The Ancient India”, by Aishura Toba, a professor of Hindu Civilization at the University of Haydrabad; and
“The Discovery of India” by Jawahar lal Nehru, the former Indian Prime Minister. p. 201-202.
2
See “Ancient India” by R. Dit, 3/287; and "The Prevailing Hinduism", by L.S.S.O. Malley p. 6-7.
3
C.V. Vidya: History of Medieval Hindu. Vol. I (Poone 1921)
4
See “As-Seeratun-nabawiyyah” by Abil Hasan An-Nadwi p. 19-28.
37

“But whosoever turns away from My Reminder (i.e., neither believes in this
Qur’aan nor acts on its teachings). Verily, for him is a life of hardship and We
shall raise him up blind on the Day of Resurrection.”1
He, may He be glorified, also informs us about the life of the true believers and
their happiness in this worldly life when He says,
“It is they who believe (in the Oneness of Allaah and worship none but Him
alone) and confuse not their belief with wrong (by worshipping others besides
Allaah), for them (only) there will security and they are the guided.”2
He Whose praise is great also says,
“As for those who are blessed, they will be in Paradise, abiding therein for all
the time that the heavens and the earth endure, except as your Lord wills; a
gift without an end.”3
If we apply the criteria of the true religion to all these religions – except
Islaam, we will see that they are short of all these criteria as it is clear from
the above exposition.
The greatest element which all these religions are short of is monotheism. For
their adherents have associated other gods with Allaah in worship in addition to
the fact that these religions do not provide people with a law that can be
applicable in all places and at all times and that can protect them, their lives,
faith, honour, offspring and properties. These religions also do not guide people
to the Law of Allaah which He orders to be followed neither do they give their
adherents peace of mind and happiness, as a result of their inherent
contradictions.
As regards Islaam, you will come to know in the following chapters that it is
the true religion of Allaah which He is pleased with and which He has chosen
for mankind as their religion.
At the end of this section, it is appropriate that we define the essence of
prophethood and the need of mankind for it; and explain the foundations of the
mission of the Messengers and the reality of the last and everlasting message
of Islaam.
1
Taa Haa 20:124.
2
Al-An‘aam 6:82
3
Hood 11:108.
38

THE ESSENCE OF PROPHETHOOD
The greatest thing that man must know in this life is the knowledge about his
Lord, Who created him from nothing and showered him with blessings. And the
greatest purpose for which Allaah created the creation is to worship Him alone.
But how can man know his Lord as it is due? What are the duties and
obligations binding on him? How can he worship his Lord? Man can find who
will assist him during vicissitudes of life, provide for his needs like treatment
for an ailment, giving some medicine, assisting to build a house and so on and
so forth; but he cannot find among ordinary people who can make him know
his Lord and explain to him how to worship Him. This is because human
intelligence cannot independently know what Allaah intends, he cannot even
perceive the intention of his fellow human being before he tells him what he
intends. How can he then know what Allaah means? Further, it is also because,
this matter is only restricted to the Messengers and Prophets whom Allaah has
chosen to convey the Message and to those who come after them among the
rightly guided leaders and the heirs of the Prophet, who follow their way, take
to their Path and help to convey their message. For men cannot receive
revelation from Allaah directly as they are unable to bear it. Allaah says,
“It is not given to any human being that Allaah should speak to him unless (it
be) by Revelation, of from behind a veil, or that He sends a Messenger to
reveal what He wills by His leave. Verily, He is Most-High, Most Wise.”1
There should therefore be an intermediary and an envoy who can convey the
law of Allaah to His slaves, Those intermediaries and envoys are the
Messengers and Prophets. The angel will carry the message to the Prophet and
the Prophet will convey it to the people. The Angels do not carry the message
to men directly, for the world of angels is naturally different from that of
human beings. Allaah says,
“Allaah chooses Messengers from angels and from men.”2
The Wisdom of Allaah necessitates that the Messenger should come from the
race of those whom he is sent to, so that they could understand him because
of their ability to speak with him. If Messengers had been sent to mankind
from among the angels, they could not have been able to face him or learn
anything from him. Allaah the exalted says,
“And they say: Why has not an angel been sent down to him? Had we sent
down an angel, the matter would have been judged at once, and no respite
would be granted to them. And had We appointed him an angel, We indeed
would have made him a man, and We would have certainly confused them in
which they are already confused.”3
He also says,
“And We never sent before you (O Muhammad) any of the Messengers but
verily, they ate food and walked in the markets. And We have made some of
you as a trial for others: will you have patience? And your Lord is Ever All-Seer
(of everything). And those who expect not a meeting with Us (i.e., those who
deny the Day of Resurrection and the life of the Hereafter) said: ‘Why are not
1
Ash-Shooraa 42:51.
2
Al-Hajj 22:75.
3
Al-An‘aam 6:8-9.
39

the angels send down to us, or why do we not see our Lord?’ Indeed, they
think too highly of themselves and are scornful with great pride.”1
He also says,
“And We sent not (as Our Messengers) before you (O Muhammad) any but
men.”2
He also says,
“And We sent not a Messenger except with the language of his people, in
order that he might make the Message clear to them.”3
These Messengers and Prophets possessed complete and perfect reason, sound
nature, truthfulness in words and deeds, sincerity in conveying what was put in
their trust, Divine immunity from all that could tarnish human conduct and
physical appearances that are free from all things that are repugnant to sights
and repulsive to sound human taste.4
Allaah purified them in their persons and
manners. They are the most-perfect in manners, purest in souls and most
generous. Allaah combined in them good manners and excellent conduct as He
combined in them deliberateness, knowledge, magnanimity, generosity,
bravery and justice. By these qualities, they were distinguished among their
peoples. The people of Prophet Saalih told him as Allaah informs us in His
Book,
“They said: ‘O Saalih! You have been among us as a figure of good hope till
this (new thing which you have brought that we leave our gods and worship
your God (Allaah) alone). Do you now forbid us the worship of what our fathers
have worshipped?’ ”5
He also informs us of what the people of Prophet Shuaaib told him,
“They said: ‘O Shuaaib! Does your prayers command that we give up what our
fathers used to worship, or that we give up doing what we like with our
property. Verily, you are the forbearer, right-minded.’ ”6
The Messenger of Allaah, Muhammad, was also popular among his people with
the title “Al-Ameen” (the trustworthy) even before he received the revelation,
His Lord describes him saying,
“And verily, you (O Muhammad) are on an exalted (standard) of character.”7
The Messengers and Prophets are therefore, the best ones among Allaah's
creatures. He selected them and chose them to carry His Message and convey
it to mankind, and,
“Allaah knows best with whom to place His Message.”8
Allaah says,
1
Al-Furqaan 25:20-21.
2
An-Nahl 16:43.
3
Ibraaheem 13:4.
4
See: Lawaami’ul anwaar al bahiyyah Vol. 2 pp. 265 and, “Al-Islaam” by Ahmad Shalabee p. 114.
5
Hood 11:62.
6
Hood 11:87.
7
Al-Qalam 68:4.
8
Al-An‘aam 6:124.
40

“Allaah chose Adam, Noah, the family of Ibraaheem and the family of ‘Imraan
above the mankind (of their time).”1
These Messengers and Prophets – in spite of lofty qualities with which Allaah
described them and the excellent conducts for which they were known – are
nevertheless humans who suffered what other humans suffer; they suffered
hunger and sickness; they slept, ate, married and died. Allaah says, addressing
Prophet Muhammad,
“Verily, you will die, and verily, they (too) will die.”2
Allaah also says,
“And indeed, We sent Messengers before you (O Muhammad) and made for
them wives and offspring.”3
They were even subjected to persecution; many of them were killed or
expelled from their homes. Allaah says addressing Prophet Muhammad,
“And remember when the disbelievers plotted against you to imprison you, or
to kill you or to expel you (from your home), they were plotting and Allaah too
was plotting; and Allaah is the Best of those who plot.”4
But to them were the end, victory and authority in this worldly life and the
Hereafter. Allaah says,
“Allaah will help those who help His (cause).”5
He also says,
“Allaah has decreed: Verily, it is I and My Messengers who shall be the
victorious. Verily, Allaah is All-Powerful, All-Mighty.”6
1
Aal ‘Imraan 3:33.
2
Az-Zumar 39:30.
3
Ar-Ra‘d 13:38.
4
Al-Anfaal 8:30.
5
Al-Hajj 22:40.
6
Al-Mujaadilah 58:21.
41

SIGNS OF PROPHETHOOD
Since Prophethood is a means by which the noblest of all knowledge can be
acquired and the greatest and most honourable deeds can be carried out; it is
of Allaah’s mercy to give these Prophets the signs by which they could be
known and through which they could be identified, though, every one of those
who claimed to have a mission has some signs and conditions that could
indicate his truthfulness if he is truthful or otherwise if he is a liar. Theses
signs are many, the most important of which are:
1. The Messenger should call to the worship of Allaah alone and to the
abandonment of worshipping others besides Him. For this is the purpose for
which Allaah created the creation.
2. The Messenger should call people to believe in him, and put his message
into practice. Allaah commands His messenger, Muhammad to say,
“O mankind! Verily, I am sent to you all as the Messenger of Allaah.”1
3. Allaah strengthens him with various kinds of signs of prophethood.
Among these signs are the verses that the Prophet Muhammad brought from
Allaah and which his people could not repudiate or produce its like. Another
example is the sign of Prophet Moosaa when his rod turned to a snake; the
sign of Prophet Eesaa who healed the blind and the leper by the permission of
Allaah, and the sign of Muhammad which is the Great Qur’aan, in spite of the
fact that he was an illiterate who could neither read nor write among many
other signs of the Prophets.
Among these signs is the clear and vivid truth which the Prophets and
Messengers brought and which their opponents could not disprove or deny.
Rather, their opponents knew that what the Prophets had brought was the
truth that could not be resisted.
Among the signs also are perfect conditions, beautiful traits and magnanimous
conduct with which Allaah distinguished the Prophets.
4. His message should agree in fundamentals with the fundamentals to
which all Messengers and Prophets called.2
5. He should not call others to the worship of himself or to direct any act of
worship to him. He should also not call to the glorification of his tribe or clan.
Allaah commands His Prophet Muhammad to tell people,
“Say: I do not tell you that with me is the treasure of Allaah, nor (that) I know
the Unseen; nor I tell you that I am an angel. I but follow what is revealed to
me.”3
6. He should not ask from people any of the things of this world as a wage for
his mission. Allaah says, informing us about His Prophets Noah, Hood, Saalih,
Loot and Shuaib, that they told their people,
1
Al-A‘raaf 7:158.
2
See: Majmoo‘ Fataawa Ibn Taymiyyah Vol. 4 p. 212-213.
3
Al-An‘aam 6:50.
42

“No reward do I ask of you for it (my message of Islaamic Monotheism); my
reward is only from the Lord of all that exists.”1
Prophet Muhammad also told his people,
“No wage do I ask of you for this (the Qur’aan), nor am I of those who
pretend and fabricate things.”2
These Prophets and Messengers whom I have told you something of their
qualities and signs of their prophethood, are many. Allaah says,
“And verily, We have sent among every nation a Messenger (proclaiming):
Worship Allaah (alone) and avoid all false deities.”3
These Messengers have made mankind happy; the history recorded their
stories and the injunctions of their religion were repeatedly transmitted, that
they are the truth and just. Likewise, repeatedly narrated is the victory with
which Allaah honoured them and destruction of their enemies, like the
destruction of the people of Noah with flood, drowning of Pharaoh, punishment
for the people of Loot; and the victory of Muhammad over his enemies and the
spread of his religion. Whoever knows this will know certainly that they brought
for mankind good and guidance; that they directed them to all that could
benefit them and warn them against all that could be harmful. The first of them
is Adam and the last is Muhammad.
1
Ash-Shu‘araa 26:109, 127, 145, 164, 180.
2
Saad 38:86.
3
An-Nahl 16:36.
43

MANKIND'S NEED FOR THE MESSENGERS
The Prophets are Allaah’s Messengers to His slaves; they convey His
commandments to them, they give them glad tidings of the bliss which Allaah
has prepared for them if they obey His Commandments, warn them of the
everlasting punishment if they disobey Him and tell them the stories of the
past nations and what befell them of the punishment and torment in this world
because they disobeyed the commandments of their Lord.
These Divine Commandments and prohibitions cannot be known independently
by human reasoning, that is why Allaah ordained and prescribed
commandments and prohibitions as a honour for mankind and to protect his
interests. For people tend to obey their desires, thereby violating forbidden
things, attacking other people and usurping their rights. It is therefore out of
the utmost wisdom too that Allaah should send Messengers among mankind,
every now and then, who would remind them of the commandments of Allaah,
warn them against disobedience, recite to them admonitions and tell them the
stories of past generations. Because, when wonderful stories are heard and
marvellous concepts awaken the psyche, the sense of reason embraces that,
increases in knowledge and has right perception. The more man listens the
more he thinks; the more he thinks the more he reflects; the more he reflects
the more he understands and the more he understands the more he acts. So,
sending Messengers is inevitable and there is no alternative for them if the
truth is to be established.1
Shaykhul Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah2
said, “Divine Message is necessary for
reformation of man in his worldly life and his final abode. As there will not be
well-being for him in his Hereafter if he does not follow the message, there will
also not be well-being for him in his worldly life if he does not follow the
Message. He is therefore, bound to follow the Law of Allaah for he lives
between two movement: a movement by which he seeks what benefits him
and another by which he wards off what harms him. The Law of Allaah is then
the light that shows him what can benefit or harm him. That is the Light of
Allaah on the earth, His justice between His slaves ad His fortress which
provides safety for whoever enters it. What is meant by the Law of Allaah is
not physical distinction between the harmful and useful; for even the animals
can do that. The donkey or camel can differentiate between barley and sand.
What is meant by that is to be able to distinguish between deeds that can harm
their doer in his worldly life and his Hereafter and deeds that can benefit him in
his worldly life and his Hereafter. Like the benefit of faith, belief in the Oneness
of Allaah, justice, righteousness, kindness, honesty, chastity, courage,
knowledge, perseverance, enjoining all that is good, forbidding all that is evil,
being kind to the kith and kin, being dutiful to parents, being kind to
neighbours, fulfilling obligations, purifying deeds for Allaah, putting trust in
Him, seeking help from Him, being pleased with His pre-decrees, submission to
His rule, believing in Him and His Messengers in all that they inform him and all
other deeds that are beneficial to man in his worldly life and his Hereafter. In
the opposite of the above lies his misery and harm in his worldly life and his
Hereafter.
Had it not been because of the Divine Message, the human intellect would have
not been guided to the details of what could benefit or harm him in his worldly
1
A‘laam An-Nubuwwa by ‘Alee bin Muhammad Al-Mawardee p. 33.
2
He is Ahmad bin Abdul-Haleem, popularly known as Ibn Taymiyyah. He was born in the year 661 A.H. and died in
the year 728 A.H. He was one of the great Islaamic Scholars and the author of many valuable books.
44

life. Among the greatest favours of Allaah upon His slaves is that He sent His
Messengers to them, revealed to them His Books and showed them the
Straight Path. Had it not been for this, humans would have been like cattle or
even worse. So, whoever accepts the message of Allaah and stands firm on
that is among the best of all creation. But whoever rejects it and deviates from
it, such is among the worst of the creation and worse in condition than the dog
and pig and the most contemptible creature. There is no way the inhabitants of
the earth can survive except by the effects of the message that is existent
among them, for when the impacts of the message become exterminated from
the earth and the signs of their guidance become wiped off, Allaah will
dismantle the heaven and the earth and bring forth the Resurrection.
Further, the dweller of the earth’s need for the Message is not like their need
for sun, moon, air and rain, and it is also not like their need for their own souls
or like the need of the eye for the light; or like that of the body for food and
drink. Rather the need for the Messenger is greater than all that and all other
things one could think of or assume. The Messengers are the intermediary
between Allaah and His creatures as far as His commandment and prohibitions
are concerned; they are the envoys between Him and His slaves. The last of
them, their leader and the dearest of them to Allaah is Muhammad. Allaah sent
him as mercy for mankind and all that exists. He makes him a proof for the
followers of the right path and a proof against all creatures. He commanded His
slaves to follow, love, respect and honour him, and to give him all obligations
due to him. Allaah took covenants and pledges from all other Prophets and
Messengers that they would believe in and follow him (if they were to meet
him or hear of him) and He also ordered them to take the same covenant from
their believing followers. Allaah sent him at the threshold of the Hour. With
him, He guided many from error, rescued many from ignorance, and opened
through his Message blind eyes, deaf ears and sealed hearts. He lightened the
earth through his message, after it had been in darkness and united with it the
separated hearts. He straightened with the Messenger the crooked faith and
explained through him the bright path. Allaah opened for him his heart,
removed from him his burden, raised high his fame and subjected those who
were against him to humiliation and disgrace. He sent him after a break in the
succession of the sent Messengers and extermination of the impacts of the
previously revealed Books; when words had been twisted and the law altered,
when every nation relied on injustice in their opinions, made decisions
regarding Allaah and between His slaves with their own corrupt sayings and
desires. It was then that Allaah guided mankind through him and showed them
the right way, He brought people from darkness to light through him and made
distinction with him, between those who deserve success and those who were
sinners. Whoever follows his guidance will be rightly guided and whoever
deviates from His Path will go astray and such has only oppressed himself. May
Allaah bestow peace and blessings on him and all other Messengers and
Prophets.1
We can now summarise man’s need for the message in the following points:
1. That man is a nurtured creature and it is inevitable for him to know his
Lord and Creator; to know what He wants from him and why He created him.
Man cannot however know all that independently except by knowing the
Prophets and the Messengers and knowing the guidance and light which they
brought.
2. Man is a component of body and soul. The nutrition for body is whatever
is available of food and drink, but the nutrition of the soul has been prescribed
by the One Who created it; that nutrition is true religion and righteous deed.
So it is the Prophets and Messengers who brought true religion and guided to
righteous deed.
1
Qaa‘idah fee wujoobil I‘tisaam bir-risaalah by Ibn Taymiyyah, See: Al-Fataawaa 19 p.99-102.
45

