Java 40 versions_sgp

@delabassee
DevRel Java Platform Group
Singapore JUG
May 2020
David Delabassée
Java and the forty versionsJava and the forty versions
fourteen

The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information
purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any
material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The
development, release, timing, and pricing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s
products may change and remains at the sole discretion of Oracle Corporation.
Safe harbor statement
Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates2

Developer productivity
Application performance
In the face of constantly-evolving
programming paradigms,
application styles,
deployment styles
and hardware.

Java 9 / JDK 9 - 90 JEPs
102 Process API Updates
110 HTTP 2 Client
143 Improve Contended Locking
158 Unified JVM Logging
165 Compiler Control
193 Variable Handles
197 Segmented Code Cache
199 Smart Java Compilation, Phase Two
200 The Modular JDK
201 Modular Source Code
211 Elide Deprecation Warnings on Import Stats.
212 Resolve Lint and Doclint Warnings
213 Milling Project Coin
214 Remove GC Combinations Deprecated in JDK 8
215 Tiered Attribution for javac
216 Process Import Statements Correctly
217 Annotations Pipeline 2.0
219 Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)
220 Modular Run-Time Images
221 Simplified Doclet API
222 jshellThe Java Shell (Read-Eval-Print Loop)
223 New Version-String Scheme
224 HTML5 Javadoc
225 Javadoc Search
226 UTF-8 Property Files
227 Unicode 7.0
228 Add More Diagnostic Commands
229 Create PKCS12 Keystores by Default
231 Remove Launch-Time JRE Version Selection
232 Improve Secure Application Performance
233 Generate Run-Time Compiler Tests Automatically
235 Test Class-File Attributes Generated by javac
236 Parser API for Nashorn
237 Linux/AArch64 Port
238 Multi-Release JAR Files
240 Remove the JVM TI hprof Agent
241 Remove the jhat Tool
243 Java-Level JVM Compiler Interface
244 TLS ALPN Extension
245 Validate JVM Command-Line Flag Arguments
246 Leverage CPU Instructions for GHASH and RSA
247 Compile for Older Platform Versions
248 Make G1 the Default Garbage Collector
249 OCSP Stapling for TLS
250 Store Interned Strings in CDS Archives
251 Multi-Resolution Images
252 Use CLDR Locale Data by Default
253 Prepare JavaFX UI Controls & CSS APIs for Modul.
254 Compact Strings
255 Merge Selected Xerces 2.11.0 Updates into JAXP
256 BeanInfo Annotations
257 Update JavaFX/Media to Newer Ver of GStreamer
258 HarfBuzz Font-Layout Engine
259 Stack-Walking API
260 Encapsulate Most Internal APIs
261 Module System
262 TIFF Image I/O
263 HiDPI Graphics on Windows and Linux
264 Platform Logging API and Service
265 Marlin Graphics Renderer
266 More Concurrency Updates
267 Unicode 8.0
268 XML Catalogs
269 Convenience Factory Methods for Collections
270 Reserved Stack Areas for Critical Sections
271 Unified GC Logging
272 Platform-Specific Desktop Features
273 DRBG-Based SecureRandom Implementations
274 Enhanced Method Handles
275 Modular Java Application Packaging
276 Dynamic Link of Language-Def. Object Models
277 Enhanced Deprecation
278 Additional Tests for Humongous Objs in G1
279 Improve Test-Failure Troubleshooting
280 Indify String Concatenation
281 HotSpot C++ Unit-Test Framework
282 jlinkThe Java Linker
283 Enable GTK 3 on Linux
284 New HotSpot Build System
285 Spin-Wait Hints
287 SHA-3 Hash Algorithms
288 Disable SHA-1 Certificates
289 Deprecate the Applet API
290 Filter Incoming Serialization Data
291 Deprecate the Concurrent Mark Sweep GC
292 Implement Selected ES6 Features in Nashorn
294 Linux/s390x Port
295 Ahead-of-Time Compilation
297 Unified arm32/arm64 Port
298 Remove Demos and Samples
299 Reorganize Documentation

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
11
17

Oracle offers users choice
https://oracle.com/java
https://jdk.java.net

Issues fixed in JDK 14 per organization
https://blogs.oracle.com/java-platform-group/the-arrival-of-java-14

Java is still free!

