Japanese period in the philippines
Download as PPTX, PDF12 likes19,148 views
The document summarizes key events during the Japanese period in the Philippines, including: 1) The bombing of Pearl Harbor by Japan drew the US into World War 2 and led to the Japanese invasion and occupation of the Philippines. 2) The Japanese established a puppet government in the Philippines and forced Filipinos to collaborate. 3) Life under Japanese rule was difficult, as the economy struggled due to war, education aimed to spread Japanese influence, and society lived in constant fear of the occupying forces.
More Related Content
Similar to Japanese period in the philippines (20)
Japanese period in the philippines
- 1. JAPANESE PERIOD IN THE PHILIPPINES PREPARED BY: NIŃA MAE SABILLO
- 2. EVENTS LEADING TO AMERICAN DEFEAT IN THE PHILIPPINES The bombing of pearl harbor The Philippines Government under the Japanese The Cardinal Program The Puppet Republic The Japanese Colonization Japanese Military Government Economy Education Society
- 3. THE BOMBING OF PEARL HARBOR One of the reason why the Americans acquired the Philippines was the belief that the Philippines was strategically located, thus economically profitable. By 1942, however, the Japanese seemed unstoppable and the Americans, particularly, President Theodore Roosevelt, started to worry about the possible Japanese invasion of the Philippines. They had reasons to worry because the Philippines defense war was rather weak to prevent possible Japanese invasion even with the appointment of General Douglas McArthur as Field Marshall of the Philippine Army.
- 4. THE BOMBING OF PEARL HARBOR In 1942, The Philippines reserve and regular forces were incorporated into the United States Army under the command of General McArthur. The United States froze the Japanese assets in the United States thus preventing Japan from using such assets in the furtherance of its covert actions in the Pacific.
- 5. THE BOMBING OF PEARL HARBOR Unfortunately, while Nomura was in Washington, presenting the Japanese peace proposals to the US Secretary of State Cordell Hull, Japanese bombers attack Pearl Harbor, an American vessel and killed 2,897 men. This surprise attack took place in the early morning of December 7, 1941, Hawaiian time.
- 6. THE BOMBING OF PEARL HARBOR The bombing of Pearl Harbor drew the ire of the people of United States. The bombing was regarded as treacherous, and it was just a matter of time that the Americans would declare war against Japan. On December 8, 1942, 12:30 pm, after a joint meeting of both Houses of the US Congress, President Roosevelt announced that he asked Congress to declare war against Japan.
- 7. THE BOMBING OF PEARL HARBOR The American declaration of war against Japan echoed around the world. Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Great Britain followed suit. This event eventually became the Second World War.
- 8. THE PHILIPPINES GOVERNMENT UNDER THE JAPANESE On January 8, 1942, after the occupation of Manila under the Japanese Imperial forces, General Homma issued a proclamation announcing the end of American occupation and the beginning of the Japanese is rule. He articulated the purpose of their coming to the Philippines as “to emancipate you (Filipinos) from the opposive domination of the US letting you establish “The Philippines id for the Filipinos” as the member of the Co-Prosperity Sphere in Greater East Asia and making you enjoy your own prosperity and culture.
- 9. THE PHILIPPINES GOVERNMENT UNDER THE JAPANESE Soon the government was recognized. On January 23, 1942, the Commander-in- Chief of the Japanese Imperial forces issued Military order No. 1, appointing Jorge B. Vargas Chairman of the Executive Commission. The pressure from the Japanese military and civil administration to form a “puppet government” was intense and constant.
- 10. THE PHILIPPINES GOVERNMENT UNDER THE JAPANESE • 5 commissioners were appointed: Interior headed by Benigno Aquino; Justice by Jose P. Laurel; education, health and public welfare by Claro M. Recto; public works and communication by Quintin Paredes; and Jose Yulo as Chief Justice. • Thus, the Japanese had accomplished its principal objective, “the active collaboration of the most prestigious Filipino in record of time.”
- 11. THE CARDINAL PROGRAM The Japanese cardinal program was embodied in a communique’ on Philippine Independence issued by the Director General of the Japanese Military Administration dated January 28, 1942.
- 12. THE CARDINAL PROGRAM This program consisted of the following: 1) Eradication of all entanglements and connection of the American regimes. 2) To initiate effective ways and means of bringing about the much-needed economic self- sufficiency of the Philippines through rapid reconstruction and renovation of the economic structure of the land. 3) Work for the speedy reorientation of your people both spiritually and intellectually, thereby regaining your origin Oriental soul, and that as the foundation, drastically, reorganize the social structure of the Philippines in strict accordance with the ideals and standards of Oriental people.
- 13. THE PUPPET REPUBLIC To make the Filipinos believed the Japanese intention to make the Philippines free, Japanese Premier Hideki Tojo, in an address to the Imperial Diet on January 21, 1942 announced that Japan “will grant the Philippines its Independence so long as it cooperates and recognizes Japan’s program of establishing a Greater East Asia Co- Prosperity Sphere”.
- 14. THE PUPPET REPUBLIC The declaration of Independence was read and the “Puppet Republic” was inaugurated on October 14, 1943. Despite this artificiality, a huge crowd attended the inauguration and “for the first time, the Philippines flag was allowed to be displayed.” As a matter of fact, it was displayed everywhere.