3. Man is religious by nature and he must have a religion which he must
practice and this religion must be the true one. So, there is no way to know the
true religion except through belief in the Prophets and Messengers and to
believe in all that they brought.
4. Man is in need of knowing the way that can lead him to the pleasure of
Allaah in this world and to His Paradise and bliss in the Hereafter. And no one
can guide to this way except the Prophets and Messengers alone.
5. Man is in himself weak and many enemies lay in wait for him: Satan
wants to mislead him, evil companions make bad things fair-seeming to him
and his base self incites him to do evil. Hence, he needs what can protect him
against the evil plans of his enemies and it is the Prophets and Messengers
who guided man to that and clearly explained it to him.
6. Man is civil by nature, his meeting with people and his relations with
them therefore need a law by which justice and equality can be established
among people – the absence of which can make human life be like that of the
jungle. Also, this law must be able to protect the right of every one without
excessiveness and negligence and none could bring such perfect law except
the Messengers and Prophets.
7. Man needs to know what can give him tranquillity and psychological
security and guide him to means of real happiness. This is what the Prophets
and Messengers guided to. After explaining why the creation is in need of
Prophets and Messengers, it is now appropriate to discuss the final return and
explain the proofs and evidences that support that.
46

THE FINAL RETURN
Every man knows with certainty that death is inevitable. But what is his fate
after death? Will he be happy or miserable?
Many people and nations of the world believe that they will be resurrected after
death and called to account for all their deeds; that they will earn good reward
if they do good and punishment if they do evil.1
This issue – the Resurrection
and accountability – are confirmed by sound reason and supported by Divine
Laws. It is based on three fundamentals:
1. Confirmation of the perfect knowledge of the Lord, may He be glorified.
2. Confirmation of His perfect Omnipotence.
3. Confirmation of His perfect Wisdom.2
There are many textual and logical evidences on the confirmation of the final
return some of which are:
1. Drawing evidence on the resurrection of the dead through the creation of
the heavens and the earth. Allaah says,
“Do they not see that Allaah, Who created the heavens and the earth, and
was not wearied by their creation, is Able to give life to the dead? Yes, He is
surely Able to do all things.”3
He also says,
“Is not He Who created the heavens and the earth, is Able to create the like of
them? Yes, indeed. He is the All-Knowing Supreme Creator.”4
2. Drawing evidence of Allaah’s ability to reproduce the creation once more
from His ability to originate the creation without any previous example. So, He,
Who is able to bring a thing into existence should be able to reproduce it with
greater reason. Allaah the Exalted says,
“And He it is Who originates the creation, then He will repeat it (after it has
been perished); and this is easier for Him. His is the Sublime Similitude.”5
He also says,
“And he (man) puts forth for Us a parable, and has forgotten the facts of his
own creation. He says: Who will give life to these bones after they are rotten
and have become dust. Say (O Muhammad): He will give life to them Who
created them at the first! And He is the All-Knower of every creation.”6
1
See: Al-Jawaabus-Saheeh Vol. 4 p. 96.
2
See: Al-Fawaaid by Ibn al-Qayyim p. 6-7.
3
Al-Ahqaaf 46:33.
4
Yaa Seen 36:81.
5
Ar-Room 30:27.
6
Yaa Seen 36:78-79.
47

3. He created man in the best shape and in this perfect and complete form.
He endowed him with limbs, power and characteristics; with flesh, bones, veins
and nerves; with outlets, tools, sciences, wishes and industries. There is in all
this the greatest evidence of His ability to resurrect the dead.
4. Drawing the proof of His ability to resurrect the dead in the Hereafter,
from H is raising up of the dead in this worldly life. Stories have been
narrated of this in the Divine Books which Allaah revealed to his Messengers.
Examples of this is raising up the dead by the permission of Allaah at the
hands of Prophets Ibraaheem and ‘Eesaa, may peace be on them – among
many others.
5. Drawing evidence of His ability to resurrect the dead from His ability to
bring about things that are similar to the scenes of the Day of Congregation
and Resurrection like:
a. Allaah created man from a drop of sperm that was scattered all over the
body – that is why all parts of the body enjoy the intercourse – Allaah collects
this drop from all parts of the body, then makes it go to the womb and created
therewith the man. If all these parts were scattered and He gathered them
together and created from them that man, then if they become scattered once
again after death, what can prevent Him from bringing them together once
more. Allaah says,
“Then tell Me about the semen that you emit. Is it you who create it (i.e.,
make this semen into a perfect human being)? Or are We the Creator?”1
b. When the plant seeds – regardless of their shapes – fall into the fertile
land and water and soil overwhelm them; the logical consequence is that they
become rotten and decayed; for, any of the water and soil is enough to make
the seed rotten and the combination of both will can it so with greater reason.
But the fact is that, the seed will not decay but remains preserved. When the
humidity increases, the seed breaks open and from it comes out a plant. Does
that not point to a perfect power and comprehensive wisdom? Will this All-Wise
and All-Able Lord be incapable of collecting parts of man and reconstituting his
limbs? Allaah says,
“Then tell Me about the seed that you sow in the ground. Is it you that make
it grow, or are We the Grower?”2
A similar verse in meaning is Allaah’s saying,
“And you see the earth barren, but when We sent down water (rain) on it, it is
stirred (to life) and it swells and puts forth every lovely kind (of growth).”3
6. The All-Able, All-Knowledgeable and All-Wise Creator is deemed far from
producing the creation for fun and leaving them in vain. He says,
“We created not the heaven and the earth and all that is between them
without purpose! That is the assumption of those who disbelieve! Then woe to
those who disbelieve (in Islaamic Monotheism) from the Fire.”4
Allaah created the creation for great wisdom and lofty purpose. He says,
“And I created not the jinn and mankind except that they should worship
Me.”5
1
Al-Waaqi‘ah 56:58-59.
2
Al-Waaqi‘ah 56:63-64.
3
Al-Hajj 22:5.
4
Saad 38:27.
5
Adh-Dhaariyaah 51:56.
48

It is therefore not becoming of this All-Wise Lord to regard as equal those who
obey Him and those who disobey. He says,
“Shall We treat those who believe and do righteous good deeds as those who
associate partners with Allaah and commit crimes on the earth? Or should We
treat the pious ones as the criminals?”1
Therefore, it is of His Perfect Wisdom and Great Power to raise up the creation
on the Day of Resurrection in order to recompense every human being for his
deed; and to reward the good-doer and punish the evil doer. Allaah says,
“To Him is the return of all of you. The promise of Allaah is true. It is He Who
produced the creation and then will reproduce it, that He may reward with
justice those who believed and did righteous deeds. But those who disbelieved
will have a drink of boiling fluids and painful torment because they used to
disbelieve.”2
Belief in the Last Day – the Day of Resurrection – has great impacts on
individuals and the society. Among its impacts are:
1. It makes man endeavour to obey Allaah seeking for reward of that Day
and keeps him from disobeying Him out of fear of the punishment of that Day.
2. Belief in the Last Day consoles the believer on the bliss and pleasure of
this world that he misses with the pleasure and reward of the Hereafter which
he hopes for.
3. It is through the belief in the Last Day that man knows his fate after
death and knows that he will get good reward for his deed if it is good, and get
punished if it is evil. He knows that he will be made to stand for reckoning;
that revenge will be taken on him for those he wronged in this world and the
rights of those he wronged or oppressed would be taken back from him.
4. Belief in the Last Day actualises peace and security for mankind
especially in this time that there is inadequate security and wars rage with no
end – because, belief in Allaah and the Last Day makes man abstain from
doing evil to others privately and publicly. That belief even penetrates his heart
and makes him dismiss evil intentions -if he has any.
5. Belief in the Last Day deters man from doing injustice to others and
violating their rights. If people believe in the Last Day, they will be safe from
wronging one another and their rights will be protected.
6. Belief in the Last Day makes man look at this worldly abode as just one
of the stages of life and that it is not the real life in itself.
To conclude this section, let us quote the words of “Win Bet” the American
Christian who used to work in one of the churches and then embraced Islaam
and found the fruit of belief in the Last Day. He says, “I now know answers to
the questions that had very much occupied my life. The questions are: Who am
I? What do I want? Why did I come to this world? And what is my
destination?”3
1
Saad 38:28.
2
Yoonus 10:4. For all that has been previously mentioned, Al-Fawaaid by Ibn al-Qayyim p. 6, 9; and At-Tafseer Al-
Kabeer by Ar-Raazee Vol. 2, p. 113-116.
3
Ad-Da’awah Magazine No. 1722, 19-9-1420 p. 37.
49

FUNDAMENTALS OF THE MESSENGER’S MISSION
All Prophets and Messengers were unanimous in their call to general
fundamentals1
like belief in Allaah, His angles, His Books, His Messengers;
belief in the Last Day and in pre-decree, its good and bad; and like command
to worship Allaah alone without ascribing any partner to Him, to follow His path
and not to follow dissenting paths; like prohibiting the four kinds of sins: all
evil deeds, the apparent and the hidden; sins; unjust oppression; associating
partners with Allaah in worship and worshipping idols. They also agreed on
deeming Allaah far from having a wife, children, associate or equal as they
agreed on prohibition of saying about Him what is not true; on prohibition of
infanticide, killing unjustly; eating usury; usurping of orphan’s wealth. They
were unanimous on enjoining the fulfilment of covenants and giving full scale
and weight, being dutiful to parents; doing justice between people; being
truthful in sayings and deeds; prohibition of squandering and arrogance as well
as eating up people’s wealth unjustly.
Ibn Al-Qayyim2
said, “All Divine Laws are unanimous in their fundamentals –
even if they differ in any other things. The goodness of these laws are firmly
rooted in the human intellect and had the laws not come in this form, they
would have been unwise, unbeneficial and merciless though it is impossible
that they should come in any other form. Allaah says,
“And if the truth would have been in accordance with their desires, verily, the
heavens and the earth, and whosoever is therein would have been corrupted.”3
How can a wise man deem it permissible that the Law of Allaah Who is the Best
of judges should come in a form different from its present form?4
”
This is why that all Prophets practiced one religion as confirmed by Allaah when
He says,
“O (you) Messengers! Eat of the food that Allaah has made lawful and do
righteous deeds. Verily, I am Well-Acquainted with what you do. And verily,
this your religion (of Islaamic Monotheism) is one religion and I am your Lord,
so keep your duty to Me.”5
He also says,
“He (Allaah) has ordained for you the same religion (Islaamic Monotheism)
which He ordained for Nooh (Noah) and that which We have revealed to you (O
Muhammad) and that which We ordained for Ibraaheem (Abraham), Moosaa
(Moses) and ‘Eesaa (Jesus), saying: you should establish religion (i.e., to do
what it orders you to do practically). And make no divisions in it.”6
1
These general fundamentals are indicated in Suratul Baqarah 2:285, 286; and Al-An‘aam 6:151, 153; Al-A‘raaf 7:33;
Al-Israa 17:23, 37.
2
His name is Muhammad bin Abee Bakr bin Ayyoob Az-Zar‘ee. He was born in 691 A.H. and died in 751 A.H.. He
was one of the great Islaamic scholars and he authored many great books.
3
Al-Mu’minoon 23:71.
4
Miftaahu daaris-sa‘aadah Vol. 2, p. 383. See also: Al-Jawaabus-saheeh Vol. 4 p. 322; Lawaami‘ul-anwaar by As-
Safaareenee Vol. 2, p. 263.
5
Al- Mu’minoon 23:51-52.
6
Ash-Shooraa 42:13.
50

The purpose of religion is to make mankind attain what they are created for: to
worship their Lord alone without associating any partner with Him.1
He
ordained for them rites which they must fulfil and guaranteed for them
obligations. He also gave them means that can make them attain that good, so
that they can achieve the pleasure of their Lord and happiness in this world
and the Hereafter according to a Divine Way that does not tear up man or
afflict his person with deadly diseases that can cause a clash between his
nature and soul and the world around him.
All Messengers called to the Divine Religion that presents man with creedal
foundation in which he should believe, and the law which he should follow in
his life. That is why Torah was a creed as well as a law and its followers were
required to make it judge between them. Allaah says,
“Verily, We did send down the Tauraat (Torah), therein was guidance and
light, by which the Prophets who submitted themselves to Allaah’s Will judged
for the Jews and the rabbis and the priests.”2
Then came the Christ who brought with him the Gospel in which there was
guidance and light and in confirmation of the Torah that preceded it. Allaah
says,
“And in their footsteps We sent ‘Eesaa (Jesus) son of Mary, confirming the
Torah that had come before him, and We gave him the Injeel (Gospel) in which
there was guidance and light.”3
Then Muhammad came with the final Divine Law and the complete religion as a
witness over the laws that had come before it and to abrogate them. Allaah
gave him the Qur’aan as a confirmation of the Divine Books that had come
before it. Allaah says,
“And We have sent down to you (O Muhammad) the Book (this Qur’aan) in
truth confirming the Scripture that came before it and a watcher over it (old
Scriptures). So judge among them by what Allaah has revealed, and follow not
their vain desires, diverging away from the truth that has come to you.”4
Allaah also explains that Muhammad and the believers who were with him
believe in Him as all Prophets who were before them had done. He says,
“The Messenger (Muhammad) believes in what has been sent down to him
from his Lord and (so do) the believers. Each one believes in Allaah, His
angels, His Books and His Messengers. They say: We make no distinction
between one another of His Messengers. And they say: We hear and obey. (We
seek) Your Forgiveness, our Lord and to you is the return.”5
1
Majmoo‘ Fataawaa Vol. 2, p.6.
2
Al-Maai‘dah 5:44.
3
Al-Maaidah 5:46.
4
Al-Maaidah 5:48.
5
Al-Baqarah 2:285.
51

THE EVERLASTING MESSAGE1
All that has been previously explained of the conditions of Judaism,
Christianity, Mazdaism, Zaradashtiyah shows the situation of mankind2
in the
6th
century A.D. when the religion became corrupted and all political, social and
economical conditions were also corrupted; at a time when bloody wars
became widespread, dictatorship emerged and mankind lived in stark
darkness. This situation led to the darkness of the hearts as a result of disbelief
and ignorance. Morals became degenerated, honours and rights were violated
and mischief became the order of the day in the land and on the sea. The
situation was so terrible that if any wise man were to ponder over it, he would
have realised that mankind – in that age – were dying and that they were
heading for abyss of no return had Allaah not rescued them with a great
reformer who was bearing the torch of Prophethood and the light of guidance
in order to illuminate the way for mankind and guided them to the Straight
Path.
At that time, Allaah permitted that the everlasting light of Prophethood should
emanate from Makkah in which there is the Great House. The Makkan
environment had been like other human environments in terms of polytheism,
ignorance, injustice and autocracy except that it was distinguished from other
place with many qualities some of which were:
1. It was a pure environment that had not been affected by the stains of
Greek, Roman or India philosophy. Its natives used to enjoy deep-rooted
eloquence, lively minds and exceptional dispositions.
2. It is situated in the heart of the world. It is in the middle place between
Europe, Asia and Africa, an important factor that makes it easy for the
everlasting message to spread quickly and reach these continents in a short
period.
3. It is a secured place. Allaah protected it when Abraha (the Abyssinian
King) wanted to invade it. The neighbouring Roman and Persian empires also
were unable to conquer it. Even its commerce was secured in the north and
south. That was a herald for the advent of this Noble Prophet. Allaah has
reminded the inhabitants of this city of this great favour when He says,
“Have We not established for them a secured sanctuary (Makkah) to which are
brought fruits of all kinds?”
4. It is a desert environment that has preserved many of her good and
commendable traits like generosity, good neighbourliness, earnest concern for
honour among other qualities that qualified her for being the best suitable
place for the clan of Quraysh which was well known for eloquence, oratory and
honourable traits and held the positions of honour and leadership. Allaah chose
His Prophet Muhammad to make him the last of all Prophets and Messengers.
He was born in Makkah in the 6th
century A.D. approximately in the year 570.
He grew up an orphan, for his father died while he was still in the womb. His
mother and paternal grandfather later died while he was six years old. So, his
uncle took care of him and he grew up an orphan. Signs of extraordinary
brilliance manifested on him; and his habits, manners and traits were different
from those of his people. He never lied in his speech and never hurt anyone.
He became popular with truthfulness, chastity and sincerity so much so that
many of his people would entrust him with their valuable properties and he
1
For detailed reading see: Ar-Raheequl-Makhtoom by Mubaarakpuri
2
See section: ‘Condition of the existing religions’ in this book.
52

would keep them as he would preserve his own life and wealth. This made
them confer on him the title “Al-Ameen” (the trustworthy).
He was modest and shy and never showed himself naked in front of anyone
since he came of age. He was innocent and pious and felt hurt when he saw his
people worshipping idols, drinking alcohol and shedding innocent blood. He
related with them only in those deeds of theirs which he loved and was pleased
with and kept away from them when they indulged in their shameless acts and
sins. He would help the orphans and the widows and feed the hungry.
When he was close to forty years of age, he became seriously constrained and
inconvenienced by the corruption that was around him and started going for
seclusion to worship his Lord and he would ask Him guidance to the Straight
Path. While he was on this condition, one of the angels descended upon him
with a revelation from his Lord and he commanded him to convey this religion
to mankind; to call them to the worship of Allaah alone and to shun the
worship of others besides him. Then Revelation of ordainments and rules
continued day after day and year after year until Allaah perfected this religion
for mankind and completed His favour on them with this perfection. After the
Messenger of Allaah had fulfilled his duty, Allaah caused him to die. He lived for
sixty-three years; forty before prophethood and twenty-three as a Prophet and
Messenger.
Whoever ponders over the conditions of the Prophets and studies their history
will know with certainty that there was no way in which the Prophethood of any
Prophet was established except that the Prophethood of Muhammad was
established in that way the more. If you reflect on how the Prophethood of
Moosa and ‘Eesaa was transmitted, you will know that it was transmitted in
succession. But the succession in which the Prophethood of Muhammad was
transmitted was greater, stronger and more recent. Likewise, the succession in
which their miracles are transmitted were similar but that with which the
miracles of Muhammad were transmitted is greater, for his miracles are many
and the greatest of that is the Glorious Qur’aan which is continued to be
transmitted successively in voice and in letter.1
Whoever makes a comparison between what Prophets Moosaa and ‘Eesaa
brought and what was brought by Prophet Muhammad of sound belief, wise
ordainments and useful knowledge, will know with certainty that all of them
emanated from a single lamp: the lamp of Prophethood. Whoever compares
between the conditions of the followers of the Prophets and followers of
Muhammad will know with certainty that the followers of Muhammad were the
best of all people and the most of the Prophets’ followers in impact on those
who came after them. They have spread the Islaamic Monotheism, propagated
justice and were merciful to the weak and destitute.2
If you want additional evidences of Muhammad’s Prophethood, I will quote to
you the proofs and signs that were found by ‘Alee bin Rabban at-Tabaree when
he was a Christian. He later embraced Islaam because of those signs. They
are:
1. The Messenger called to the worship of Allaah alone and shunning the
worship of others beside Him. In this, he agreed with all other Prophets.
2. He showed clear signs which only Prophets of Allaah can show.
3. He predicted the future events and they came to pass as he had
predicted.
1
See special section about the Qur’aan in this book. p.
2
Majmoo‘ al-Fataawaa Vol. 4 p. 201, 211; and Ifhaamul yahood by Samaw’al Al-Magribi p. 58-59.
53

