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Isolation and characterization, Culture Media & Harvesting of Algae
This document discusses methods for isolating and characterizing different types of algae. It describes various techniques for isolating algae from water samples or substrates using tools like nets, scrapers, and artificial surfaces. Algae can then be characterized through morphological analysis under microscopes, physiological tests of photosynthesis and growth, molecular analysis of DNA, biochemical profiling of pigments and metabolites, and ecological characterization of habitat preferences. A multi-faceted approach is needed to fully understand algal taxonomy, physiology, and environmental interactions.
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Isolation and characterization, Culture Media & Harvesting of Algae
- 1. Isolation and Characterizationof Algae; Culture Media & Harvesting Unit II VBT315
- 2. Introduction • Isolating differenttypes of algae in the laboratory involves adapting techniques based on their characteristics and habitat preferences.
- 3. Isolation Methods • WaterSampling: – Discuss the use of water sampling techniques, such as integrated water sampling and plankton net tows, for collecting algae from different water layers. • Periphyton and Benthic Algae Collection: – Explain methods like kick sampling, scraping, grab sampling, and core sampling for isolating periphytic and benthic algae associated with different substrates. • Artificial Substrates: – Highlight the deployment of artificial substrates to encourage the growth of specific algae, facilitating their isolation for study.
- 24. MICROSCOPIC VIEW OFALGAE
- 51. Characterization of Algae •Characterizing algae involves a multi-faceted approach that includes the analysis of various aspects such as morphology, physiology, genetics, and biochemical composition
- 52. 1. Morphological Characterization a.Light Microscopy: • Observe algae under a light microscope to study cell morphology, size, shape, and arrangement of chloroplasts. • Identify key morphological features for species determination. b. Electron Microscopy: • Use transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for detailed imaging of cellular ultrastructure. • Reveals information about cell organelles, cell wall structure, and surface characteristics.
- 53. 2. Physiological Characterization a.Photosynthetic Parameters: • Measure chlorophyll fluorescence to assess the photosynthetic efficiency of algae. • Determine photosynthetic rates under varying light and temperature conditions. b. Growth Rate Analysis: • Monitor the growth of algal cultures over time to assess their reproductive rates and response to different environmental conditions. c. Nutrient Utilization: • Analyze nutrient uptake and utilization by measuring nutrient concentrations in the growth medium over time
- 54. 3. Molecular Characterization a.Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): • Amplify specific DNA regions for the identification and classification of algae. • Use specific primers for targeting genes related to algae taxonomy. b. DNA Sequencing: • Sequence the amplified DNA to obtain the genetic code and compare it with databases for species identification. • Facilitates phylogenetic studies to understand evolutionary relationships.
- 55. 4. Biochemical Characterization a.Pigment Analysis: • Use spectrophotometry to quantify pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. • Provides insights into the adaptation strategies of algae to different light conditions. b. Metabolite Profiling: • Employ metabolomics techniques to analyze the complete set of metabolites produced by algae. • Reveals information about the biochemical composition and potential applications in various industries. c. Lipid Analysis: • Determine the lipid content of algae, particularly important for biofuel production. • Utilize techniques like gas chromatography (GC) or mass spectrometry (MS) for lipid profiling.
- 56. 5. Cytological Characterization a.Flow Cytometry: • Use flow cytometry to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of individual algal cells in a population. • Provides information on cell size, granularity, and fluorescence. b. Cell Counting: • Count algal cells using a hemocytometer or automated cell counter to assess population density and growth.
- 57. 6. Ecological Characterization a.Habitat Analysis: • Study the ecological preferences of algae by analyzing the physical and chemical characteristics of their natural habitats. b. Biotic Interactions: • Investigate the interactions between algae and other organisms in their environment, such as symbiotic relationships or allelopathy.
- 58. 7. Physicochemical Analysis a.Water Quality Analysis: • Assess water quality parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient levels to understand the environmental conditions supporting algal growth.
- 59.