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![1997: Bill Gates traced the computer from mainframe to personal to network. “[W]e have the most powerful communications medium of all time… And the information age is changing business in a fundamental way… [as well as] the way we entertain … and … [educate] ourselves.” Information Technology, Corporate Productivity and the New Economy, p 4](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/japanesestudents25aug2008-1219695658977733-9/75/Japanese-Students-UW-7-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byKathy Gill
Japanese Students @ UW
The document discusses the rise of the information economy and how it has replaced traditional economies based on physical goods. It describes how information and knowledge can now be easily shared digitally, challenging existing economic and business models built around scarcity and intellectual property. The new information economy has disruptive effects and a clash is emerging between a culture that freely shares information and one that seeks to restrict and monetize intellectual property.
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- 1. Kathy E. Gill25 August 2008
- 2. A 10-minute explanationof US copyright … using words from one of the largest copyright owners in the world
- 3. What Is AnInfo Economy? Economics 101 Impact on Systems: Copyright
- 4. “ An economybased on the exchange of knowledge information and services rather than physical goods and services.” Australian Gov’t , Dept. Finance and Administration, 2001.
- 5. 1963: Tadeo Umesao,Kyoto University, forecast an information industry 1973: Daniel Bell, Harvard, described a knowledge-based post-industrial economy 1981: Frederick Williams, UT Austin, said the communication revolution had arrived and expounded on the “knowledge worker” The Information Society, A Retrospective View. Dordick and Wang. 1993.
- 6. Post-industrial society willbe “organized around knowledge for the purpose of social control and the directing of innovation and change” The transformation is industrial to service Anticipated tension between high-tech, intellectual work and nonprofessionals
- 7. 1997: Bill Gatestraced the computer from mainframe to personal to network. “[W]e have the most powerful communications medium of all time… And the information age is changing business in a fundamental way… [as well as] the way we entertain … and … [educate] ourselves.” Information Technology, Corporate Productivity and the New Economy, p 4
- 8. Info Economy, Post-IndustrialEconomy, “New” Economy? One definition: the new economy is an integration of free-market economies, globalization and information technology Information Technology, Corporate Productivity and the New Economy, p 9
- 9. Anything that canbe converted to bits, ie, digitized, is an information good Entertainment News Business Info Software
- 10. Telecommunications, computers, softwareCommunication: E-mail, IM, TheWeb Networks: Extranet, Intranet, Internet, LAN, WAN Software: Expert systems, Enterprise Resource Planning, Query and Reporting, Data Mining Networks: T1, T3, Wireless Protocols: HTTP, FTP, VoIP
- 11. Collapse of spaceand time Reduction of scarcity
- 12. Technology optimists Anew society without pollution; time for creative work; participatory democracy; perfect markets… Technology pessimists No new society but an increase in the divide between rich and poor; greater control over individuals; erosion of privacy… Technology + economics +society
- 13. Use whatever labelyou wish … the makeup of our economy has changed. Information technologies and information as a good have replaced goods made of atoms and technologies resting on muscle.
- 14. Supply & DemandMarket Structure Types of Goods Network Effects Examples/Discussion
- 15. Economics is thestudy of how people (and institutions) act in a society with limited resources (scarcity) The choices are more diverse than simply $$ - it’s also time, work, savings Driving principle: that people optimize the “utility” (satisfaction) of goods and services consumed - that we are rational
- 16. Found that twobrain areas known to be part of emotional processing (the limbic system) can help predict financial choices Kuhnen & Knutson (2005)
- 17. Costly to produceInexpensive to re-produce Economist-speak: High fixed costs, low marginal costs 30 June 2008 COM597 - Gill
- 18. 30 June 2008COM597 - Gill Rival Non-Rival Excludable Most consumer goods Private land Services Single license software Trade secrets Multi-license software Patents Subscription web sites Non-Excludable Public land Most roads Water - rivers, lakes “ Public Goods” Basic research Defense, police, firemen Lighthouse “ Open” websites TV (not cable!)
- 19. The theory, courtesythe World Bank : Assume someone produces a valuable theorem, but it cannot be kept secret -- it must be made immediately available. Because anyone can immediately use it, there is no way for an individual to profit from creating it. So they won’t.
- 20. Trade Secrets (CocaCola) Patents (Amazon One-Click) Copyright Will people create knowledge if they can’t charge for it? WB says No. Open source movement says Yes. 30 June 2008 COM597 - Gill
- 21. DRM iTunes SubscriptionsRealNetworks and Napster, The Economist and the Wall Street Journal Lawsuits 30 June 2008 COM597 - Gill
- 22. Global economy isincreasingly reliant on information technologies and information Firms in this sector have a different cost structure than traditional goods/sectors like agriculture or manufacturing 30 June 2008 COM597 - Gill
- 23. The products inthis sector have characteristics of a public good -- the antithesis of a scarce, excludable good Thus information technology is disruptive, economically and socially 30 June 2008 COM597 - Gill
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- 25. These technologies changehow we interact with (digital) cultural objects.
- 26. We are nolonger merely a consumer. We can also be a producer.
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- 30. This means itis technically easier to express ourselves in new, creative ways.
- 31. SuperBowl Commercials YouTubeDemocratic Presidential Debate An Introduction To Sumo Free Science Videos and Lectures s 30 June 2008 COM597 - Gill
- 32. Culture as afreely flowing current of ideas and practices runs head first into culture as intellectual property
- 33. A Long Time!In 1709, copyright lasted 14 years Prior to 1923, content is public domain (probably) After 1978, the life of the author + 70 years OR work-for-hire, 95 years from publication or 125 years from creation Between 1923 and 1978 ??? … talk to a lawyer!
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- 36. "Copyright infringement" meansexercising one of the copyright holder's exclusive rights without permission.
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- 38. Copyright purpose isto “ promote the progress of science and the useful arts ” … and the duration for exclusivity is to be “ limited ” … - US Constitution 30 June 2008 COM597 - Gill
- 39. Digital technologies enablea "Tinkering culture" -- a "read write rip burn culture” This culture is butting heads with institutions that own “IP” – it’s an economic and cultural clash
- 40. The Inkjet Printer,from The Economist. (2002) http://emlab.berkeley.edu/users/bhhall/e124inkjetprinter.html The Invention of Email, from Pretext Magazine (1998) http://emlab.berkeley.edu/users/bhhall/e124emailinvention.pdf Science and Engineering Indicators (2002) National Science Board. http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/seind02/start.htm 30 June 2008 COM597 - Gill
- 41. Timothy F. Bresnahan.“The Economics of the Microsoft Case.” http://www.stanford.edu/~tbres/Microsoft/The_Economics_of_The_Microsoft_Case.pdf Cory Doctorow. “How Copyright Turned Us Into IP Serfs.” Speech, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 22 February 2007. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkBX-981_es Nicholas Economides. “The Economics of Networks,” International Journal of Industrial Organization, October (1996) http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/top.html Tore Nilssen and Lars Sørgard. “TV Advertising, Programming Investments, and Product-Market Oligopoly” http://www.nhh.no/sam/res-publ/2000/dp06.pdf Frank Zappa on Crossfire, 1986. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =8ISil7IHzxc 30 June 2008 COM597 - Gill