4. He predicted the occurrence of many events of the world and its
countries and these events came to pass as he had predicted.
5. That the Book brought by Muhammad – the Qur’aan – is a sign of
Prophethood for it is the most eloquent Book, sent down unto an illiterate man
who could neither read nor write, but yet challenged the orators to produce the
like thereof or the like of a Soorah∗
in it; and because of the fact that Allaah
guarantees its preservation, preserved the correct belief with it, guaranteed it
as the perfect divine ordainment and established with it the best community.
6. That he is the seal of all Prophets and that had he not been sent,
prophecies of the past Prophets who gave glad tiding of his advent would have
turned false.
7. That all Prophets had prophesied about him before his advent since a
long time. They had described his mission, his country and submission of other
nations and kings to him and his nation. They also mentioned the spread of his
religion.
8. His victory over nations that waged war against him as a sign of his
Prophethood; for it would be impossible for a man who falsely claims to be a
Messenger of Allaah and yet be strengthened by Allaah with victory, authority,
prevalence over enemies, spread of his message and abundance of his
followers; for all this cannot happen except in the hand of a truthful Prophet.
9. His religious rites and acts of worship, his decency, truthfulness,
commendable character, manners and ordinances. All this cannot be found
together except in a Prophet.
After mentioning these proofs, this guided man then said, “These are
illuminating traits and sufficient proofs. Whoever is endowed with them must
be a Prophet; such a person has hit the target and prospered; and the belief in
him is mandatory. Whoever rejects these proofs and denies them has incurred
loss in his efforts and lost his worldly life and Hereafter.”1
At the end of this section, I will narrate to you two testimonies: that of the
former roman King who was a contemporary of Prophet Muhammad and that of
our contemporary Christian Evangelist John Saint.
The First Testimony: That of Heraclius:
Al-Bukhaaree reported the story of Abu Sufyaan when the Roman King called
him. Abu Sufyaan said that Heraclius sent to him in the company of some
Qurayshee riders who went to Syria for commerce, at a time that the
Messenger of Allaah was in a truce with Abu Sufyaan and Quraysh pagans.
They came to Heraclius while they were at Ilya.2
Heraclius invited him to his
court and with him were great men of Rome. He called them and his
interpreter.
He then asked Abu Sufyaan and his company: “Which one of you is closest to
this man who claims to be a Prophet?”
Abu Sufyaan said, “I am the closest to him in blood.”
Heraclius then told his retinue, “Bring him close to me and let his companions
stand behind him.” He then told his interpreter, “Tell them: I will ask this (Abu

Soorah literary means degree. Islamically, it is a section of the glorious Qur'aan that contains a group of verses that
may or may not be related in meanings. Some translators do translate it as a chapter which is quite inaccurate because a
chapter is a combination of paragraphs in which related issues are discussed.
1
Ad-deen wad-dawla fee ithbaati nubuwwati Muhammad, by ‘Alee bin Rabban At-Tabaranee p. 47. Also see: Al-
Islaam by Al-Qurtubee p. 362.
2
A town in Syria.
54

Sufyaan) about the man who claims to be a Prophet, so, if he lies to me, you
should refute that.”
Abu Sufyaan said, “By Allaah! If not because of the shame of having a lie being
recorded against me, I would have lied about him. The first question he asked
me about him was: How is his lineage amongst you?” Abu Sufyaan answered,
“He is of noble lineage among us.”
He then asked, “Has anybody among you ever uttered this word before him?”
I said, “No.”
He said, “Had anyone among his forefathers been a king?”
I said, “No.”
He said, “Are his followers noble men or weak people?”
I said, “Weak people.”
He said, “Do they increase or decrease?”
I said, “They increase.”
He said, “Did any of them apostatised from his religion in annoyance after
having embraced it?”
I said, “No”
He said, “Does he betray?”
I said, “No. But we are now in a truce with him and we do not know what he is
going to do.”
Abu Sufyaan added, “This is the only statement I could say against him.”
Heraclius further asked, “Did you go to war with him?”
I said, “Yes!”
He said, “How was your war with him?”
I said, “It was an alternate victory. He won sometimes and we won
sometimes.”
He said, “What does he command you to do?”
I said, “He said, ‘Worship God alone and do not associate anything in worship
with him and shun what your fathers say.’ He enjoined on us prayer,
truthfulness, probity and kindness to the kith and kin.”
Heraclius then told his interpreter, “Tell him:
I asked you of his lineage and you said that he has a noble lineage among you.
That is the case with the Messengers. They were sent from the noble lineage
among their people.
55

I asked you: Had anybody among you claimed what he claims and you said,
No. And I say: If anyone had said before him what he says now, I would have
said that, he was repeating what others have said before him.
I asked you: Had any of his ancestors been a king? And you said, No. If any of
his forefathers had been a king, I would have said that he is asking for the
Kingdom of his father.
I asked you: Have you ever suspected him of telling lies before he said what he
said and you answered, No. I then know that h could not have shunned lying to
people and tell lie against God.
I asked you whether those who follow him are noble men or weak people, and
you answered that his followers are weak people. Yes, those are the followers
of the Messengers.
I asked you if they increase or decrease in number and you said that they
increase. That is how faith does until it becomes completed.
I asked you, if any of his followers apostate in annoyance after having
embraced his religion and you said, No. Yes, that is how faith does after having
penetrated the hearts.
I asked you if he betray and you said, No. That is how Messengers do. They do
not betray.
And I asked you about what he commanded you to do and you said that, he
enjoined that you worship Allaah alone and associate nothing with Him in
worship, that he enjoined on you prayers, truthfulness, chastity; that he
forbids you from worshipping idols. If all that you told me is true, he shall
control where I am standing now. I know that such a Prophet will emerge but I
did not think that he would be from amongst you. Had I known that I would
meet him, I would have suffered hardship to meet him. And had I been with
him, I would have washed his feet.”
He then called for the letter of the Messenger of Allaah which he sent with
Dihya to the ruler of Busra. He presented the letter to Heraclius and he read it.
There was in the letter;
In the Name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. From Muhammad, the
Messenger of Allaah, to Heraclius, the ruler of Rome. Peace be upon him who
follows the guidance. I am inviting you with the invitation of Islaam. Accept
Islaam, you will be safe and Allaah will give you your reward twice. But if you
turn away, you will bear the sins of Yarisin.
“O people of the Scripture! Come to a word that is just between us and you,
that we worship none but Allah (alone) and that we associate no partner with
Him, and that none of us shall take others as lords besides Allaah. Then, if they
turn away, say: Bear witness that we are Muslims.”1
The Second Testimony:
That of the contemporary Christian Evangelist John Cent who said, “After
continuous reading about Islaam and its principles that serve individuals and
society, and its justice in establishing a society based on foundations of
equality and monotheism, I found myself embracing Islaam with all my sense
1
Al-Bukhaaree, the book of beginning of revelation.
56

an spirit and I pledged to Allaah, may He be glorified – that I would be a
propagator of Islaam, and an evangelist to its guidance in all parts of the
world.”
This man has arrived at this certainty after having studied Christianity and
beecame well-versed in it. He found that it could not provide answers to many
questions of human life. So he started doubting it. Later, he studied
communism and Buddhism but yet could not find what he wanted there, he
finally studied Islaam deeply, then believed in it and called unto it.1
1
Ad-Deen Al-Fitree Al-Abadee by Al-Mubashshir At-Taraazee Al-Husaynee 2 p. 319.
57

THE SEAL OF PROPHETHOOD
It is clear to you from what he has been previously discussed, the reality of
Prophethood, its signs and proofs and the signs of Prophethood of Muhammad.
Before we start discussing on the seal of Prophethood, you must know that,
Allaah does not send a Messenger except for one of these following reasons:
1. That the message of the Prophet is specifically meant for a particular
people in which the concerned Messenger is not obliged to convey his message
to the neighbouring nations, and that Allaah sends another Prophet with a
special message to another nation.
2. That the message of the previous Prophet has become extinct, in which
case Allaah sends another Prophet who will reform for people their religion.
3. That the Law of the previous Prophet is valid only for its time and no
longer suitable for subsequent periods, then Allaah sends another Messenger
with another Law that will be suitable for the another particular time and place.
The Wisdom of Allaah however, has necessitated that He sends Muhammad to
all mankind with a Message that is suitable for all times and places and to
protect it against altering and interpolating hands, so that it can remain His
Living Message by which people will live and that will be pure and free from
stains of interpolations and alterations. It was for this reason that Allaah made
it the seal of all Messages.1
Among things with which Allaah distinguished Muhammad is that He made him
the seal of all Prophets after whom there would be no Prophet. This is because,
Allaah completed with him all Messages, ended with him all Laws, perfected
with him the structure and actualised in his Prophethood the Prophecy of Jesus
Christ when he said, “”2
The Reverend Ibrahim Khaleel – who has become a Muslim – regarded this text
as an equivalent of the saying of the Messenger of Allaah, “Indeed, the
example of me and that of the Prophets before me is like that of a man who
has perfectly built a house and adorned it except the place of a brick in a
corner which he left unfilled. People went round it and admired it and said:
Why not fix up this brick? He said, ‘I am the brick and I am the seal of the
Prophets.’ ”3
It is for this reason that Allaah made the Book brought by Muhammad as a
witness over all previous Books and an abolisher for them all. Just as He made
the Law of Muhammad the abolisher of preceding Laws. Allaah guarantees the
protection of his Message, hence, it was transmitted successfully. The Qur’aan
was transmitted in succession. The practical implementation of the teachings of
this religion and its acts of worship, sunnah and rules were also transmitted in
succession.
Whoever reads the biography of the Prophet and his Sunnah will know that the
companions had preserved for humanity all situations, sayings and deeds of
Muhammad. They transmitted his acts of worship for his Lord, his strife in His
cause, his remembrance of Him and his seeking for His forgiveness. They
transmitted his generosity, courage, his relationship with his companions and
1
Al-Aqeedah At-Tahaawiyya p. 156; Lawaami‘ul anwaar, 2 p. 269, 277; and Mabaadi’ul-Islaam p. 64.
2
Matthew 21:42.
3
See, “Muhammad in the Torah, Gospel and the Qur’aan” by Ibraheem Khaleel Ahmad, p. 73. The hadeeth is reported
by Al-Bukhaaree and Muslim.
58

those visiting him. They transmitted his joy, sorrow, journeys, sojourn,
manners of his eating, drinking and clothing and how he kept awake and slept.
When you know all this, you will know with certainty that this religion is
guaranteed by Allaah’s protection and you will then know that he is the last of
all Prophets and Messengers; for Allaah has told us that this Messenger is the
last of all Prophets. He says,
“Muhammad is not a father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of
Allaah and the last of the Prophets.”1
Muhammad also said about himself, “I am sent to all mankind and I was made
the seal of all Prophets.”2
Now let us define Islaam and explain its essence, sources, pillars and degrees.
1
Al-Ahzaab 33:40.
2
Ahmad and Muslim.
59

THE MEANING OF THE WORD: ISLAAM
When you consult the dictionaries, you will find that the word Islaam means
submission, obedience, surrender and compliance with the command and
prohibition of the commander without objections. Allaah has named the true
religion, ‘Islaam’ for it is an obedience to him, submission to His Commands
without any resistance, purifying acts of worship for Him, believing in His words
and having faith in Him. Islaam then became a proper name for the religion
brought by Muhammad.
Definition of Islaam
Why was this religion named Islaam? Adherents of various religions all over the
world have named their religions, either with the name of a man or a particular
race like Christianity, which was named after Jesus Christ; and Buddhism
named after its founder Buddha; and Zaradashtism named after its founder
and flag banner, Zaradasht. Judaism also emerged among the tribe of Judah
and so on. It is only Islaam that is not attributed to any particular man or
nation. Its name indicates a special characteristic that the meaning of Islaam
denotes. It is evident in this name that no man has any role in bringing this
religion into existence and that it is not peculiar with any nation to the
exclusion of others. Its only goal is to make all people of the earth have
characteristics of Islaam. So, whoever is characterised with the qualities of
Islaam among ancient people and contemporary people is a Muslim, just as he
shall be called a Muslim, anyone who possesses its qualities among the coming
generations.
The reality of Islaam
It is known that everything in this world subjects to a particular rule and
established norm. The sun, the moon, the stars and the earth are all subjected
to a general rule which they cannot march against or deviate from even for a
hair’s breadth. Even man, when you ponder over him very well, it will be clear
to you that he absolutely submits to the Laws of Allaah. He cannot breath or
feel a need for water, food, nourishment, light and heat except according to
the Divine Decree that regulates his life; and all parts of his body submit to this
Decree. The functions that these parts perform cannot be carried out except
according to what Allaah has prescribed for him.
This comprehensive Divine Ordainment which man surrenders to and from
which none in this universe –right from the planet in the heaven to the
smallest seed in the sand of the earth – can escape from obeying is the Divine
Ordainment of the Magnificent, the Sovereign and the All-Powerful Lord. If all
that is in the heavens and the earth and all that is in between both surrenders
to this Divine Ordainment, that means the whole world submits to and obeys
that All-Powerful Sovereign Who created it. In this aspect, it is then clear that
Islaam is the religion of the whole universe. For Islaam means, submission and
obedience to the command of the Commander and His Prohibitions without
objection as it has been previously asserted. The sun, the moon and the earth
all surrender to Him. Air, water, light, darkness and heat, all surrender to Him;
the tree, the stone and the animals all surrender. Even the man who does not
know his Lord and denies His existence and signs or worships others besides
Him, or associates others with Him in worship surrenders by nature to Him.
60

If you have known all that, let us now have a look at man, you will find that
two factors are struggling to win his attention:
One: His natural inclination; like submission to Allaah, loving to worship Him,
seeking nearness to Him, loving what He loves of truth, good and honesty;
hating what He hates of falsehood, evil, injustice and wrong; and other natural
factors like: love for money, family and children and desire for food, drink and
sex and necessary physical functions that follow that.
Two: Man’s free will and choice. Allaah has sent Messengers to him and
revealed Books so that he might distinguish between truth and falsehood;
guidance and error; good and evil. He gave him mental power and
understanding so that he can make his choice with sure knowledge. If he so
wills, he takes to the good path that leads him to truth and guidance; and if he
so wills, he takes to the evil path that leads him to evil and perdition.
If you therefore, look at man in the perspective of the first factor, you will find
that he is created to submit to Allaah, conditioned to adhere to that submission
without making any deviation whatsoever, just like any other creature.
But if you look at him in the perspective of the second factor, you will find him
as a free creature, who chooses what he wants. He may choose to become a
Muslim or to become an infidel… “Whether he be grateful or ungrateful.”1
Hence, you find people divided into two categories:
A man who knows his Creator, and believes in Him as his Lord and God whom
he worships alone and follows his Law in his life voluntarily. He is also
conditioned to submit to his Lord, from Who he cannot deviate and Whose
ordainments he follows– such a man is the complete Muslim whose Islaam is
perfect and whose knowledge is sound; for he knows Allaah, his Creator and
Fashioner, Who sent Messengers to him and endowed him with the power of
knowledge and learning. Such has had sound reason and correct opinion; for
he has made use of his thought and then decided not to worship but Allaah
Who blessed him with understanding and sound opinions in matters. His
tongue speaks only the truth; for now, he only believes in One Lord Who is
Allaah, the Exalted, Who gave him power to speak. It now becomes as if
nothing remains in his life but the truth; for he follows and surrenders to the
Law of Allaah in that which he has free will; and there exists between him and
other creatures in the universe bond of familiarity and friendliness, for, he
worships none but Allaah, the All-Wise, All-Knowledgeable, Whom all creatures
worship, and unto Whose Commandments and Ordainments all surrender and
submit. And Allaah has subjected all these creatures to you, O man!
1
Al-Insaan 76:3.
61

REALITY OF DISBELIEF
On the contrary is another man, who was born in submission to Allaah and
lived all his life in submission to Allaah but never felt this submission or had
any idea of it. He knew not his Lord, nor believed in His Law or followed His
Messengers. He did not use the knowledge and intellect that Allaah gave him to
recognize his Creator Who carved for him his ears and eyes. He rather denied
His existence, he disdained His worship and refused to submit to His Laws in
matters of his life in which he is given the right of disposition and choice. Or he
associated others with Him in worship and refused to believe in His signs that
indicate His Oneness. Such a man is a Kaafir. For the meaning of 'Kufr' in the
language, is 'to cover and conceal'. So this man is called a 'Kaafir' for he
conceals his nature and covers it with ignorance and insolence; and the nature
of the world and that of his own self are hidden from him. You therefore, see
him using his intellectual and logical power only in that which contradicts his
nature. He would not see anything but that which could corrupt his nature. It is
now left to you to estimate the extent of deep error and clear transgression to
which the disbeliever has degenerated.1
This Islaam which you are required to practice is not a difficult matter, but very
easy for whomsoever Allaah makes it easy for. Islaam is the religion which all
this universe follow.
"And to Him submitted all creatures in the heavens and the earth, willingly or
unwillingly"2
Allaah says,
"Truly, the religion with Allaah is Islaam"3
It is submission of one's whole self to Allaah as He, Great is His praise asserts,
"If they dispute with you (O Muhammad) say: I have submitted to Allaah in
Islaam and have those who follow me."4
The Messenger of Allaah also explained the meaning of Islaam when he said,
"It is to submit your heart to Allaah, to direct your face to Allaah (in worship)
and to give the obligatory Zakaah."5
A man asked the Messenger of Allaah: 'What is Islaam?'
The Messenger of Allaah answered: 'It is to surrender your heart to Allaah; and
that Muslims should be safe from the harm of your tongue and hand.'
The man said: 'Which Islam is best?'
He answered: 'The Faith (Eemaan)'
He asked: 'What is Faith?'
1
Mabaadiul Islaam 3,4.
2
Aal 'Imraan 3:83.
3
Aal 'Imraan 3:19.
4
Aal 'Imraan 3:20.
5
Ahmad and Ibn Hibbaan.
62

