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![What is it?
SPARQL
• A database can offer a SPARQL endpoint = can receive RDF queries
– Author [schema] Name [data label] De Groot, Gerard J., 1955 [data]
• “SPARQL allows users to write queries against data that can loosely be called "key-value" data,
more specifically it is data that follows the RDF specification of the W3C. The entire database is
thus a set of "subject-predicate-object" triples.”
• 1.1 Stable release 2013-03-21
– W3C recommendation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARQL
http://www.w3.org/blog/SW/2008/01/15/sparql
_is_a_recommendation/](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/it1920140721linkeddatapersonalperspective-140826102638-phpapp01/75/It19-20140721-linked-data-personal-perspective-8-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byJanifer Gatenby
It19 20140721 linked data personal perspective
The document discusses linked data as a method for expressing connections using globally recognized identifiers instead of mere text strings, enhancing data linkage and authority control. It highlights the principles of linked data, the promises of improved data display and usability, and the steps needed to implement it, including using SPARQL for query processing. Finally, it outlines the potential future implications for searching and data interaction in library contexts.
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It19 20140721 linked data personal perspective
- 1. LINKED DATA APERSONAL PERSPECTIVE Janifer Gatenby OCLC EMEA With acknowledgements to Richard Wallis and Anila Angjeli
- 2. LINKED DATA •What is it? • What does it promise? • How do we get there? • What happens when we get there?
- 3.
- 4. What is it? A WAY OF EXPRESSING A LINK • Not really a new way of linking but a new way of expressing a link It is about using canonical trusted globally referenceable identifiers for concepts, people, organisations, locations etc. instead of copying text strings and losing the connection with the authoritative sources they came from. Richard Wallis
- 5. What is it? MARC21 LINKS • 700 10 $a name $e role $0 authority control number – (added entry in a MARC record for a name related to a work, not the main author) These familiar links reference an authority record in the same database as a bibliographic record, hence have no address portion. Linked data extends the linking range.
- 6. What is it? EXTENDING THE LINKING RANGE: URI • URI – immutable address as well as an identifier – http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/nr89009099 – http://viaf.org/viaf /116774723 – http://isni.org/isni/000000114556841 9 NACO libraries – LC, National Agricultural Library, National Library of Medicine, British Library, NL Mexico, NLNZ, NL Scotland, NL South Africa, NL Wales
- 7. What is it? EXTENDING THE LINKING RANGE: RDF • RDF – metadata is expressed in triples – Data – Data label (properties) – Vocabulary from which the label comes (gives context to the label)
- 8. What is it? SPARQL • A database can offer a SPARQL endpoint = can receive RDF queries – Author [schema] Name [data label] De Groot, Gerard J., 1955 [data] • “SPARQL allows users to write queries against data that can loosely be called "key-value" data, more specifically it is data that follows the RDF specification of the W3C. The entire database is thus a set of "subject-predicate-object" triples.” • 1.1 Stable release 2013-03-21 – W3C recommendation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARQL http://www.w3.org/blog/SW/2008/01/15/sparql _is_a_recommendation/
- 9. What is it? LINKED DATA PRINCIPLES 1. Use URIs as names for things 2. Use HTTP URIs so people can look up those names 3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using the standards - RDF 4. Include links to other URIs, so that they can discover more Tim Berners-Lee - 2006
- 10. What is it? VOCABULARIES • Vocabularies are not schemas, they are lists of defined data labels (concepts) – Schema.org (Search engines) – BibFrame (Library community) – FOAF Friend of a friend – OWL same as • Vocabularies can be mixed foaf:name "Jimmy Wales" ; foaf:mbox <mailto:[email protected]> ; foaf:homepage <http://www.jimmywales.com/> ; foaf:nick "Jimbo" ;
- 11. WHAT DOES ITPROMISE?
- 12. What does itpromise? • Enriched displays without data maintenance • Better harvesting and ranking • because of markup • and because of links • Navigation to pages with additional information – – Example: from VIAF via ISNI to encyclopaedias, rights management societies (digitisation rights), Bowker – biographies from fly leaves
- 15. What does itpromise? INTERCONNECTING FRENCH CULTURAL HERITAGE TREASURES ON THE WEB Digital documents (DC) BnF Main catalogue (MARC) Web pages for Other BnF resources BnF Archives and Internet users Manuscripts catalogue (EAD) Raw data for machines Modeling Matching Clustering Alignments Semantic Web techniques External resources
- 16. What does itpromise? BnF persistent ID Imported from Wikipedia and integrated in the page
- 17. What does itpromise? Data can be downloaded Existing ones + others defined for the specific needs of the project Information about the data model (or ontology) at : http://data.bnf.fr/about-en
- 18. What does itpromise? BIG DATA AS RDF • Data is re-usable without a full blown conversion • Permits 3rd party analysis of big data sets • Data mining for new information
- 19. HOW DO WEGET THERE?
