ITS "Intelligent Transportation System" Guided Vehicle using IOT Project
5 likes875 views
The document discusses the design and implementation of an intelligent transportation system (ITS) that utilizes autonomous vehicles and IoT technology to address traffic congestion issues in urban environments. It highlights the causes of traffic problems, proposes autonomous vehicles as a solution, and details the use of sensors and machine learning for traffic sign recognition and car navigation. The system aims to enhance safety, efficiency, and compliance with traffic regulations while using advanced technologies for real-time data communication and vehicle control.
ITS "Intelligent Transportation System" Guided Vehicle using IOT Project
- 2. Design and Implementation of ITS ” Intelligent Transportation System” Guided Vehicle Using IOT
- 3. Traffic Problems • Traffic congestion is one of the most serious problems in big cities and it has made people’s lives more difficult.
- 4. Traffic Reasons: Bottlenecks are the most significant factor, accounting for 40 percent of all congestion and reflecting the fact that the number of vehicles on the road has been increasing at a faster rate than the growth in road system capacity.
- 5. The Difference: • Fifty years ago, there were fewer cars on the street and people did not suffer from traffic. • Today, however, streets are full of cars, buses and trucks. 50 years ago 2017
- 6. How the traffic jam affects life! 1-Accidents 2-Loss of time ,delays to work 3-Makes you anger 5-Loss of fuel energy 4-Disturbance in public life
- 7. Our Solution is Inventing Autonomous Vehicles • As we see most of the traffic problem and there’s causes or made by human • What if we have cars that can drive itself without using humans which can detects its surroundings using sensor such as: • Cameras for vision • GPS for location • Radar and Lidar for distance surrounding
- 9. Increase in fuel efficient • Steering wheels pedals and gear sticks can be removed, saving weight and fuel Time efficient • The car will arrive faster Increase Safety • With computer brain situations Fewer traffic collisions • Older, disabled can drive!Removal of driving stipulation • Human are to blame for 93% of crashes Autonomous vehicles benefits
- 10. Potential Annual Benefits in US
- 11. Progress of Autonomous vehicles
- 14. What’s IOT? The IOT has been defined in ITU (06/2012) as: “ A global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies ”
- 15. IOT Connected Car Services
- 17. What’s ITS ? It’s refers to “Intelligent Transportation System” ITS is the integrated application of advanced technologies using Electronics, Computers, Communications, and Advanced sensors. These applications provide travelers with important information while improving the safety and efficiency of the transportation system.
- 18. Examples of ITS
- 19. Which can detect car speed And send the data to the traffic station Radar
- 20. Traffic camera • Which can detect the traffics and send the data to the users • Capture cars which drive in opposite direction • Capture cars which cuts the traffic lights • Capture cars which exceed limit speed
- 21. Electronic balance: it an electronic device it used to measure the weight of the car and covert its direction to specialize route
- 22. Wireless Communication It offers the communications between the vehicle and the roadside in specific location.
- 23. Our Objective
- 24. (ITO) :Intelligent Traffic Object • It connected to internet to receive data from traffic center or transmit data to car • Or it can store data the car take an action according to the received data
- 25. The NodeMCU is an open-source firmware and development kit that helps you to prototype your IoT product within a few Lua script lines. And after programming this kit we can send an signal to the cars and the car take action accordingly Specification • The Development Kit based on ESP8266, integrates GPIO, PWM, IIC, 1-Wire and ADC all in one board. • Power your development in the fastest way combination with NodeMCU Firmware! • USB-TTL included, plug & play • 10 GPIO, every GPIO can be PWM, I2C, 1-wire • FCC CERTIFIED WI-FI module(Coming soon) • PCB antenna Wi-Fi NodeMCU V3 module:
- 26. Uses : • it can send data to cars about 1. weather condition 2. Instructions and warnings 3. Traffic situation 4. Landmarks
- 27. Computer Vision & Machine Learning
- 28. Traffic Sign Recognition for Computer Vision Project-Based Learning Traffic sign detection and recognition have received an increasing interest in the last years. This is due to the wide range of applications that a system with this capability provides, like Driving Assistance System.
- 29. Objectives : • The Objective Is to make vehicles able to Detect and recognize Traffic signs in real time using a camera and Raspberry pi . • This got achieved using OpenCV haar-cascades.
- 30. Introduction
- 31. Digital image processing refers to processing digital images by means of a digital computer Computer vision is an interdisciplinary field that deals with how computers can be made for gaining high-level understanding from digital images or videos. From the perspective of engineering, it seeks to automate tasks that the human visual system can do. Image Processing & Computer Vision
- 32. A brief history:
- 33. Benefits of using Traffic Sign Recognition: • Highway maintenance: Check the presence and condition of signs along major roads. • Sign inventory: Creating an inventory of signs in city environments. • Driver support systems: Assist the driver by informing of current restrictions, limits, and warnings. • Intelligent autonomous vehicles: Any autonomous car that is to drive on public roads must have a means of obtaining the current traffic regulations. This can be done through TSR.
- 34. Applications: 1-optical character recognition (OCR): Reading handwritten postal codes on letters and automatic Traffic Sign recognition 2-Surveillance: monitoring for intruders, analyzing highway traffic, and monitoring pools for drowning victims; 3-Video match move and stabilization: inserting 2D pictures or 3D models into your videos by automatically tracking nearby reference points or using motion estimates to remove shake from your videos 4- Machine Learning: that technique is used in our project.
- 35. Approach and Techniques: • Collection of frames using video segmentation • The general flow followed by typical sign detection algorithms.