He answered: 'To believe in Allaah, His angels, His Books, His Messengers and
to believe in Resurrection after death.'1
The Messenger of Allaah also said, "Islaam is to testify that there is no deity
worthy of worship except Allaah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of
Allaah; to observe the prayers, to give the Zakaah, to fast in the month of
Ramadaan and to perform pilgrimage to the House if you are able to."2
He also said, "The Muslim is the one from the evil of whose hand and tongue all
Muslims are safe."3
This religion – the religion of Islaam – is the one besides which Allaah accepts
no other religion, not from former generations or later generations. For all
Prophets were Muslims. Allaah says about Prophet Noah,
"And recite to them the news of Noah. When he said to his people: 'O my
people, if my stay (with you) and my reminding you of the signs of Allaah is
hard on you, then I put my trust in Allaah.'" Till He says, "…and I have been
commanded to be of the Muslims."4
The Almighty also says about Abraham,
"When his Lord said to him; 'Submit (i.e., be a Muslim)! He said: I have
submitted myself (as a Muslim) to the Lord of all the worlds.' "5
He says about Moses,
"And Moses said, 'O my people! If you have believed in Allaah, then put your
trust in Him if you are Muslims.' "6
He has the following to say about Jesus Christ,
"And when I (Allaah) revealed to the disciples (of Jesus) to believe in Me and
my Messenger, they said: 'We believe. And bear witness that we are Muslims.'
"7
This religion – Islaam – derives all its laws, beliefs and rules from the Divine
Revelation: the Qur'aan and Sunnah. I will give you a brief information about
them.
1
Ahmad. See: Fadlul Islaam by Imaam Muhammad bin Abdul-Wahhaab p. 8.
2
Muslim.
3
Al-Bukhaaree and Muslim.
4
Yoonus 10:71-72.
5
Al-Baqarah 2:131
6
Yoonus 10:84.
7
Al-Maaidah 5:11.
63

SOURCES OF ISLAAM
It has been a habit for adherents of abrogated religions and man-made creeds
to hallow their inherited books, which were written since ancient times and
whose authors or translators or the time of their writing may not really be
known. They were just written by some people who used to suffer from what
other human beings suffer from like weakness, defect, whimsical desires and
forgetfulness.
As for the Qur'aan, it is different from all other books in that, it depends on the
true source which is the Divine Revelation: the Qur'aan and Sunnah. Following
is the brief introduction of both:
A. The Glorious Qur'aan:
You have known previously that Islaam is the religion of Allaah, that was why
Allaah revealed the Qur'aan to His Messenger, Muhammad as a guidance for
the pious, a Law for the Muslims, a healing for the disease that is in the hearts
of those whom Allaah wants to heal and a light for those whom Allaah wants to
give success. It contains the fundamentals for which Allaah sent the
Messengers.1
The Qur'aan was not the first Book to be revealed nor was
Muhammad the first Messenger to be sent. Allaah has revealed the Scriptures
to Abraham; Torah to Moses and the Gospel to Jesus. All these Books were
revelations from Allaah to His Prophets and Messengers. But the contents of
most of these Books have been lost and have become extinct, and interpolation
and alterations have entered them.
As for the Qur'aan, Allaah Himself guarantees its protection and makes it the
witness and abolisher of earlier Books. He says while addressing the Prophet,
"And We have sent down to you the Book (the Qur'aan) in truth, confirming
the Scriptures that came before it and as a witness over it."2
He describes the Qur'aan as an explanation of everything,
"And We have sent down to you the Book as an exposition of everything."3
He calls it guidance and mercy,
"So now has come to you a clear proof (the Qur'aan) from your Lord, and a
guidance and a mercy."4
He describes it as that which guides to uprightness when He says,
"Verily, this Qur'aan guides to that which is most just and right."5
The Qur'aan guides mankind to the most righteous path in all aspects of their
life.
1
As-Sunnah wamakaanatuhaa fit-tashree'il Islaami by Mustafa As-Sibaa'ee p. 376.
2
Al-Maaidah 5:48.
3
An-Nahl 16:89.
4
Al-An'aam 6:157.
5
Al-Israa 17:9.
64

Whoever reflects on how the Qur'aan was revealed and how it was preserved
will give the book its due estimation and purify his intention for Allaah alone.
Allaah, the Exalted says,
"And truly, this (the Qur'aan) is a revelation from the Lord of all the worlds,
which, the trustworthy spirit (Jibreel) has brought down upon your heart (O
Muhammad) that you may be (one) of the warners."1
So the One Who revealed the Qur'aan is Allaah, Lord of all the worlds; and the
one who brought it is the trustworthy spirit Gabriel; and the one in whose heart
it was revealed is the Prophet.
The Qur'aan is an everlasting miracle for Muhammad. It contains signs that
shall abide till the Day of Resurrection. The signs and miracles of previous
Prophets used to end at the termination of the Prophets' lives, but Allaah has
made the Qur'aan the everlasting proof.
It is the extensive proof and dazzling sign. Allaah challenges the mankind to
produce the like thereof or ten soorahs like it or even a single soorah that
resembles it, and they are unable to do that in spite of the fact that it is
composed of letters and words and the people on whom it was first revealed
were people of eloquence and rhetoric. Allaah says,
"Or do they say: (Muhammad) has forged it? Say: Bring then a Soorah like
unto it and call upon whomsoever you can besides Allaah, if you are truthful."2
Among the things that testify to the fact that the Qur'aan is a revelation from
Allaah is that it contains stories of the past nations, prophesied future events
that came to happen as it has prophesied and the fact that it mentions many
scientific facts that have not been discovered until recently. Another proof of its
being a Divinely revealed Book is that the Prophet on whom it was revealed
was unknown with anything similar to that or reported to have known anything
similar to the Qur'aan. Allaah says,
"Say (O Muhammad): If Allaah had so willed, I should not have recited it to
you, nor would He have made it known to you. Verily, I have stayed amongst
you a lifetime before this. Have you then no sense?"3
He was rather an illiterate who neither read nor wrote. He did not also, visit
any Shaykh or men to produce the like of the Qur'aan. Allaah says,
"Neither did you (O Muhammad) read any book before it (the Qur'aan) nor did
you write any book (whatsoever) with your right hand. In that case, indeed,
the followers of falsehood might have doubted."4
This unlettered man who has been described in the Torah and the Gospel that
he would not read nor write, was visited by Jewish ad Christian monks – who
had some remnants of the Torah and the Gospel – and asked about issues by
which they differed, and they would request for his arbitration in matters in
which they contended. Allaah says, explaining the description of Muhammad in
the Torah and the Gospel,
1
Ash-Shuara26:192-194.
2
Yoonus 10:38.
3
Yoonus 10:16.
4
Al-'Ankaboot 29:48.
65

"Those who follow the Message, the Prophet who can neither read nor write
(i.e. Muhammad) whom they find written with them in the Torah and the
Gospel, he commands them to do all that is good and forbids them from all
that is evil; he allows them as lawful all good things and prohibits them as
unlawful all filthy things."1
Allaah also says, while speaking about the question that the Jews and
Christians asked the Prophet,
"The People of the Scripture ask you to cause a book to descend upon them
from heaven."2
"And they ask you concerning the Spirit."3
"And they ask you about Dhul-Qarnayn."4
"Verily, this Qur'aan narrates to the Children of Israel most of that in which
they differ."5
Reverend Abraham Philips, has had a failed attempt, in his doctorate thesis to
undermine the Qur'aan. The Qur'aan rather overwhelmed him with its proofs,
evidences and signs. The man proclaimed his own weakness, surrendered to
his Creator and embraced Islaam.6
When one of the Muslims presented a translated copy of the meaning of the
Noble Qur'aan as a gift to the American doctor, Jeffrey Lang, he found that this
Qur'aan was addressing him, answering his questions and removing the barrier
between him and His own soul. He said, "It seems that He Who revealed the
Qur'aan knows me more than I know myself."7
Yes, the One Who revealed the Qur'aan is the Creator of man, and He is Allaah,
may He be Glorified. He says,
"Should not He Who has created know? And He is the Most-Kind and
Courteous, the All-Knower"8
So, the man's reading of the translation of the meaning of the Noble Qur'aan
led him to Islaam and to the writing of his book from which I am quoting.
The Qur'aan is comprehensive to all that man needs. It contains all
fundamentals of faith, legislations, human interactions and manners. Allaah
says,
"We have neglected nothing in the book."9
In the Qur'aan, there is call to belief in the Oneness of Allaah, and mention of
His Names, Attributes and deeds. It calls to belief in the authenticity of what
the Prophets and Messengers brought. It affirms the Resurrection, reward and
1
Al-A'raaf 7:157.
2
An-Nisaa 4:153.
3
Al-Israa 17:85.
4
Al-Kahf 18:83.
5
An-Naml 27:76.
6
See: Al-Mustashriqoon wal-mubashshiroon fil-'aalamil 'arabee wal Islaamee, Ibrahim Khalil Ahmad.
7
“Struggle in the Cause of Faith”, by Dr. Jeffrey Lang; Arabic translation by Mundhir Al-‘Absee p34.
8
Al-Mulk 67:14.
9
Al-An'aam 6:38.
66

reckoning and establishes evidences and proofs for that. It narrates the stories
of past nations, the punishment meted out to them in this world as well as the
torment and exemplary punishment that awaits them in the Hereafter.
It also contains many proofs and signs that dazzle the scientists and that is
suitable for all generations and ages; and in which many scholars and
researchers find what they look for. I will give only three examples that reveal
some of these facts.
1. His saying, "And it is He Who has let free the seas: one palatable and sweet
and the other salty and bitter; and He has set a barrier and a complete
partition between them."1
He also says,
"Or is like the darkness in a vast deep sea, overwhelmed with waves topped by
waves, topped by dark clouds, (layers of) darkness upon darkness: if a man
stretches out his hand, he can hardly see it! And he for whom Allaah has not
appointed light, for him there is no light."2
It is well-known that Muhammad never travelled by sea on a sea neither was
there in his time the material instruments that could have helped to discover
the depths of the sea. Who else could have provided Muhammad with this data
if not Allaah?
2. Allaah says, "And indeed, We created man out of clay (water and earth),
therefore, We made him (the offspring of Adam) as a mixed drops of male and
female sexual discharge (and lodged it) in a safe lodging (womb), then We
made the mixed dropsinto a clot (a piece of thick coagulated blood) then We
made the clot into little lump of flesh, then we made out of that little lump of
flesh bones, then We clothed the bone with flesh and We brought it forth as
another Creation. So, blessed is Allaah, the Best of Creators."3
The scientists did not discover these subtle details about the stages of
embryonic development until recently.
3. Allaah also says, "And with Him are the keys of all that is hidden, none
knows them but He. And He knows whatever there is in the land and in the
sea; not a leaf falls but He knows it. There is not a grain in the darkness of the
earth nor anything fresh or dry, but is written in a Clear Record."4
Mankind did not know this all-encompassing thought and had never thought
about these things let alone having the ability to do it. If a group of scientists
observe a plant or insect and they record their findings and discoveries we all
become dazzled with that, though we know that what is hidden from these
scientists in this plant or insect is more than what they observe in it.
The French scholar Maurice Bucaile has made a comparison between Torah, the
Gospel and the Qur'aan and between modern scientific discoveries concerning
the creation of the heavens, the earth and man and found out that these
modern discoveries agree with what is in the Qur'aan. On the other hand, he
found out that the Torah and the Gospel that are in circulation today contain
1
Al-Furqaan 25:53.
2
An-Noor 24:40.
3
Al-Mu'minoon 23:12-14.
4
Al-An'aam 6:59.
67

many erroneous information about the creation of the heavens, the earth, man
and animals.1
B. The Prophetic Sunnah:
Allaah revealed the Qur'aan to the Messenger and revealed to him like thereof
which is the Prophetic Sunnah that explains the Qur'aan. The Messenger of
Allaah said, "Indeed, I am given the Qur'aan and its like with it."2
Allaah has
permitted him to explain the general and particular verses of the Qur'aan.
Allaah says,
"And We have also sent down to you (O Muhammad) the reminder, that you
may explain clearly to men what is sent down to them, and that they may give
thought."3
The Sunnah is the second source of the religion of Islaam. It means all that is
reported from the Prophet – with well-connected and authentic chain of
transmitters – of his sayings, deeds, confirmations and qualities. It is also a
revelation from Allaah to His Messenger Muhammad, for the Prophet did not
speak of his own desire. Allaah says,
"Nor, does he speak of (his own) desire, it is only a Revelation revealed. He
has been taught by one mighty in power (Gabriel)."4
The Prophet only conveys to people what he is commanded to convey. Allaah
says about him,
"I only follow that which is revealed to me, and I am but a plain warner."5
The pure Sunnah is the practical implementation of the rules, beliefs, acts of
worship, kinds of relationship and manners that Islaam enjoins. The Messenger
of Allaah exemplified what he was commanded, explained it to the people and
commanded them to do like he did. He says, for instance, "Pray as you see me
praying."6
The All-Mighty Allaah has commanded the believers to emulate him in all his
deeds and sayings in order that their faith might be complete. He says,
"Indeed, in the Messenger of Allaah, you have a good example to follow for
him who hopes for (the meeting with) Allaah and the Last Day and remembers
Allaah much."7
The prophets noble companions transmitted his sayings and deeds to those
who came after them, and these also transmitted them to those who came
after them. It was then recorded in the books of Sunnah. The Sunnah
transmitters had been strict with those from whom they transmitted it and
would make a condition that they be contemporaries of those from whom they
themselves reported that Sunnah, till the chain of transmission would be
1
See: "The Torah, the Bible and the Qur'aan in the light of modern science" by Maurice Bucaile p. 133-283. He was a
Christian revert.
2
Ahmad and Aboo Dawood.
3
An-Nahl 16:44.
4
An-Najm 53:3-5.
5
Al-Ahqaaf 46:9.
6
Al-Bukhaaree.
7
Al-Ahzaab 33:21.
68

connected right from the narrator to the Messenger of Allaah.1
They also made
it a condition that all the men involved in the transmission must be
trustworthy, just, sincere and people of integrity.
The Sunnah, as it is regarded as the practical implementation of Islaam, it also
explains the Qur'aan, makes comments on it, and explains verses that have
general meanings. The Messenger of Allaah used to do all this, sometimes with
his words, sometimes with his deeds and sometimes with both. The Sunnah
may, in some cases, give independent explanations of some rules and
legislations that are not in the Qur'aan.
One must have belief in the Qur'aan and Sunnah that they are the primary
sources of the religion of Islaam that must be followed and turned to. The
command of both must be obeyed, their prohibitions must be abstained from
and their contents must be believed. One must also believe in what both
contain of the Names, Attributes and Works of Allaah; what He has provided
for His believing friends and that with which He threatened His disbelieving
enemies. He says,
"But no, by your Lord, they can have no faith, until they make you (O
Muhammad) judge in all disputes between them, and find in themselves no
resistance against your decisions, and accept (them) with full submission."2
He also says,
"And whatsoever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatsoever he forbids
you, abstain (from it)."3
After giving an introduction about the sources of this religion, it is appropriate
for us to discuss about its degrees which are: Islaam, Eemaan and Ihsaan. We
are also going to talk on the pillars of these degrees in brief.
1
As a result of this unique academic methodology and accuracy and precision in transmitting the Sunnah, a science was
introduced among the Muslims, that are known as 'ilmul-jarh wat-ta'deel' and 'ilm mustalahul-hadeeth'. The two
sciences are among the exclusive qualities of the Muslims, which none possessed before them.
2
An-Nisaa 4:65.
3
Al-Hashr 59:7.
69

THE FIRST DEGREE1
Islaam: Its pillars are five, they are: Testifying that there is no deity worthy of
worship but Allaah and that Muhammad is His Messenger; performing prayer,
paying Zakaat, fasting in the month of Ramadaan and Pilgrimage.
One: Testifying that there is no deity worthy of worship save Allaah and that
Muhammad is His Messenger.
The first part of the testimony means that, there is no rightful deity in the
earth or in the heavens beside Him alone. He is the only true God and all
deities besides Him are false ones.2
It also means, purifying all acts of worship
for Allaah alone and keeping them away from others beside Him. The utterer of
this statement cannot benefit from it until he has two things:
1. To say it out of belief, knowledge, conviction and love for it.
2. To disbelieve in all that is worshipped besides Allaah. Whoever says this
statement and does not disbelieve in all that is worshipped besides Allaah, this
statement will not benefit him.3
Testifying that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allaah means, to follow him in
all that he commands, to believe in all that he informs, to abstain from all that
he prohibits and warns against and to worship Allaah with only what he
legislates. One must also know and bear it in mind that Muhammad is Allaah's
Messenger to all people, that he is only a slave of Allaah and should therefore
not be worshipped, but rather be obeyed and followed, that whoever follows
him enters Paradise and whoever disobeys him enters Fire. One must also
know and bear it in mind that, Islaamic injunctions in matters of belief, acts of
worship which are commanded by Allaah, system of law and matters of
legislation and morals in area of building a family, or in area of allowing or
forbidding things cannot be received except through this noble Prophet, for he
is the Messenger of Allaah, who conveys His Law to mankind.4
Two: Prayer.5
Prayer is the second pillar of Islaam. It is rather the pillar of Islaam, for it is
the link between man and his Lord. He repeats it five times in a day with which
he renews his faith, purifies himself from stains of sins and which stands
between him and obscene things and sins. When he wakes up from sleep in the
morning, he appears in front of his Lord pure and clean before he starts
engaging in matters of this world. He magnifies his Lord, affirms His absolute
right to be worshipped by prostrating, standing and bowing for Him five times
each day.
1
For more details see, "Kitaabut-Tawheed", "Al-Usooluth-Thalaathah", "Aadaabul-mashyi ilas-Salaah" by Shaykh
Muhammad bin Abdul-Wahhab.
See also: "Deenul-Haqq" by Abdur-Rahmaan Al-Umar; "Maalaabudda min ma'rifatihi anil Islaam" by Muhammad bin
'Alee al-Arfaj; "Arkaanul Islaam" by Abdullah Al-Jaarallaah; "Sharh arkaanil Islaam wal Eemaan" by a group of
students and reviewed by Shaykh Abdullaah Al-Jibreen.
2
Deenul-Haqq p. 38.
3
Qurratu 'uyoonul muwahhideen, p. 60.
4
For more details, read, "Kayfiyyatul Salaatin-Nabiyy" by Shaykh bin Baaz.
5
Deenul-Haqq p. 51-52.
70