- 15. THE JAPANESE COLONIZATION The campaign of Adolf Hitler in Europe was equaled by the Japanese under the leadership of Emperor Mutsihito or Teno Meiji. The reign of Mutsihito was the time modernization of Japan. After the long time of closure of Japan to international market and to the communication in the outside world, the Japanese stared the modernization and the government sends the brilliant Japanese students to travel in Europe to observe the government and technology in the different countries in Europe.
- 16. THE JAPANESE COLONIZATION The Germans headed by Adolf Hitler had their revenge against the countries who divided them as the punishment after they lost the First World War and the Japanese wanted to be part of the world power and gained colonies because of the following reasons: First, was to get more raw materials for their products and to feed its growing population Second was to gain additional market for their goods And third was to gain the glory as part of the powerful country.
- 17. THE JAPANESE COLONIZATION This event is popularly known in the history as the Death March. The remaining US and Filipino soldiers were asked to walk from Bataan to Camp O’Donnell in Tarlac. All soldiers who fell were killed by the Japanese, some of the Filipinos who witnessed the march brought food and water to the Filipino and American soldiers. When they reached San Fernando Pampanga, they were asked to ride in a container van without windows.
- 18. DEATH MARCH.
- 19. JAPANESE MILITARY GOVERNMENT The Japanese establish a military government in Philippines which was composed of different agencies that would ensure the peach and order in the country. In January 21, 1943, Hideki Tojo the Premier of Japan announced the establishment of the Republic of the Philippines because of the cooperation of the Filipinos to the Japanese Government. Jose P. Laurel was appointed as the President of the 2nd Republic.
- 20. JAPANESE MILITARY GOVERNMENT The National government was replaced by the Central Administrative Organization which was composed of 6 branches: The Interior Department – Benigno Aquino Sr. The Finance Department – Antonio de Las Alas The Agriculture and Commerce Department – Rafael Alunan The Education Department – Claro M. Recto The Public Welfare and the Public Works and Communication – Quintin Paredes The Justice Department – Jose P. Laurel
- 21. ECONOMY The fear of the Filipinos of the Japanese became the hindrance in the continuation of trade and commerce, some of the Japanese also confiscated the goods of Filipinos and the agriculture was also affected by the war and the fear existed in the society. The supplies of the products decreased so the prices of the commodities went up, inflation and devaluation led to the existence of the Mickey Mouse money or the Japanese money which because of the inflation did not have value.
- 22. ECONOMY The Buy and Sell emerged as the number one job of the Filipinos because even if people had money they experienced a hard time looking for a product to buy so there were people who would buy a certain product and resold it for a higher price. In the scarcity of food, the government encouraged the people to plant vegetable in their households. Kangkong became the popular for the Filipinos because it was easy to plant and harvest.
- 23. ECONOMY • To organize the distribution of rice, the government created the BIBA or the Bigasang Bayan; However, it does not answer to the problem in the rice production and distribution. • Some of the food like tea and coffee were used twice to use resources. • And other used substitute for the goods which have limited supply like for rice, corn, sweet potatoes and banana were used as substitute.
- 24. EDUCATION The Japanese also used education to reorient the Filipinos about their culture and to eradicate the influence of Western influence in the Filipinos. They prohibited the use of English and forced the use of Tagalog and introduced Nihongo, opened the primary schools to educate the young minds about the good intentions of the Japanese of their colonization of the country
- 25. EDUCATION They also opened vocational schools, schools for teacher and schools for professional to enhance the courses in Agriculture and Engineering and Fisheries. In June 1942, the Japanese ordered the opening of the schools but most of the Filipinos were hesitant to go to school because of fear of the Japanese and most of the children also helped their parents in looking for food for survival.
- 26. SOCIETY The society of the Philippines during the Second World War was full of fear, some of the people in the cities preferred to live in the provinces and in mountains to avoid the Japanese. In some houses, the family dug a big hole in their backyard big enough for the whole family and stored food and water. If the Japanese forces were present in their community, they would stay in the hole until the Japanese forces left the vicinity.
- 27. SOCIETY The Kempeitai or the Japanese Military Police was created to discipline the Japanese troops in the Philippines however they were not successful in forcing their soldiers not to abuse the Filipinos. Some of the Filipino men and women experienced torture like the water cure, burning, insertion of nail in the fingers, Jujitsu, electrocution and mental torture. They also established a house where they brought the comfort women and so with the comfort gays.
- 28. SOCIETY The Japanese also had the Radio Tasio and if the jingle of the radio tasio was played, Filipinos anywhere in the country should dance in the choreography that the Japanese taught to the Filipinos. This was the evidence of obedience of the Filipinos to the Japanese rule. But the Filipinos used the Radio San Francisco to gain knowledge about the update of the wars in the different parts of the world and so with the news about the American forces.
- 29. SOCIETY HUKBALAHAP or the Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga Hapones was established by the Filipinos to help themselves against the abuse of the Japanese soldiers. They were the true heroes of the community who were willing to take the risk and continued the fights even after the Americans left the country during that time that the Filipinos needed their help.
- 30. SOCIETY To combat the HUKBALAHAP, the Japanese hired the Makapili as spy of the Japanese government who would help them identify the member of the HUKBALAHAP and Guerillas. This Makapili received food from the Japanese so the other Filipinos became Makapili so that family could survive in the wars.