- 36. Tools: 2- Software : - Ubuntu : O.S for laptop OpenCV : contains machine learning tools 1- Hardware :- HD Camera HD-3000 Raspberry pi 3 Laptop : Used for training machine learning algorithm and detection algorithm
- 38. Data Preparation: The machine learning Algorithm needed a large sum of images to train on them 1000’s of images per sign Two sets one for the sign itself exclusively excluding background by cropping and another for the background excluding the sign two video clips got shot and then sliced into images Gray-scaled the Images Rescaling images (ex. from 10³*10³ pixel² to 25*25 pixel² )
- 39. • After the images got prepared its time to present it to the haar- cascade learning algorithm • First some parameters should be tweaked • Number of stages • Minimum hit rate • Max false alarm • Then the algorithm starts working and o/p’s xml file this may take days Training :
- 40. Detection Algorithm: • The algorithm on the raspberry pi takes the trained xml files & starts looping looking for signs • Once a sign gets detected it informs the control algorithm • Specifying ranges of detection • Nesting more than one xml file handler inside one another for the same sign
- 41. Challenges : • Much better results much more processing power • High false positive ratio • Signs must be known ahead
- 42. Conclusion : • This system is able to recognize in real time traffic signs bridge and speed limit 100 and take the proper actions • it's very feasible to create an embedded reliable traffic sign detection system
- 43. Text to Speech
- 44. Text to Speech conversion It’s a technology that converts digital text into spoken voice output
- 45. Text to Speech Process
- 46. Objective • Our next technique is using a text to speech conversion to indicate the car • owner that there’s a detected sign and Alarm him. • Here we uses a python programming language to implement this algorithm
- 48. The mechanics system • Mechanical design • Dc motor driver • A) Overview • B) H-bridges • C) Static operation • D) Board layout
- 49. The mechanical design for our driverless car • The car body is designed as it have two motors “Rear Push” which makes it moves in four directions
- 50. The mechanical design for our driverless car • The car chassis is made from Aluminum and it has four copper wheels which can resist up to 250kg
- 51. The mechanical design for our driverless car • Then we use wood and strong plastic to build our frame which is able to bending to make a great design
- 52. Elevation view Side view 3D view
- 53. Movement Mechanism -If we want to move the car FORWARD -The two motors will go in the forward direction -if we want to move the car backward -The two motors will go in the backward direction -If we want to move the car left -The left motor will stop and the right one will go forward -If we want to move the car right -The right motor will stop and the left one will go forward As the car have two motors in the back so
- 55. Motor Driver “ MDD10A” Specifications • Maximum current up to 10A • Onboard push button to control the motor manually • Bidirectional control for 2 DC motors. • Support motor voltage ranges from 5V to 25V.
- 56. How it works! • In general an H-bridge is a rather simple circuit, containing four switching element, with the load at the center, in an H-like configuration • The switching elements (Q1..Q4) are transistors , The diodes (D1..D4) are called catch diodes. • The top-end of the bridge is connected to a power supply • (battery for example) and the bottom-end is grounded.
- 57. Operation • The basic operating mode of an H-bridge is simple: if Q1 and Q4 are turned on, the left lead of the motor will be connected to the power supply, while the right lead is connected to ground. Current starts flowing through the motor which energizes the motor in (let’s say) the forward direction and the motor shaft starts spinning and vise versa
- 59. Avoiding collision • In most of autonomous vehicles it must have something to get information about the surrounding objects to avoid collision
- 60. Sensor Specifications • It’s done by using any sensors that can measure the distance around the car and here we use “Ultrasonic Sensor “ to detect the surround objects • Our Ultrasonic Module is called “ HC-SR05” • It’s specifications • Measurement range = 2cm to 4m • Measurement angle = 15 degree • Supply voltage = 5 v • Sound Frequency = 40 khz • Trigger pin format = 10 uS signal
- 61. How it works?! • We will only need to supply a short 10uS pulse to the trigger input to start the ranging, and then the module will send out an 8 cycle of ultrasound at 40 kHz . • If the signal faces any objects it return an echo! • Then we have the time • Once we know the sound velocity 340 M/S Then Distance = (Time * Speed) / 2
- 62. Navigation
- 63. GPS
- 64. Global Positioning System is a network of orbiting satellites that send precise details of their position in space back to earth. The signals are obtained by GPS receivers, such as navigation devices and are used to calculate the exact position, speed and time at the vehicles location. GPS
- 65. Latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north-south position of a point the Earth’s surface. GPS Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth’s surface
- 66. The NEO-6 module series is a family of stand- alone GPS receives offer numerous connectivity options in a miniature 16 x 12.2 x 2.4 mm package. Their compact architecture and power and memory options in a miniature ideal for battery operated mobile devices with very strict cost and space constraints. GPS now 6 module
- 67. Here is GPS interfacing with Raspberry pi We Connect GPS with raspberry pi and program it in order to get the car’s location.
- 68. Compass
- 69. Compass • HMC5883L sensor used in the module is sensitive to the earth’s magnetic fields in three axes. These axis are labeled as X, Y, and Z. • An output is provided for each of these axes that describes the position of these axes relative to the earth’s magnetic field
- 70. Compass • Digital compass Mechanism
- 71. Compass objective • Here we use the compass to print out the direction if the car to know if it go in the correct way or not and to edit the car path if the car direction is changed according to the different fraction of the car wheels
- 72. Raspberry pi
- 74. Raspberry pi AVC GPS Car Actuator Speaker Ultrasonic Camera Compass DisplayNode MCU (input – output)
- 75. Results
- 76. Stop Sign:
- 77. 100 Sign:
- 78. Bridge:
- 79. ITS:
- 80. Compass
- 81. GPS