Before he starts performing this prayer, he must purify his heart, body, clothes
and place of his prayer. The Muslim must perform this prayer congregationally
with his fellow Muslims – if that is easy for him – while they all face their Lord
with their hearts and face the honoured Ka'abah, the House of Allaah with their
faces. Prayer has been prescribed in the best form in which the Creator
requires His creation to worship Him; for it contains His glorification with all
parts of the body; from word of the tongue, deeds of the hands, legs, head,
senses and all other parts of his body; each part taking his share of this great
act of worship.
The senses and limbs take their portion from it and the heart also takes its
share. Prayer comprises of exaltation of Allaah, praising Him, glorifying Him,
extolling Him. It also contains giving the testimony of the truth, recitation of
the Qur'aan, standing in front of the Lord Who controls him, then humiliating
oneself for Him in this position by begging Him with devotion and seeking His
nearness. He then goes to bowing position, prostration and then sits down, all
in submission, humility and showing helplessness for His greatness and His
Might. The heart of this slave becomes broken, his body becomes humble and
all his limbs surrenders with humility to his Lord. He then concludes his prayer
with giving thanks to Allaah and praising Him, and invoking peace and
blessings on His Prophet, Muhammad and finally asks his Lord of the good
things of this world and the Hereafter.1
Three: Zakaah2
Zakaah – obligatory charity – is the third pillar of Islaam. It is compulsory on
the rich Muslims to pay Zakaah from his wealth. It is a very little part of his
wealth that he gives to the poor and needy and others among those who are
entitled to it.
Muslims must pay Zakaah to its due recipients willingly. He should neither
remind the recipient of that nor harm him in whatever way on account of it. He
must pay it seeking for the pleasure of Allaah; not desiring by that any
recompense or thanks from men. He should rather pay it for the sake of Allaah
not for showing off or for any fame.
Paying Zakaah brings blessings and gladdens the hearts of the poor, the
destitute and the needy. It prevents them from begging and it is a compassion
on them and protection against negligence and poverty that could have
afflicted them if they are left by the wealthy. Paying Zakaah when it is due is a
quality of generosity, magnanimity, altruism, philanthropy and compassion. It
also means freeing one self from traits of stingy, avaricious and valueless
people. It is by Zakaah that Muslims support one another, that the wealthy
shows mercy on the poor, so that there will not remain in the community – if
this rite is properly implemented - a poor destitute, a subdued debtor or a
traveller who has no more provisions with him.
Four: Fasting
It is to fast in the month of Ramadaan from the dawn to the sunset. The
fasting Muslim abandons food, drink, sexual intercourse and similar things as
an act of worship for Allaah and curbs his own soul from fulfilling its desires.
Allaah has relieved the sick, the traveller, the pregnant woman, the nursing
mother and a woman who has just delivered a baby from fasting. He ordained
for each of them rules that suit him or her.
1
For more, read "Risaalataani fiz-zakaati was-siyaam" by Shaykh Ibn Baz.
2
Miftaah daar as-sa'aadah 2:384.
71

In this month, a Muslim curbs his own self from his desires and this act of
worship will bring his soul out of the animal-like world to the world similar to
that of angels who are near to Allaah. The situation of a fasting Muslim may
reach a stage that he thinks like someone who has no need in this world more
than to achieve the pleasure of Allaah.
Fasting enlivens the heart, makes one renounce the world, encourages one to
seek what is with Allaah, and reminds the wealthy of the poor ones and their
conditions so that their hearts may have sympathy for them and know that
they are living in the favour of Allaah and therefore should increase in gratitude
to him.
Fasting purifies the soul and create in it the fear of Allaah. It makes individuals
and the society feel the control of Allaah on them in bliss and hardship and in
public and secret; where the society spends a whole month observing this act
of worship and being conscious of its Lord; while being spurred by the fear of
Allaah, the Exalted, by a belief that Allaah knows what is hidden and secret,
that man will inevitably stand before Him a day in which He will ask him about
all his deeds: minor and major.1
Five: Hajj2
Pilgrimage to the House of Allaah in Makkah. It is obligatory on every Muslim
who is adult, sane and capable; who possesses or can afford to hire means of
transportation to Makkah and also possesses what is sufficient for him to live
on throughout his journey with a condition that his provision should be an
excess of the provision of those who are his dependants. He should also be
sure that the road is safe and must ensure security of his dependants while he
is away. Hajj is compulsory once in the lifetime for whoever is able to perform
it.
One who intends to do Hajj should repent to Allaah in order that his soul can
be free from filth of sins. When he reaches Makkah and other holy sites, he
carries out the rites of hajj as an act of worship and glorification for Allaah. He
must know that the Ka'abah as well as other sites should not be worshipped
beside Allaah, for they neither benefit nor harm. He should also know that had
Allaah not commanded the Muslims to embark on pilgrimage to that House, it
would not have been proper for any Muslim to do that.
In pilgrimage, the pilgrim wears two white garments. The Muslims gather from
all parts of the world at one place, wearing one garment and worshipping One
God; with no difference between the leader and the led; the rich and the poor;
the white and the black. All are creatures of Allaah and his slaves. There is no
superiority for a Muslim over another Muslim except by piety and good deeds.
By Hajj, Muslims achieve cooperation and mutual recognition, they remember
the Day that Allaah will raise all of them up ad gather them at a single place
for reckoning, they thereby prepare for what is after death through acts of
obedience to Allaah.
Worship in Islaam:3
It is to worship Allaah in meaning and reality. Allaah is the Creator and you are
the creature; you are the slave and He is the One that you worship. If that is
1
See "Miftaah daar as-sa'aadah" 2, p. 384.
2
For detailed reading see: "Daleelul-Hajj wal mu'tamir" by a group of scholars and "Explanations in many issues
pertaining to Hajj and Umrah" by Shaykh Ibn Baz.
3
See "Al-uboodiyyah" by Shaykhul Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah.
72

the case, man must then follow the Straight Path of Allaah in this life and
follow His Law and the Path of his Messengers. Allaah has ordained great laws
for His slaves like belief in His Oneness, performing prayers, paying Zakaah,
observing fasting and performing Hajj.
However, the above mentioned are not the only acts of worship in Islaam.
Worship in Islaam is more comprehensive. It is all that Allaah loves and is
pleased with of deeds and sayings, apparent or hidden. So, every work or
saying that you do or say that Allaah loves and He is pleased with is worship.
Even, every good habit that you do with an intention to please Allaah is
worship. Your good relationship with your father, family, spouse, children and
neighbours if you seek by that the pleasure of Allaah is worship. Your good
conduct at home, in the market and office, done for the sake of Allaah is
worship. Fulfilling the trust, being truthful and just, abstention from harming
others, giving assistance to the weak, earning from lawful means, spending for
family and children, consoling the poor, visiting the sick, feeding the hungry
and aiding the wronged are all acts of worship if done for the sake of Allaah.
So, all deeds that you do either for yourself, family or the society or your
country in which you intend to win the pleasure of Allaah are acts of worship.
Even to fulfil your personal passion in a lawful way is worship if you do that
with a good intention. The Messenger of Allaah said, "Even if anyone of you
satiate his sexual desires, that is an act of charity."
The companions said, "O Messenger of Allaah! Would any of us satiate his own
lust and still get a reward?"
He answered, "Tell me, if he had done that in an unlawful way would not he
have sinned? Likewise, if he does it in a lawful way, he would get a reward."1
The Prophet also said, "Every Muslim must pay charity."
He was asked, "How if he does not find what to pay charity with?"
He said, "He works with his two hands benefits himself by that and then pay
charity."
He was asked again, "But how if he is not able?"
He said, "He should assist the needy who is wronged."
He was again asked, "But how if he is not able?"
He answered, "He enjoins all that is good."
And he was asked once more, "But how, if he is not able to do that?"
He answered, "He refrains from doing evil, for that also is for him, an act of
charity."2
1
Muslim.
2
Bukhaaree and Muslim.
73

THE SECOND DEGREE1
Faith and its six pillars: Belief in Allaah, His angels, His Books, His Messengers,
belief in the Last Day and belief in pre-decree.
First: Belief in Allaah.
You must believe in His Lordship; that He is the Lord, the Creator, the
Possessor and the Controller of all matters. You must also believe in His right
to be worshipped, that He is the only True Deity, that all deities besides Him
are false. You must believe in His Names and Attributes, that He has Beautiful
Names and perfect Sublime Attributes.
You must also believe in His Oneness in all that, that He has no partner in His
Lordship, nor in His right to be worshipped or in His Names and Attributes. He
says,
“Lord of the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them, so worship
Him and be constant and patient in His worship. Do you know of any who is
similar to Him?”2
You must also believe that neither slumber nor sleep overtakes Him; that He
knows all that is hidden and evident; and that to him belongs the sovereignty
of the heavens and the earth. He says,
“And with Him are the keys of all that is hidden, none knows them but He. And
He knows whatever is in the land and in the sea; not a leaf falls but He knows
it. There is not a grain in the darkness of the earth nor anything fresh or dry,
but is written in a Clear Record.”3
You must also believe that He – may He be exalted – rose high over His Throne
above His creation, and that He is with them by His knowledge and He knows
their conditions, hears their utterances, sees their places and controls their
affairs. He provides for the poor, gives relief to the dejected, gives authority to
whom He wills, withdraws it from whom He wills and that He is Able to do all
things.4
Among the benefits of belief in Allaah are the following:
1. It lets man love Allaah and glorify Him and as such carry out His
commandments and abstain from all that He forbids. If man does that, he
attains perfect happiness in this world and the Hereafter.
2. Belief in Allaah creates in the mind self-esteem and dignity, for through
it, man will know that it is only Allaah who is the True Possessor of all that is in
this universe, that there is no bringer of harm or benefit except Him. This
knowledge makes him dispenses of all that is besides Allaah and removes from
his heart the fear of others besides Allaah and he will not hope except for
Allaah and will not fear except Him alone.
1
For more, read, "Sharh usool al-eeman" by Ibn 'Uthaymeen; "Kitaabul eemaan" by Ibn Taymiyyah; "Aqeedatul
ahlissunnah waljamaa'ah" by Ibn 'Uthaymeen.
2
Maryam 19:65.
3
Al-An‘aam 6:59.
4
See: “ ‘Aqeedatul ahlissunnah waljamaa‘ah ” p. 7, 11.
74

3. Belief in Allaah creates humbleness in the heart; for man will know that
whatever favour he has is from Allaah. Satan will not be able to deceive him,
nor will he become overbearing and arrogant or boast with his power or
wealth.
4. The believer in Allaah will have certain knowledge that there is no way to
success and salvation except through good deeds that please Allah. Some
people, however have false belief that Allaah commanded that His son be
crucified as an atonement for the sins of mankind; some have a belief in false
deities believing that these will do for them what they want while actually they
can neither benefit nor harm; while some are atheists, who do not believe in
the existence of Creator at all. All these beliefs are mere wishful thoughts; for
when those who hold these beliefs meet Allaah on the Day of Resurrection and
they see the reality, they will realise that they have been in clear error.
5. Belief in Allaah creates in man great power of determination, courage,
perseverance, steadfastness and trust in Allaah when he struggles in lofty
matters in this world to achieve the pleasure of Allaah. He will be on perfect
certainty that he is putting his trust in the Possessor of the heavens and the
earth and that He will help him and guide him. He will then be firm like
mountains in his patience, steadfastness and in his trust in Allaah.1
Two: Belief in the angels.
A Muslim must believe in the angels, that, it is Allaah Who created them and
describes them as, “honoured slaves", they speak not until He has spoken and
they act on His Command. He knows what is before them and what is behind
them, and they cannot intercede except for him with Whom He is pleased and
they stand in awe for fear of Him.”2
He also described them that, they, “are not too proud to worship Him, nor are
weary (of His worship). They glorify His praises night and day (and) they never
slacken (to do so).”3
Allaah conceals them from our eyes, so that we do not see them. But Allaah
sometimes shows some of them to some of His Prophets and Messengers.
Angels have functions assigned to them. Jibreel is assigned to Revelations
which he brings from Allaah to whosoever He wishes of His Messengers. Among
them is also an angel assigned to taking the souls, among them are those
assigned to the foetuses in the wombs, among them are those assigned to the
protection of mankind and among them are those assigned to recording of their
deeds. Every person has two angels “one sitting on the right and one on the
left (to note his or her actions) not a word does he (or she) utter but there is a
watcher by him (or her) ready (to record it)”4
Benefits of belief in angels
1. It purifies the belief of the Muslim from stains of polytheism; for when a
Muslim believes in the existence of angels whom Allaah assigns with these
great functions, he will be free from belief in the existence of imaginary
creatures that some people claim have a share in the running of the affairs of
the universe.
1
See: ‘Aqeedatul ahlissunnah waljamaa‘ah p. 44 and Mabadiul Islaam p. 80, 84.
2
Al-Anbiyaa 21:26-28.
3
Al-Anbiyaa 21:19-20.
4
Qaaf 50:17-18.
75

2. It lets the Muslims know that, the angels neither benefit nor harm, but
that they are honoured slaves, who disobey not Allaah when He commands
them but rather do what they are commanded. He will not worship them, nor
direct his affairs to them or depend on them.
Three: Belief in the Books
To believe that Allaah revealed Books to his Prophets and Messengers, in order
to explain the truth and call to it. Allaah says,
“Indeed, We have sent Our Messengers with clear proofs, and revealed with
them the Scripture and the Balance (justice), that mankind may keep up
justice.”1
These Books are many. Among them are the Scripture of Prophet Ibraaheem,
the Torah of Prophet Moosaa, the Psalms given to Prophet David and the
Gospel which was brought by Prophet Jesus Christ, may peace be upon all of
them.
Belief in the Previous Books lies in believing that it is Allaah Who revealed them
to His Messengers and that they contained the Law that Allaah wanted to be
conveyed to people at that time.
All these Books that Allaah informs us about have all become extinct. The
scripture of Abraham is no longer existing in the world. As for the Torah, the
Gospel and the Psalms, even though they do exist by name in the hands of
Jews and Christians, they have become altered, interpolated and adulterated
and many of their original contents are missing. That which are not part of
them have been included in them, and they are attributed to those who are not
their authors. The old testament for instance, has more than forty books, and
only five of them were attributed to Moses. As for the existing gospels of
today, nothing of them is attributed to Jesus. The last Book revealed by Allaah
is the Qur’aan which was revealed to Prophe Muhammad. It has always been
and still is protected and preserved by Allaah. No change or alteration has
crept into any of its letters, words, vowels or meanings.
The Qur’aan is different from all previous Books in many ways:
1. The past Books have been lost; changes and interpolations have crept
into them; they have been attributed to those who are not their rightful
owners; many commentaries and exegesis have been added to them and they
contain many things that contradict Divine Revelation, the reason and nature.
As for the Qur’aan, it is still being protected by Allaah, with its letters and
words in which Allaah revealed them to Muhammad. No alteration nor addition
has crept into it; for Muslims have been eager to let the Qur’aan remain free
from all defects. They do not mix it with anything from the Prophet’s life
history, or the history of his companions or commentaries of the Qur’aan or
rules pertaining to acts of worship and human relations.
2. Today, there is no known historical authority for the ancient books.
Even, nothing was known about those on whom some of them were revealed
or in which language they were revealed. Some of them are even attributed to
others beside those who actually brought them.
1
Al-Hadeed 57:25.
76

As for the Qur’aan, Muslims have transmitted it from Muhammad in a
successive manner, verbally and in written form. And at every age and
country, there are thousands of Muslims who know this Book by heart as there
are thousands of its copies as well. If the oral copies do not agree with written
copies, the divergent copies will not be recognised; for what is in the memories
of people should always be in agreement with what is in the written copies.
Above all, the Qur’aan was transmitted orally in a way that nothing of the
books of this world had enjoyed. Even this particular method of transmission
cannot be found except among Muslims alone. The methodology of preserving
the Qur'aan goes this way: The student learns the Qur’aan by heart at the
hand of his teacher; who had in turn learnt it by heart at the hand of his own
teacher. The teacher also gives the student a certificate called “Ijaazah” in
which the teacher testifies that he taught the student what he himself learnt
from his own teachers one after another, each and everyone of these teachers
will name his teacher from whom he learnt the Qur’aan in succession till the
chain reaches the Messenger of Allaah himself. This is how the chain of
teachers go in oral succession till it reaches the Messenger of Allaah.
There exists many strong evidences and historical proofs – with connected
chains of transmitters – on the knowledge of every soorah and every verse of
the Qur’aan as regards where it was revealed and when it was revealed to
Muhammad.
3. The languages in which past Books were revealed had become extinct
since a long time. No one in this age speaks the languages and very few people
can now understand them. As for the language in which the Qur’aan was
revealed, it is a living language spoken today by tens of millions of people. It is
taught and studied in every country of the world. Even the one who does not
study it will find everywhere those who can teach him the meaning of the
Qur’aan.
4. Each of the previous Books was meant for a particular time and sent to a
particular nation; that was why it contained rules that were peculiar to that
nation and that time. Whatever book that has these characteristics is not
suitable for all mankind.
As for the Great Qur’aan, it is a Book meant for all times and all places. It
comprises of ordainments, rules on how humans should relate with one
another and manners that are suitable for every age; for it is addressed to
mankind in general.
In view of the above, it becomes clear that it is not possible that Allaah’s proof
against humanity should be in books whose original copies no longer exist and
whose languages no one in the world of today speaks, after they have been
altered. Allaah’s proof against His creation should be in a Book, protected and
safe from addition, defect or alteration. Its copies should be spread in every
place and written with a living language that is read by millions of people, who
can convey the Messege of Allaah to all mankind. This Book is the Magnificent
Qur’aan which Allaah revealed to Muhammad and that is the witness over all
the previous Books and it confirms them – before they were interpolated. It is
the Book that all mankind must follow, so that, it can be for them, light,
healing, guidance and mercy. Allaah says,
“And this is a Blessed Book which We have sent down, so follow it and fear
Allaah that you may receive mercy.”1
He also says,
1
Al-An‘aam 6:155.
77