- 20. How do weget there? MAKING THE LINKS DNB CultureGraph – “It’s all about creating connections” – DDC to RVK (German classification) by comparing search results – GND (names) to German Wikipedia
- 21. How do weget there? EXAMPLE: VIAF • Ingesting data to compare and create links • Makes clusters; cluster identifier • Ingesting preferred to external linking – Wikipedia, ISNI, WorldCat identities – More data used for clustering, so more reliable • VIAFBot for making reciprocal links in Wikipedia / Wikidata <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person"/> <rdf:typedf:resource="http://rdvocab.info/uri/schema/FRBRentitiesRDA/Person"/> <foaf:name>De Groot, Gerard J., 1955-</foaf:name> <foaf:name>DeGroot, Gerard J., 1955-</foaf:name> <rdaGr2:dateOfBirth>1955-06-22</rdaGr2:dateOfBirth> <owl:sameAs rdf:resource="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12299846b#foaf:Person"/> <owl:sameAs rdf:resource="http://www.idref.fr/034977651/id"/> <owl:sameAs rdf:resource="http://d-nb.info/gnd/12422900X"/>
- 22. cross-domain bridging-domains Libraries Text Rights Trade Sources Music Rights Encyclopaedias Researchers & Professional Granting organisations Professional Societies Article databases Theses databases Archives and Museums
- 23. How do weget there? EXAMPLE: ISNI: 15 MILLION LINKS Linked Data: isni.org/isni/
- 24. How do weget there? LA TROBE UNIVERSITY LINKS: 3,427
- 25. How do weget there? LA TROBE UNIVERSITY: 1,864 VIAF LINKS
- 26. How do weget there? ISNI – A LINKING IDENTIFIER • Identifiers Seal Uniqueness: “n” number of other elements are necessary for uniqueness • Stable identifier; stable metadata: • assigned where there is confidence in the quality and completeness of the metadata to establish uniqueness • ISNI system + Quality Team (BL & BnF) Linking erroneous data propagates errors.
- 27. How do weget there? LINKS ARE MADE ONCE – THEN INHERITED • URI – immutable address as well as an identifier – http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/nr89009099 – http://viaf.org/viaf /116774723 – http://isni-url.oclc.nl/isni/000000114556841 9 NACO libraries – Library of Congress, National Agricultural Library, National Library of Medicine, British Library, NL Mexico, NLNZ, NL Scotland, NL South Africa, NL Wales
- 28. WHAT HAPPENS WHENWE GET THERE?
- 29. What happens whenwe get there? HOW DOES SEARCHING WORK? • Search happens mostly in the search engines • Library catalogue concentrates on: – Being linked to – Linking out (navigation) – Delivery, particularly of the digitised and immediate
- 30. What happens whenwe get there? HOW DO SEARCH AND LINKED DATA INTERACT? • Is search really fully delegated to search engines & larger union catalogues?
- 31. What happens whenwe get there? SEARCH TYPES Search type Happening in Known item Search engines, also in more specific sources where noise is a problem Subject search Search engines, also in more specific sources, to reduce noise and benefit from more precise searching capabilities Index browse In catalogues Follow a link Everywhere . In library catalogues from a full record display. The more your catalogue is linked in, the more likely it is to attract all types of searches
- 32. What happens whenwe get there? STORE ONLY THE LINKS? • Data needed • For making indexes • For comparisons, e.g. For de-duplication • Data mining It is about using canonical trusted globally referenceable identifiers for concepts, people, organisations, locations etc. instead of copying text strings and losing the connection with the authoritative sources they came from. This doesn’t mean that you only need the links; you often also need to ingest the data Besides data storage no longer the constraint it once was
- 33. READ FURTHER •http://www.slideshare.net/tulipbiru64/the-single-power-of-link-richard-wallis • http://www.slideshare.net/rjw/linked-data-and-oclc
Editor's Notes
- #23 Multiple domains 25 contributors – more Zetoc & OCLCT to load. Also 10 contributors in loading queue; more expected Members of the ISNI International Agency (ISNI-IA) are highlighted.