“Say (O Muhammad): O mankind! Verily, I am sent to you all as the
Messenger of Allaah.”1
Four: Belief in the Messengers
To believe that Allaah sent Messengers to His creation in order to give them
glad tidings of Paradise if they believe in Allaah and believe in the Messengers,
and to warn them of punishment if they disobey. Allaah says,
“And verily, We have sent among every nation a Messenger (proclaiming):
Worship Allaah (alone) and avoid all false deities.”2
He also says,
“Messengers as bearers of good news as well as of warning in order that
mankind should have no plea against Allaah after the (coming of)
Messengers.”3
These Messengers are many. The first of them was Noah and the last of them
is Muhammad. There are many among them, those whom Allaah told us stories
about like Abraham, Moses, Jesus, David, John Zakariah and Saalih. There are
also some about whom Allaah tells us nothing. Allaah says,
“And Messengers We have mentioned to you before and Messengers We have
not mentioned to you.”4
All these Messengers were humans created by Allaah. They possessed nothing
of the qualities of Lordship or Godship. Therefore, no act of worship should be
directed to them; for they could avail themselves of any harm or benefit.
Allaah says about Prophet Noah,
“And I do not say to you that with me are the Treasures of Allaah, nor that I
know the Unseen, nor do I say I am an angel.”5
Allaah also Commanded Muhammad to say,
“I do not tell you that with me are the Treasures of Allaah, nor that I know the
Unseen, nor do I tell you that I am an angel.”6
And to say,
“I possess no power over benefit or hurt to myself except as Allaah Wills.”7
The Prophets are therefore honoured slaves, whom Allaah chose and honoured
with the Message and described as His slaves. Their religion is Islaam and
Allaah will not accept any other religion besides it. Allaah says,
“Verily, the religion with Allaah is Islaam.”8
1
Al-A‘raaf 7:158. For all the above, see: Al-Aqeedatu-s-saheehah p. 17; Aqeedatu ahlis-sunnah waljamaa‘ah p. 22;
Mabaadiul Islaam p. 89.
2
An-Nahl 16:36.
3
An-Nisaa 4:165.
4
An-Nisaa 4:164.
5
Hood 11:31.
6
Al-An‘aam 6:50.
7
Al-A‘raaf 7:188.
8
Aal ‘Imraan 3:19.
78

The basic messages of the Prophets were one but their Laws differ. Allaah
says,
“To each among you We have prescribed a Law and a Clear Way.”1
The final of all these Laws is that of Muhammad. It abrogates all other previous
laws. His Message is the last of all Divine Messages and he is the last of all
Messengers. Whoever believes in a Prophet among them should believe in all of
them and whoever denies anyone of them has denied all of them; for all
Prophets and Messengers call to the belief in Allaah, His angels, His Books, His
Messengers and the Last Day and because their religion is one. So, he who
disbelieves in others has disbelieved in all of them; for every one of them
called to belief in all Prophets and Messengers.2
Allaah says,
“The Messenger believes in what has been sent down to him from his Lord and
so do the believers. Each one believes in Allaah, His angels, His Books and His
Messengers”3
He also says,
“Verily, those who disbelieve in Allaah and His Messengers and wish to make
distinction between Allaah and His Messenger saying: We believe in some
(Messengers) but reject others, and wish to adopt a way in between. They are
in truth, disbelievers. And We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating
torment.”4
Five: Belief in the Last Day.
That is because, the end of every being in this world is death! What then is the
fate of man after death? What is the end of the unjust people who escaped the
punishment in this world?, Will they escape the consequence of their
injustices? What about the righteous people who missed their share of the
reward of this world, are their rewards going to be wasted?
Indeed, mankind shall continue to die, generation after generation, until when
Allaah gives His permission that this world should come to an end and all
creatures on the face of the earth die. Allaah will thereafter resurrect all
creatures in a day that will be witnessed by all; a day in which Allaah will
gather all former and later generations. He will then call men to account for all
their deeds either good or bad which they had earned in the world. The
believers will be led to Paradise and the disbelievers will be marched to Fire.
Paradise is the abode of peace which He has prepared for His believing friends.
There are in it all kinds of bliss which no one can describe. It has degrees and
every degree will have dwellers according to the degree of their belief in Allaah
and their obedience to Him. The lowest in degree of the dwellers of Paradise in
bliss will be equal to tenfold of the Kingdom of one of the kings of this world.
Hell is the abode of punishment which Allaah has prepared for him who
disbelieves in Him. It has all kinds of torment whose mere mention is
terrifying. If Allaah will allow anyone to die in the Hereafter the dwellers of the
Fire will certainly die at mere sight of it.
1
Al-Maaidah 5:48.
2
See: Al-Aqeedatus-saheehah p. 17; Aqeedatu ah lus-sunnah waljamaa‘ah p. 25.
3
Al-Baqarah 2:285.
4
An-Nisaa 4:150-151.
79

Allaah knows – by His Pre-Knowledge – what every man will do or say of good
or evil, secretly or publicly. He assigned to every man two angels: one records
his good deeds and the other his evil ones and nothing escapes them. Allaah
says,
"Not a word does he utter but there is a watcher by him ready (to record it)."1
All his deeds will be recorded in a book that will be given to man on the Day of
Resurrection. Allaah says,
"And the book (one's record) will be placed, and you will see the sinners fearful
of that which is (recorded) therein. They will say: 'Woe to us! What sort of
book is this that leaves neither a small thing nor a big thing, but has recorded
it with numbers.' And they will find all that they did, placed before them, and
your Lord treats no one with injustice."2
The man will then read his record and will not deny anything therein and
whosoever denies anything of his deeds, Allaah will give power of speech to his
ears, eyes, hands, legs and skin, so that they could contradict him. Allaah
says,
"And they will say to their skins: 'Why do you testify against us?' They will say:
'Allaah has caused us to speak – and He causes all things to speak' and He
created you the first time and to Him you are made to return. And you have
not been hiding yourselves (in the world) lest your ears, your eyes and your
skins should testify against you; but you thought that Allaah knew not much of
what you were doing."3
Belief in the Last Day4
– Day of Resurrection – was preached by all Messengers
and Prophets. Allaah says,
"And among His signs is that you see the earth barren; but when We send
down water (rain) to it, it is stirred to life and growth (of vegetations). Verily,
He Who gives it life, surely, is Able to give life to the dead (on the Day of
Resurrection). Indeed, He is Able to do all things."5
He also says,
"Do they not see that Allaah, Who created the heavens and the earth, and was
not wearied by their creation, is Able to give life to the dead?"6
This is what the Divine Wisdom necessitates; for Allaah did not create His
creation in vain or leave them for fun. The weakest person in intelligence
cannot carry out any important action without having a purpose for it. How can
this not be imagined in case of man and then think that Allaah only created His
creation for fun and that He shall leave them in vain. Far and Highly Exalted is
Allaah above all that they say. Allaah says,
"Do you think that We had created you in play (without any purpose) and that
you would not be brought back to Us?"7
1
Qaaf 50:18.
2
Al-Kahf 18:49.
3
Fussilat 41:21-22.
4
For more evidences about resurrection, see pages 84-90 of this book.
5
Fussilat 41:39.
6
Al-Ahqaaf 46:33.
7
Al-Mu'minoon 23:115.
80

He also says,
"And We created not the heaven and the earth and all that is between them
without purpose! That is the assumption of those who disbelieve! Then woe to
those who disbelieve (in Islaamic Monotheism) from the Fire."1
All wise men testify to the necessity of belief in the Last Day; for that's what
the intelligence and reason necessitate and what the sound human nature
agrees to. When man believes in the Day of Resurrection, he knows why he
should abstain from what he is ordered to leave and do what he is ordered to
do, hoping for what is with Allaah. He will also know that, he who does
injustice to people will inevitably have his recompense and that those he
wrongs will take revenge on him on the Day of Resurrection. He will also know
that man must have a reward: good reward for good deeds and commensurate
punishment for evil deeds, so that each soul shall be rewarded for what it
strived for and Divine Justice can be established. Allaah says,
"So whoever does an atom weight of good shall see it; and whoever does an
atom weight of evil shall see it."2
No one among mankind knows when the Day of Resurrection will come. This is
a Day that is known to neither a sent Prophet nor a favoured Angel. Allaah
keeps the knowledge of that to Himself alone. He says,
"They ask you about the Hour (Day of Resurrection): 'When will be its
appointed time?' Say: 'The Knowledge thereof is with my Lord. None can
reveal its time but He.' "3
He also says,
"Verily, with Allaah is the knowledge of the Hour."4
Six: Belief in Predecree
You must believe that Allaah knows what happens and what shall happen; that
He knows the conditions, deeds, life spans and provisions of His slaves. He
says,
"Verily, Allaah is All-Knower of everything."5
He also says,
"And with Him are the keys of all that is hidden, none knows them but He. And
He knows whatever there is in the land and in the sea; not a leaf falls but He
knows it. There is not a grain in the darkness of the earth nor anything fresh or
dry, but is written in a Clear Record."6
1
Saad 38:27.
2
Zalzalah 99:7-8.
3
Al-A'raaf 6:187.
4
Luqmaan 31:34.
5
Al-'Ankaboot 29:62.
6
Al-An'aam 6:59. Had not there been in the Qur'aan but only this verse, it would have been enough as a clear evidence
and decisive proof that it is from Allaah; for mankind, in all their ages – even in this age, where knowledge is
widespread and man grows arrogant – have not thought of this comprehensive encompassment, let alone having the
ability to do any of that. The highest extent to which their efforts could carry them is to closely observe a tree or insect
in a particular environment, in order to reveal to us a part of its mysteries. But what is hidden from them in that tree or
insect is greater. As for comprehensive think and encompassment, it is a matter that mankind have not known or have
the ability to know.
81

He registers all that in a Record with Him. He also says,
"And all things We have recorded with numbers (as a record) in a Clear Book."1
He says,
"Know you not that Allaah knows all that is in the heavens and on the earth?
Verily, it is (all) in the Book. Verily, that is easy for Allaah."2
He also says,
"Verily, His Command, when He intends a thing, is only that He says to it, 'Be'
and it is!"3
As it is Allaah Who preordained all things, it is also He Who Created all things.
He says,
"Verily, We have created everything with Divine Preordainment."4
He also says,
“Allaah is the Creator of all things.”5
He created men in order to worship Him and made that clear to them. He
commanded them to obey Him, forbidden them from disobeying Him and made
that clear to them. He gave them power and will by which they could carry out
the Commandments of Allaah and get reward; and by which they could
perpetrate acts of disobedience, and get punished.
If man believes in the Divine Preordainment, he will achieve the following:
1. He will depend on Allaah while making use of the means; for he knows
that the means and its causes are all by Divine Pre-decree of Allaah.
2. Peace of mind and tranquillity; for when he knows that it is Allaah Who
gives that and that the preordained detestable thing shall happen no matter
what, he will have rest of mind and he will be pleased with the decision of
Allaah. There will not be anyone who will be more pleased and have more
peace of mind than him Who believes in Divine Preordainment.
3. He will not be arrogant when he attains what he aims; for he will know
that the attainment of that blessing is from Allaah through the means of good
and success He has pre-decreed. He will therefore thank Allaah for that.
4. He will not be sad or distressed when the desired goal is missed or when
the unwanted happens; because of his knowledge that it happens through
irresistible Decree of Allaah. For no one can resist His Command or appeal His
judgement. What he has pre-decreed will inevitably happen. He will therefore
be patient and get the reward thereof from Allaah. Allaah says,
“No calamity befalls on earth or in yourselves, but it is inscribed in the Book of
Decrees before We bring it into existence. Verily, that is easy for Allaah. In
order that you may not grieve at the things that you fail to get, nor rejoice
over that which has been given to you. And Allaah likes not prideful boasters.”6
1
Yaa seen 36:12.
2
Al-Hajj 22:70.
3
Yaa seen 36:82.
4
Al-Qamar 54:49.
5
Az-Zumar 39:62.
82

5. Complete dependence on Allaah. For the Muslim knows that, it is only
Allaah Who has the power to cause benefit or harm. He will then not fear any
powerful person because of his power and will not hesitate to do good deeds
out of fear of any man. The Prophet told Ibn Abbaas: “Know that if all mankind
are unanimous on benefiting you, they cannot benefit you with anything except
with that which Allaah has predecreed for you. If they are also unanimous on
harming you, they cannot harm you except with that which Allaah has
predecreed for you.”1
6
Al-Hadeed 57:22-23. See: Al-Aqeedah as-saheehah p. 19; Aqeedah ahlisunnah wal jamaa‘ah p. 39 and Deenul Haqq
p. 18.
1
Ahmad and At-Tirmidhee.
83

THE THIRD DEGREE
The third degree is “Ihsaan” (utmost sincerity and perfection in acts of
worship). It implies which means that you worship Allaah as if you are seeing
Him, and if you do not see Him, He sees you. One must worship his Lord with
this quality. That is, to bear it in mind that Allaah is close to him; that he is
standing before his Lord. This condition makes man have awe, fear and great
honour for Allaah. It makes man sincere in acts of worship and gives him
courage to strive more towards its perfection.
The slave is conscious of his Lord while observing act of worship and reminds
himself of His nearness to him as if he is seeing Him. If he cannot do that, let
him be conscious of the fact that Allaah sees him and knows his secret and
public affairs, and that nothing is hidden from Him.1
The slave that has reached this stage worships his Lord sincerely, not looking
to others besides Him. He neither expects people’s praise nor fears their
blame; for it is enough for him that his Lord is pleased with him and praises
him. This is a man whose public and private deeds are the same. He worships
his Lord in private and public with certain faith that Allaah knows all that is in
his heart and goes on in his mind. The faith has overpowered his heart and the
consciousness of his Lord is manifest on him; his limbs then surrender to
Allaah; for he will not use them except in what pleases Allaah and in that which
He loves and in submission to Him.
Since his heart has been attached to his Lord, he will not seek help from any
creature, for Allaah suffices him; he will not complain to any man, for he has
approached Allaah with his needs and enough is He as a Helper. He does not
feel lonely in any place nor does he fear anyone, for he knows that Allaah is
with him in all his conditions. He is enough for him and He is the Best Helper.
He will not abandon any order that Allaah commands him to carry out and will
not perpetrate any sin, for he is ashamed before Him and hates that He finds
him wanting in what He Commands him to do or finds him where he forbids
him. He will neither oppress nor wrong anyone or take anyone's right for he
knows that Allaah is seeing him, and that He shall call him to account for all his
deeds.
He will not cause mischief in the land; for he knows that all good things that
are in the earth are properties of Allaah which He subjects for His Creation. He
will take of these good things according to his needs and thank his Lord for
facilitating them for him.
All that I have told you and presented to you in this booklet are only important
matters and great pillars in Islaam. Whoever believes in these fundamentals
and acts by them has become a Muslim. If not, Islaam – as I have told you – is
both religion and worldly; a worship and a way of life. It is the comprehensive
and perfect Divine Order that encompasses in its ordainments all that the
individual and the society need in all aspects of their religious, political,
economical, social and security life. Man will find therein principles,
fundamentals and rules that regulate peace and war and binding duties; and
preserves the dignity of man, bird, animals and the environment that
surrounds him. They also explain to him the reality of man, the life and the
death; and the Resurrection after death. He also finds in Islaam the best
methodology of relating with people around him; such as the saying of Allaah,
1
Jaamiul ‘uloom wal-Hikam p. 128.
84

“And speak good to people”1
And His saying,
“And those who pardon men.”2
And His saying,
“And let not the enmity and hatred of others make you avoid justice. Be just;
that is nearer to piety.”3
After we have discussed the degrees of this religion and the fundamentals of
each degree, it is appropriate that we discuss briefly the beauties of Islaam.
1
Al-Baqarah 2:83.
2
Aal ‘Imraan 3:134.
3
Al-Maaidah 5:8.
85

SOME BEAUTIES OF ISLAAM1
The beauties of Islaam are beyond what pens can fully write and enough
expressions cannot be found to describe the virtues of this religion; because it
is the religion of Allaah. Just as the eye cannot encompass the perception of
Allaah and man cannot encompass His Reality on Knowledge, so can the pen
not encompass His Law in description. Ibn Al-Qayyim said, “If you reflect on
the dazzling wisdom in this Upright Religion, this pure faith and the Law
enacted for mankind, which no expression can perfectly describe, whose
description cannot be perfected, the likeness of which the wisdom of the wise
cannot propose – even if all wise men are to be as perfectly wise as the wisest
one among them, whose beauty and virtues are perceived and attested to by
the perfect and honourable intelligence, that the world had not known a law
better and greater than it even if the Messenger of Allaah had not brought any
proof in support of it, all that would have been enough an evidence that it is
from Allaah. Every aspect of this religion shows perfect knowledge, perfect
wisdom, expansiveness of mercy, righteousness and kindness, absolute
inclusion of all that is hidden and manifest and the knowledge about the
beginnings and ends. It also shows that it is one of the greatest favours that
Allaah has bestowed on His slaves, for He bestows not on them a favour
greater than the fact that He guided them to this religion, made them its
adherents and chosen it for them. Hence, He reminds His slaves of the fact
that He guided them to it. He says,
“Indeed, Allaah conferred a great favour on the believers when He sent among
them a Messenger (Muhammad) from among themselves reciting unto them
His Verses (the Qur’aan), purifying them and instructing them in the Book and
the wisdom ( the Sunnah) while before that they had been in manifest error.”2
He also says, making Himself known to His slaves and reminding them of His
great favour on them, calling them to thank Him for making them among its
adherents,
“This day, I have perfected your religion for you.”3
”
It is therefore part of showing gratitude to Allaah on this religion, to mention
some of its beauties:
1. That it is the religion of Allaah which He has chosen for Himself, sent
with His Messengers and by which He allowed His slaves to worship Him. His
religion is not comparable to human statutes and man-made religions. As
Allaah possesses the quality of absolute perfection, so does His religion has an
absolute perfection in providing ordainments that reform the worldly and
eternal life of mankind; encompasses the rights of the Creator and obligations
of His slaves towards Him; obligations of one towards another and the rights of
each one of them upon another.
2. Comprehensiveness: One of the most prominent beauties of this religion is
its comprehensiveness for everything. Allaah says,
“We have neglected nothing in the Book.”4
1
For more detail on this section, read Ad-Durratul mukhtasarah fee mahaasiniddeenil Islaamee, by Shaykh Abdur-
Rahmaan As-Sa‘dee; and Mahaasinul Islaam, by Shaykh Abdul Azeez As-Salmaan.
2
Aal ‘Imraan 3:164.
3
Al-Maaidah 5:3, See: Miftaahu daaris Sa‘aadah V. 1, p. 374-375.
4
Al-An‘aam 6:38.
86

This religion encompasses all that has to do with the Creator like His Names,
Attributes and rights; and all that has to do with the creatures like laws,
obligations, manners and relationship. This religion also encompasses the
stories of former and latter generation, stories of angels, Prophets and
Messengers. It tells about the heaven, the earth, the orbits, the planets, seas,
trees and the universe. It mentions the goal and aim of creation and its end;
talks about Paradise and the final abode of the believers and Fire and the final
abode of disbelievers.
3. It establishes a connection between the Creator and the creation: Every
false religion and creed has the character of linking man with another man that
is prone to death, weakness, incapacity and diseases. Some even link man to a
person who has died since hundreds of years ago and had become mere bones
and dust. Islaam, on the other hand, has the quality of linking man to his
Creator directly; with no priest nor reverend and no holy secret. If this direct
connection between the Creator and the created; a connection that links the
heart with its Lord and it thereby gets light, guidance and loftiness; seeks for
perfection; and deems itself high above insignificant and debased things. For
every heart that has no link with its Lord is more erroneous than animals.
It is a communication between the Creator and the creature by which he knows
the wish of his Creator and then worship Him with the knowledge, and gets to
know things that please Him and seek for that, and things that annoys Him and
shun them. It is a communication between the All-Mighty Creator and the weak
and destitute creature, that enables him seek for aid, assistance and success
from Him, and ask Him for protection against evil planners and evil deeds of
devils.
4. It caters for benefits of this world and the Hereafter. The Islaamic Law is
based on protection of the benefits of this world and the Hereafter and on
perfection of good morals. As for the explanation of the benefits of the
Hereafter, the religion of Islaam has explained all that and left nothing of it
untaken care of. It explains it in detail so that nothing of it may be unknown.
Islaam promises the bliss in the Hereafter and warns against its torment.
Concerning the benefits of this world, Allaah ordained in this religion what can
protect for man his religion, life, property, posterity, dignity and intelligence.
Concerning honourable conducts, Islaam enjoins that overtly and covertly and
forbids debasing manners. Among the apparent noble conducts that Islaam
enjoins are cleanliness and purification from all kinds of impurities and dirt.
Islaam recommends using of perfume and outward adornment; it forbids filthy
behaviours like adultery and fornication, consuming alcohol; eating dead
animals, blood and pork flesh, and enjoins eating of lawful good things. It also
prohibits wastefulness and extravagance.
As for inner purification, Islaam prohibits undesirable conducts and encourages
commendable ones. Among the forbidden manners are: lies, obscenity, anger,
jealousy, stinginess, debasing oneself, love of prestige and this world,
arrogance, haughtiness and hypocrisy. Among the commended behaviours are:
good conduct, good companionship to all people and being kind to them,
justice and fairness, humility, truthfulness, magnanimity, generosity,
dependence on Allaah, sincerity in acts of worship, fear of Allaah, patience and
showing gratitude.1
5. Easiness: Easiness is one of the unique qualities of this religion. In every
ritual is easiness and in every act of worship is easiness. Allaah says,
1
See: Al-'I'laam bimaa fee deenin-nasaaraa minal fasaad wal-awhaam, by Al-Qurtubee p. 442-445.
87

"He has not laid upon you in religion any hardship"1
The first easiness in Islaam is that; anyone who wants to become a Muslim
does not need a human intermediary or a confession of past sins. He only
needs to cleanse himself and utter the statement: I testify that there is no
deity worthy of worship except Allaah and I testify that Muhammad is the
Messenger of Allaah; and to believe in the meanings of this statement and act
by its implications.
Further, every worship in Islaam is characterised by easiness and alleviation. If
a man travels or is sick, the reward of the deed that he used to do when he
was at home or healthy will continue to be recorded to his credit. The whole life
of the Muslim is easy and filled with tranquillity, while the life of a disbeliever is
conversely filled with hardship and toil. Also, the death of a Muslim is easy
where his soul comes out of his body as a drop of water comes out of a vessel.
Allaah says,
"Those whose lives the angels take while they are pious saying (to them):
peace be on you, enter Paradise because of that (the good) which you used to
do (in the world)."2
As for the disbeliever, the stern and harsh angels will be present at his death
beating him with lashes. Allaah says about the disbeliever,
"And if you could but see when the wrong-doers are in the agonies of death,
while the angels are stretching forth their hands (saying): Deliver your soul,
this day, you shall be recompensed with the torment of degradation because of
what you used to utter against Allaah other than the truth. And you used to
reject His revelations with disrespect."3
He also says,
"And if you could see when the angels take away the souls of those who
disbelieve (at death); they smite their faces and their backs (saying): Taste
the punishment of the blazing Fire."4
6. Justice: The one who ordains the Islaamic injunctions is Allah alone. He
is the Creator of all people: black and white, male and female. Men are equal
before His judgement, justice and mercy. He ordains rules that suits each of
the male and female. It then becomes impossible that the Law of Islaam
favours male at the expense of female or gives female preference and do
injustice to male. Islaam also does not endow white man with qualities and
deny that to the black man. All are equal before the Laws of Allaah and no
difference between them except by piety.
7. Enjoining all that is good and forbidding all that is evil: The religion of
Islaam has noble characteristics, which is enjoining all that is good and
forbidding all that is evil. This duty is incumbent on every male or female
Muslim who is an adult, sane and able to enjoin and forbid according to his or
1
Al-Hajj 22:78
2
An-Nahl 16:32.
3
Al-An'aam 6:93.
4
Al-Anfaal 8:50.
88

her ability and according to the degrees of the enjoining and prohibition. He or
she should command or forbid with hand, if not able to do so then with the
tongue and if not able then with the heart. By this all members of the Muslim
community will be supervisors in the community.
Every individual should command whoever is negligent to do good deed, and
forbid whoever does wrong to desist, be he either a ruler or ruled; each
according to his ability and in accordance with Islamic regulations that control
this matter.
This matter – as you can see – is compulsory upon individual according to his
ability. Compare this to what the contemporary political orders proudly claim
that they give opportunity to opposition parties to monitor the government
activities and carry out official functions.
These are some of the beauties of Islaam. Had I wanted to go into details, I
would have stopped at every rite, every obligation, every commandment and
every prohibition in order to explain the extensive wisdom, decisive
ordainment, impressive, unique and matchless perfection that lie therein.
Whoever ponders over the ordainments of this religion, he will know with
certainty that it is from Allaah and that it is the truth that is free of any doubt
and a guidance from error. If you therefore want to go back to Allaah, to follow
His Law and to follow the path of His Prophets and Messengers, the door of
repentance is open before you and your Lord is Oft-Forgiving, Most –Merciful.
He calls you in order to forgive you.
89

REPENTANCE
The Messenger of Allaah said, "All children of Adam do commit sins and the
best of the sinners are those who repent."1
Man by nature is weak; he is weak in his aim and resolution and is unable to
bear the consequences of his sins and misdeeds. So Allaah out of kindness,
makes matters easy for man and He prescribed for him repentance.
The essence of repentance is to abandon the sin because of its ugliness – out
of fear for Allaah– and out of desire for His Mercy; to regret over what one has
done, to determine not to go back to the sin again and to spend whatever is
left of one's life in good deeds.2
As you can see, repentance is a deed of the
heart that is pure between the slave and his Lord. It is neither a hard nor
difficult job for him; it is just a deed of the heart, to abandon the sin, and not
to go back to it. There are, in abstention from all that Allaah forbid, well-being
and peace of mind.3
You do not need to repent at the hand of a man who will reveal your secret and
manipulate your weakness. It is only a communication between you and your
Lord; you seek His forgiveness and guidance and He forgives you. There is
nothing like inherited sin in Islaam, nor is there anything like an expected
mankind saviour. Islaam, is as discovered by the Austrian Jewish revert to
Islaam, Muhammad Asad who said, "I could not find it anywhere in the Qur'aan
any mention of man's need for salvation. In Islaam, there is no concept of the
first inherited sin that stand between man and his fate, because 'Man can have
nothing but what he does (good or bad).'4
Islaam does not require from man to
present a sacrifice or kill himself in order to have the door of repentance
opened for him and to be saved from sins."5
Allaah says,
"No burdened person (with sins) shall bear the burden (sins) of another."6
Repentance has great benefits and impacts, some of which are:
1. It makes man know expansiveness of Allaah's forbearance, and
magnanimity in concealing his misdeeds. Had He willed, He would have
hastened to punish him and disgraced him in front of people so that he would
not be able to live comfortably with them. But Allaah honoured him by
concealing for him his sins, covered him by His forbearance and endowed him
with energy, provision and sustenance.
2. It lets him know his real self, that it is inclined to evil and that whatever
comes from it of sins, misdeeds or negligence is an indication from forbidden
desires, and that, it cannot dispense of Allaah – for even a twinkle of an eye –
for its purification and guidance.
3. Allaah prescribes repentance in order to seek with it the greatest causes
of happiness for man, which is creating refuge with Allaah and seeking His
assistance; and also to bring about different kinds of supplication; showing
one's submission, helplessness to Allaah, showing one's love to Allaah, one's
1
Ahmad, At-Tirmidhee and Ibn Maajah.
2
Al-Mufradaat fee ghareebil Qur'aan, p. 76, quoted freely.
3
Al-Fawaaid by Ibn Al-Qayyim.
4
An-Najm 53:39.
5
Road to Islaam by Muhammad Asad p. 140.
6
An-Najm 53:38
90

fear of and hope in Him; then the soul moves closer to its Creator in a special
way which will not occur to it without repentance and escaping to Allaah.
4. It makes Allaah forgive him his past sins. Allaah says,
"Say (O Muhammad) to those who have disbelieved, if they cease (from
disbelief) their past will be forgiven."1
5. It makes one's evil deeds turned to good ones. Allaah says,
"Except those who repent and believe and do righteous deeds; for those,
Allaah will change their sins into good deeds, and Allaah is Oft-forgiving, Most-
Merciful."2
6. It enables him treat his fellow human beings when they do evil to him as
he will love Allaah to treat him as regards his own misdeeds and sins; for
recompense is in accordance with the type of deed. So, if he treats people in
this good manner, he will also be treated by Allaah in the like manner and
Allaah will be kind to him regardless of his evil deeds and sins, just as he does
with his fellow human beings.
7. It enables him to know that he is full of faults and defects; this will make
him refrain from speaking about the faults of other people and will be
preoccupied with reforming his own self instead of thinking about the faults of
others.3
I would like to conclude this section with the story of a man who came to the
Prophet and said, "O Messenger of Allaah! I have not left any small or big sin
but I had committed it."
The Messenger of Allaah said, "Don't you testify that there is no other deity
worthy of worship except Allaah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of
Allaah?"
He asked him this question three times and the man answered each time,
"Yes."
He then said, "your testimony has erased all that (you have committed of
sins)"4
In another narration, the man came to the Prophet and said, "Tell me! If a man
committed all sins but has not associated anything in worship with Allaah, and
yet did not leave any small or big sin uncommitted, can his repentance be
accepted?"
The Prophet asked the man, "have you embraced Islaam?"
The man answered, "As for me, I testify that there is no deity worthy of
worship except Allaah, that He is One and has no partner and that you are the
Messenger of Allaah."
The Prophet said, "Yes! Do good deeds and refrain from evil ones, so that
Allaah may turn all those evil deeds to good ones for you."
1
Al-Anfaal 8:38.
2
Al-Furqaan 25:70.
3
Muftaahu daaris-sa'aadah, Vol. 1, p. 358-370.
4
Reported by Aboo Ya'laa; At-Tabaraanee; and Al-Maqdisee.
91

The man said, "Even my acts of treachery and my sins?!"
The Prophet said, "Yes."
The man said, "Allaahu Akbar (Allaah is the Most-Great) and he kept on saying
that until he disappeared."1
Islaam therefore erases whatever sin one might have
committed and sincere repentance also erases whatever sin
one might have committed as authentically reported from
the Prophet.
1
Ibn Abee 'Aasim; At-Tabaraanee and Al-Bazzaar.
92

THE END OF ONE WHO DOES NOT ADHERE TO ISLAAM
As it has been made clear to you in this book that Islaam is the religion of
Allaah, that it is the true religion, that it was the one preached by all Prophets
and Messengers; Allaah has prepared great reward in this world and the
Hereafter for whoever believes in it and threatened whoever disbelieves in it
with severe torment.
Since Allaah is the Creator, the Possessor and Disposer of all this universe, and
you, man, are just one of His creatures; He created you, and subjected to you
all that is the universe, ordained His Law for you and commands you to obey
Him. If you therefore believe, obeys His Commandment and abstain from all
that He forbids you, you will attain what He promises you of the everlasting
bliss in the Hereafter and you will be happy in this world with all that He will
endow on you of all kinds of favours; you will then be like the wisest men and
the purest of them in soul; the Prophets, Messengers, righteous people and the
favoured angels.
But if you disbelieve, and disobey your Lord; you will lose your worldly life and
your Hereafter and expose yourself to His wrath and punishment in this world
and the Hereafter. You will then be like the most wicked of all creatures, the
most defective in intelligence and the most debased in mind: the devils,
corrupt people and false deities and transgressors, just to mention a few.
Let me now tell you something of the consequences of disbelief in detail:
1. Fear and lack of security: Allaah promises complete security in this world
and the Hereafter for those who believe in Him and follow His Messengers. He
says,
"Those who believe and confuse not their belief with wrong, for them there is
security and they are the guided."1
Allaah is the Giver of security, the Watcher over His creatures, the Possessor of
all that is in the universe. If He loves a slave of His because of his belief, He
gives him security, tranquillity and peace, but if a slave of His disbelieves in
Him, He withdraws tranquillity and security from him and you will not see such
a person but afraid of his fate in the Hereafter, afraid for his own self from
calamities and diseases and afraid for his future in this world. That is why the
insurance market insures lives and properties for lack of security and lack of
having trust in Allaah.
2. Difficult life: Allaah created man, subjected to him all that is in the
universe and portion out for every creature his share of sustenance and
lifespan. Hence you see the bird going out of its nest to look for its provision
and then picks it. It moves from a branch of the tree to another and sings in
most melodious tone. Man is also one of these creatures for whom Allaah has
portioned out his provision and lifespan. If he therefore believes in his Lord and
stands firm on His Law, Allaah will give him happiness and stability and He will
make his matters easy for him, even if he does not possess more than the
least means of livelihood.
1
Al-An'aam 6:82.
93

If he however disbelieves in his Lord and feels too big to worship Him, He will
make his life straitened and make him suffer from sorrow and distress even if
he has all means of comfort and enjoyment at his disposal. Don't you see the
great numbers of suicide victims in countries in which all means of affluence
are guaranteed for their citizens? Don’t you see all kinds of furniture and mats
used for the enjoyment of this life? The cause of all this extravagance is the
vacuity of the heart from faith, feeling of constraint and hardship and an
attempt to dismiss all these worries with all different means. Allaah says the
truth in His Word,
"But whoever turns away from My Reminder, verily, for him is a life of hardship
and We shall raise him up blind on the Day of Resurrection."1
3. He will live in continuous war with his own soul and with the world
around him.
This is because, his soul is created upon Islaamic Monotheism. Allaah says,
"Such is the way of Allaah upon which He created mankind."
His body surrenders to its Lord and moves according to His order, but the
disbeliever insists on going against his own nature, and lives his voluntary life
in rebellion against his Lord. Although his body surrenders to the will of the
Creator, his own voluntary will is in opposition.
He will be in constant war with the world around him in the sense that, all this
universe right from its greatest galaxy to its smallest insect, moves according
to the way which Allaah has ordained for it. Allaah says,
"Then He (Allaah) rose over towards the heaven when it was smoke and said
to it and to the earth: 'Come both of you willingly or unwillingly,' They both
said: 'We come willingly.' "2
The universe loves him who agrees with it in submission to Allaah and hates
him who opposes it. The disbeliever is the recalcitrant in this universe for he
makes himself an opponent to his Lord and contender with Him, that is why it
is appropriate for the heavens and the earth and all other creatures to hate
him and his disbelief and atheism. Allaah says,
"And they say: 'The Most Gracious (Allaah) has begotten a son.' Indeed, you
have brought forth (said) the terrible thing, whereby the heavens are almost
torn, and the earth is split asunder, and the mountains fall in ruins, that they
ascribe a son to the Most-Gracious. But it is not suitable for (the majesty) of
the Most-Gracious that He should beget a son. There is none in the heavens
and the earth but comes unto Most Gracious as a slave."3
He says about Pharaoh and his hosts,
"And the heavens and the earth wept not for them, nor were they given a
respite."4
1
Taa Haa 20:124.
2
Fussilat 41:11.
3
Maryam 19:88-93.
4
Ad-Dukhaan 44:29.
94

4. Living a life of ignorance:
For disbelief is ignorance, rather the greatest ignorance; because the
disbeliever is ignorant of his Lord. He sees this universe that was created by
his Lord in the most wonderful way , he sees in himself the greatness of
Allaah's deed and yet he is ignorant of the Creator of this universe and the
Constructor of his own self; is this not the greatest ignorance?
5. Living a life of one who wrongs himself and all that is around him:
This is because, he subjected his own self for purposes other than that for
which he was created. He does not worship his Lord but worship others.
Injustice is to put a thing in a place to which it does not belong; and which
type of injustice is greater than directing acts of worship to those who do not
deserve them. Luqmaan has told his son while explaining the awfulness of
polytheism,
"O my son! Join not in worship others with Allaah. Verily, joining others in
worship with Allaah is a great wrong indeed."1
It is also injustice for the people and other creatures around him; because he
does not acknowledge the right of Him to Whom right is due. On the Day of
Resurrection, every man or animal he has wronged will stand before him
asking Allaah to avenge for him.
6. He exposes himself to the wrath of Allaah:
He exposes himself to the calamities and afflictions as immediate punishment
for his disbelief. Allaah says,
"Do then those who devise evil plots feel secure that Allah will not sink them
into the earth, or that the torment will not seize them from directions they
perceive not? Or that He may catch them in the midst of their going to and
from (in their jobs) so that there be no escape for them (from Allaah's
punishment)? Or that He may catch them through gradual diminishing (of the
wealth and health). Truly, your Lord is indeed Full of Kindness, Most-Merciful."2
He also says,
"And a disaster will not cease to strike those who disbelieved because of their
(evil)deeds or it settles close their homes, until the Promise of Allaah comes to
pass. Certainly, Allaah breaks not His Promise."3
He says in another verse,
"Or did the people of the towns then feel secure against the coming of Our
punishment in the forenoon while they were playing?"4
This is the fate of every man who turns away from Remembrance of Allaah.
Allaah tells us of the punishments of past nations who were disbelievers,
"So We punished each (of them) for his sins; of them are some of whom We
sent a violent wind, and of them were those who were overtaken by torment –
1
Luqmaan 31:13.
2
An-Nahl 16:45-47.
3
Ar-Ra'd 13:31.
4
Al-A'raaf 7:98.
95

awful cry, and of them were some of whom We caused the earth to swallow
and of them were some whom We drowned. It was not Allaah Who wronged
them, but they wronged themselves."1
7. Failure and loss will be his lot: Because of his wrong, he looses the
greatest thing with which the hearts and souls enjoy, which is knowing Allaah,
meditating in Him and feeling tranquillity with Him. He also looses the world,
for he lives there a wretched and confused life and he looses his own soul for
which he amasses the wealth of this world; for he subjects it for a purpose
different from that which it was created for. He thereby does not attain with it
happiness in this world, for he makes it lived in misery and caused it to die in
misery and it shall be raised up among the miserable. Allaah says,
"As for those whose scale will be light, they are those who will loose their own
selves."2
He will also loose his family, for he lived with them on disbelief in Allaah and
they will also be like him in misery and hardship and their fate will be Fire.
Allaah says,
"The losers are those will loose themselves and their families on the Day of
Resurrection."3
On the Day of Resurrection, they will be led to Fire, and evil is it as a resting
place. Allaah says,
"(It will be said to the angels): 'Assemble those who did wrong, together with
their spouses and what they used to worship instead of Allaah and lead them
on to the way of Flaming Fire.' "4
8. He will live as a disbeliever in his Lord and a denier of His blessings: For
Allaah created him from nothing and showered on him favours, how can he
then worship, befriend and thank others besides Him? Which ingratitude is
greater and more heinous than this?
9. He will be denied real and purposeful life: This is because the man who
deserves life is the one who believes in his Lord, knows his goal, recognizes his
fate and is certain of his resurrection. He thereby gives right to whom it is due.
He does not suppress truth nor harm a creature. He then lives the life of happy
people and attains good life in this world and the Hereafter. Allaah says,
"Whoever works righteousness – whether male or female while he (or she) is a
true believer, verily, to him (or her) We will give a good life."5
And in the Hereafter, his reward will be,
"Pleasant dwellings in Eden Paradise; that is indeed, the great success."6
But whoever lives in this world like animals, such does not know his Lord or his
goal and fate. His only aim is to eat, drink and sleep. What then is the
difference between him and other animals? He is even in greater error than
animals. Allaah says,
1
Al-Ankaboot 40:9.
2
Al-A'raaf 7:9.
3
Az-Zumar 39:15, Shooraa 42:45.
4
As-Saaffaat 37:22-23.
5
An-Nahl 16:97.
6
As-Saff 61:12.
96

"And surely, We have created many of the jinn and mankind for Hell. They
have hearts wherewith they understand not, and they have eyes wherewith
they see not, and they have ears wherewith they hear not (the truth). They
are like cattle, nay even more astray; Those! They are the heedless ones."1
He also says,
"Or do you think that most of them hear or understand? They are only like
cattle – nay, they are even further astray from the path."2
10. He abides forever in the torment: This is because the disbeliever moves
from a torment to another. He goes out of this world – after he has tasted all
its agonies and afflictions – to the Hereafter. In the first stage of the Hereafter,
the angels of death come upon him and before them come the angels of
torment who will give him his deserved punishment. Allaah says,
"And if you could see when the angels take away the souls of those who
disbelieve (at death); they smite their faces and their backs."3
Then his soul departs and when he is put in the grave , he meets a greater
torment. Allaah says about the People of Pharaoh,
"They are exposed to Fire, morning and afternoon and on the Day when the
Hour will be established, (it will be said to the angels): 'Make Pharaoh people
enter the severest torment' "4
On the Day of Resurrection, when the creatures are raised up and the deeds
are exposed and the disbeliever sees that Allaah has accurately enumerated all
his deeds in that book about which He says,
"And the book of record will be placed and you will see the sinners
(disbelievers) fearful of that which is (recorded) therein. They will say: 'Woe to
us! What sort of book is this that leaves neither small thing nor a big thing but
has recorded it with numbers!' "5
Here, the disbeliever will wish to be dust. Allaah says,
"The Day when man will see that (the deeds) which his hands have sent forth,
and the disbeliever will say: 'Woe to me! Would that I were dust.' "6
Because of the horror of that Day, man will wish that he owns all that is in the
earth, so that he can ransom himself with it from the torment of that Day.
"And those who did wrong; if they had all that is in the earth and therewith as
much again, they verily would offer it to ransom themselves therewith on the
Day of Resurrection from the evil torment."7
Allaah also says,
1
Al-A'raaf 7:179.
2
Al-Furqaan 25:44.
3
Al-Anfaal 8:50.
4
Ghaafir 40:46.
5
Al-Ka'f 18:49.
6
An-Naba 78:40.
7
Az-Zumar 39:47.
97

"The sinner would desire to ransom himself from the punishment of that Day
by his children; and his wife and his brother and his kindred who sheltered
him, and all that are in the earth, so that it might save him."1
For, that abode is that of recompense and not of wishful thinking. Man must
therefore, get a reward for his deed; if it is good he gets good reward and if it
is evil, he gets rewarded with punishment. And the worst punishment that a
disbeliever may meet on the Day of Resurrection is that of Fire in which Allaah
has provided different kinds of retribution for its dwellers so that they can taste
the torment of their deeds. Allaah says,
"This is the Hell which the sinners (disbelievers) denied. They will go between
it and the fierce boiling water."2
He also informs us of the garments of the dwellers of Hell,
"As for those who disbelieved, garments of fire will be cut out for them, boiling
water will be poured down over their heads. With it will melt (or vanish away)
what is within their bellies as well as their skins; and for them are hooked rods
of iron."3
1
Al-Ma'aarij 70:11-14.
2
Ar-Rahmaan 55:43-44.
3
Al-Hajj 22:19-21.
98

THE END
O man! You were before a non-existent. Allaah says,
"Does not man remember that We created him before while he was nothing?"1
Then He created you from a mixture of male and female discharge and made
you hearing, seeing. Allaah says,
"Has there not been over man a period of time, when he was not a thing worth
mentioning? Verily, We have created man from drop of mixed sexual discharge
of man and woman in order to try him; so We made him hearer and seer."2
Then you moved gradually from a state of weakness to strength and you shall
be returned to a state of weakness again. Allaah says,
"Allaah is He Who created you, in (a state of) weakness, then gave you
strength after weakness, then after strength gave (you) weakness and grey
hair. He created what He will and it is He Who is the All-Knowing, the All-
Powerful"3
Then the end is death and you, through these stages, move from weakness to
weakness; you cannot avert evil from yourself nor can you bring about benefit
for yourself except by using that strength and provision that Allaah gave you.
You are by nature poor and needy. Many are the things that you need to
remain alive which you do not possess or which you sometimes have and
sometime are deprived of. Many are also those things that are useful to you
and you would like to have and which you achieve sometimes and do not
achieve other times. Many are things that harm you, ditch your hope, waste
your efforts and bring on you tribulations and calamity which you would like to
avert; and which you sometimes succeed in averting and which you fail
sometimes to avert. In view of this, do you not feel your helplessness and your
need to Allaah? Allaah says,
"O you people! It is you who stand in need of Allaah. But Allaah is Rich (free of
all needs) Worthy of all praise."4
You are exposed to a weak virus which you cannot see with your naked eyes,
and that causes you painful disease which you cannot prevent and you then go
to a weak human being like yourself to treat you. Sometimes, the medicine
works and sometimes the doctor fails to cure you and both you and your
doctor then become confused.
O man! What a weak creature you are when the fly snatches something from
you and you cannot take back from it! Allaah says the truth when He says,
"O mankind! A similitude has been coined, so listen to it: Verily, those on
whom you call besides Allaah cannot create (even) a fly, even though they
combine together for the purpose. And if the fly snatches away a thin from
1
Maryam 19:67.
2
Al-Insaan 77:1-2.
3
Ar-Room 30:54.
4
Faatir 35:15.
99

them, they will have no power to release it from the fly. So weak are (both)
the seeker and the sought."1
If you cannot take back what the fly snatches away from you, which then of
your affairs do you have control over? Your forelock is in the hand of Allaah, so
is your soul. Our heart is between two of His fingers which He turns round as
He wills. Your life, death, happiness and misery are all in His Hand.
Your undertakings and sayings are by the permission of Allaah and His Will.
You do not move except with His permission and you do not perform any act
except by His Will. If He leaves you to yourself, He leaves you to weakness,
negligence, sin and misdeed; and if He leaves you for others, He leaves you
with the one who cannot avail you of any benefit, harm, death, life or
resurrection. You cannot dispense of Allaah for a twinkle of an eye. You rather
need Him in every aspect as long as you live. You invite His wrath with sins
and disbelief though you seriously need Him in all aspects. You forgot Him
though, your return is to Him and it is in front of Him that you shall stand.2
O man! As a result of your weakness and your inability to shoulder the
consequences of your sins that "Allaah wishes to lighten (the burden) for you
and man was created weak."3
He sent Messengers, revealed Books, ordained
Laws, established the Straight Path before you and established signs, proofs
and evidences and made in everything a sign that shows His Oneness, Lordship
and His sole right to be worshipped. But inspite of all this, you block the truth
with falsehood, take Satan as a friend besides Allaah and argue with falsehood.
"Man is ever more quarrelsome than anything"4
Allaah's favours in which you move and enjoy have made you forget your
beginning and end! Don't you remember that you were created from a mixed
sexual discharge, that your return will be to a grave and that final destination
after Resurrection will either be Paradise or Fire? Allaah says,
"Does not man see that We have created him from a mixed drop of sexual
discharge, yet behold, he (stands forth) as an open opponent, and he puts for
Us forth a parable and forgets his own creation. He says: 'Who will give life to
the bones after they are rotten and have become dust?' Say (O Muhammad):
He will give life to them Who Created them for the first time! And He is the All-
Knower of every creation!"5
He also says,
"O man what has made you careless about your Lord, the Most-Generous?
Who created you, fashioned you perfectly and gave you due proportion. In
whatever form he willed, He put you together. "6
O man! Why are you denying yourself the joy of standing before your Lord,
meditating with Him, so that He can enrich you out of poverty, heal you from
your ailment, relieve you of your sorrow, forgive your sins, remove your harm,
help you when you are wronged, guide you when you are confused or go
astray, give you knowledge when you are ignorant, give you security when you
1
Al-Hajj 22:73.
2
From Al-Fawaaid by Ibn Al-Qayyim.
3
Al-Nisaa 4:28.
4
Al-Kahf 18:54.
5
Yaa seen 36:77-79.
6
Miftaah daaris-sa'aadah 1, p. 251.
100

are frightened, show mercy to you when you are weak, drive away your
enemies and provide for you your livelihood.1
O man! The greatest blessing that Allaah endowed man with after that of the
religion is the blessing of intelligence, so that he can distinguish with it
between what benefits him and what harms him, to understand the
commandments and prohibitions of Allaah and in order to know by it, the
greatest goal which is to worship Allaah alone Who has no partner. Allaah says,
"And whatever of blessings and good things you have, it is from Allaah, and
when harm touches you unto Him you cry aloud for help. Then when He has
removed the harm from you, behold, some of you associate others in worship
with their Lord."2
O you man! The wise person loves lofty matters and abhors debased ones. He
loves to emulate every righteous and magnanimous among the Prophets and
pious people and yearns to join them even if he cannot reach their status. The
only way to that is what Allaah directs us to when He says,
"If you (really) love Allaah, then follow me (Muhammad) Allaah will love you
and forgive you your sins."3
If man can do this, Allaah will make him join the rank of the Prophets, the
Messengers, the Martyrs and righteous people. Allaah says,
"And whosoever obeys Allaah and the Messenger (Muhammad), then they will
be in the company of those on whom Allaah has bestowed His Grace of the
Prophets, the Siddiqqeen, the Martyrs and the righteous. And how excellent
these companions are!"4
O you man! I advise you that you go into a seclusion with yourself and think
deeply of the truth that has come to you reflect over the proofs and evidences;
if you find it to be truth hasten to follow it and do not be a slave of customs
and traditions. Know that your own soul is dearer to you than your friends,
companions and heritage of your fore-fathers. Allaah has admonished the
disbelievers with this and called them to it. He says,
"I exhort you to one (thing) only; that you stand up for Allaah's sake in pairs
and singly and reflect. There is no madness in you companion (Muhammad).
He is only a warner to you in face of a severe torment."5
O man! When you accept Islaam, you stand to lose nothing. Allaah says,
"And what loss have they if they had believed in Allaah and the Last Day and
they spend out of what Allaah has given them for sustenance? And Allaah is
Ever All-Knower of them."6
Ibn Katheer said, "What would have harmed them had they believed in Allaah,
followed the praiseworthy way, believed in Allaah hoping for His promise in the
1
Miftaah daaris-sa'aadah 1, p. 251.
2
An-Nahl 16:53-54.
3
Aal 'Imraan 3:31.
4
An-Nisaa 4:46.
5
Saba 34:46.
6
An-Nisaa 4:39.
101

Hereafter for him who did good deeds and spent out of what He has given
them in ways which He loves and is pleased with? He knows their good and evil
intentions; he knows who deserved success among them so that He might give
him success and show him guidance and appoint him for good deeds with
which he is pleased. He also knows who deserves disgrace and expulsion from
His Divine Affection which whoever is expelled from the door of Allaah has
failed and lost in this world and the Hereafter."1
Your Islaam does not stand between you and anything that you want to do or
to have among the things that Allaah has made lawful for you. Rather, you will
be rewarded for any good deed you do in which you seek the pleasure of Allaah
even if that is in the interest of your worldly life or increases your wealth or
portion or fame. Even the lawful things that you use, when you make do with
only the lawful and abstain from unlawful, you will be rewarded for that. The
Messenger of Allaah said, "There is an act of charity in satiating your sexual
desire." The companions said, "O Messenger of Allaah! Will anyone of us
satiate his desire and still get reward for that?" He answered, "Tell me, if he
satiates it in an unlawful way, will he be committing a sin by that? Likewise, if
he satiates it in the lawful way, he will have reward for that."2
O man! The Messengers have brought the truth and conveyed the will of
Allaah, and man needs to know the Law of Allaah so as to live his life with sure
knowledge and to be among the successful in the Hereafter. Allaah says,
"O Mankind! Verily, there has come to you the Messenger (Muhammad) with
the truth from your Lord. So believe in him, it is better for you. But if you
disbelieve, then certainly to Allaah belongs all that is in heavens and in the
earth. And Allaah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise."3
He also says,
"Say (O Muhammad): O Mankind! Now truth has come to you from your Lord.
So whoever receives guidance, he does so for the good of his own self; and
whosoever goes astray, he does so to his own loss; and I am not (set) over
you as a disposer of affairs."4
O man! If you embrace Islaam, you benefit none but yourself, and if you
disbelieve you harm none but your own self. Allaah is in no need of His slaves.
Sin of the sinners does not harm Him nor does acts of obedience of the
obedient ones benefit Him. He is not disobeyed unless by His knowledge and
He is not obeyed except with His permission. Allaah says in what was reported
from Him by His Prophet, "O My Slaves! I have made injustice forbidden for
myself and I have also made it forbidden amongst you, so do not wrong one
another. O My slaves! You are all in error except him whom I guide so seek
guidance from Me, I will guide you. O May slaves! All of you are hungry except
whom I feed so seek food from Me, I will feed you. O My slaves! All of you are
naked except him who I clothe; so seek clothing from Me, I will clothe you! O
My slaves! You commit sins by day and night, but I forgive all sins. So seek
forgiveness from Me, I will forgive you. O My slaves! You can never be able to
harm Me; and you can never be able to benefit yourselves, let alone benefiting
Me. O My slaves! If the first and the last of you, and all the jinn and mankind
among you were to be as pious as the most pious one among you, that adds
nothing to My Kingdom. O My slaves! If the first and the last among you, and
all the jinn and mankind of you are to be as sinful as the most sinful one
1
See Ibn Katheer 1. 497.
2
Muslim.
3
An-Nisaa 4:70.
4
Yoonus 10:108.
102

amongst you, that decreases nothing from My Kingdom. O My slaves! If the
first of you and the last among you were to stand at one place and ask Me and
I grant to each and everyone his request, that decreases nothing from My
Kingdom except like what a thread reduces from the ocean when it is dipped
inside it and then withdrawn. O My slaves! These are only your deeds that I
enumerate accurately for you, and upon which I give you reward. So whoever
finds good reward, let him thank Allaah, but whoever finds anything else, let
him not blame but himself."1
All praise is due to Allaah, Lord of the worlds. May peace and blessings be upon
the noblest of all Prophets and Messengers. Our Prophet Muhammad, as well
as his household and companions together.
1
Reported by Muslim.
103

Islam its foundations and concepts

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