• Predictable release cadence
• JEPs
- https://openjdk.java.net/jeps
• Feedback
- Preview features, experimental features, incubator modules + EA JDK builds
• Project Skara
- Investigate alternative SCM and code review options for OpenJDK
- Git, hosted Git provider & tooling
- Already moved
- Amber, Skara, jfx, jmc, Loom, Panama-foreign, … + R/O mirrors
- https://github.com/openjdk/
Foster Faster Innovations

Java is still free!
Delivering Faster

Java 10 (March 2018) 12 JEPs
286 Local-Variable Type Inference
296 Consolidate the JDK Forest into a Single Repository
304 Garbage-Collector Interface
307 Parallel Full GC for G1
310 Application Class-Data Sharing
312 Thread-Local Handshakes
313 Remove the Native-Header Generation Tool (javah)
314 Additional Unicode Language-Tag Extensions
316 Heap Allocation on Alternative Memory Devices
317 Experimental Java-Based JIT Compiler
319 Root Certificates
322 Time-Based Release Versioning

Java 11 (September 2018) 17 JEPs
181 Nest-Based Access Control
309 Dynamic Class-File Constants
315 Improve Aarch64 Intrinsics
318 Epsilon: A No-Op Garbage Collector (Experimental)
320 Remove the Java EE and CORBA Modules
321 HTTP Client (Standard)
323 Local-Variable Syntax for Lambda Parameters
324 Key Agreement with Curve25519 and Curve448
327 Unicode 10
328 Flight Recorder
329 ChaCha20 and Poly1305 Cryptographic Algorithms
330 Launch Single-File Source-Code Programs
331 Low-Overhead Heap Profiling
332 Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.3
333 ZGC: A Scalable Low-Latency Garbage Collector (Experimental)
335 Deprecate the Nashorn JavaScript Engine
336 Deprecate the Pack200 Tools and API

189 Shenandoah: A Low-Pause-Time Garbage Collector (Experimental)
230 Microbenchmark Suite
325 Switch Expressions (Preview)
334 JVM Constants API
340 One AArch64 Port, Not Two
341 Default CDS Archives
344 Abortable Mixed Collections for G1
346 Promptly Return Unused Committed Memory from G1

Java 13 (September 2019) 5 JEPs
350 Dynamic CDS Archives
351 ZGC: Uncommit Unused Memory
353 Reimplement the Legacy Socket API
354 Switch Expressions (Preview)
355 Text Blocks (Preview)

305 Pattern Matching for instanceof (Preview)
343 Packaging Tool (Incubator)
345 NUMA-Aware Memory Allocation for G1
349 JFR Event Streaming
352 Non-Volatile Mapped Byte Buffers
358 Helpful NullPointerExceptions
359 Records (Preview)
361 Switch Expressions (Standard)
362 Deprecate the Solaris and SPARC Ports
363 Remove the Concurrent Mark Sweep (CMS) Garbage Collector
364 ZGC on macOS
365 ZGC on Windows
366 Deprecate the ParallelScavenge + SerialOld GC Combination
367 Remove the Pack200 Tools and API
368 Text Blocks (Second Preview)
370 Foreign-Memory Access API (Incubator)
14

Java 15
https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/secure/Dashboard.jspa?selectPageId=19114
https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk/15/spec/
Rampdown Phase One (features freeze)
Rampdown Phase Two
Initial Release Candidate
Final Release Candidate
General Availability
2020/06/11
2020/07/16
2020/08/06
2020/08/20
2020/09/15
15

Java is still free!
Delivering Faster
Richest Feature Pipeline Ever

Innovating for the Future
ZGC
Create a scalable low
latency garbage collector
capable of handling
large heaps
Panama
Higher performance and
easier development of
I/O intensive applications
through Java-native
platform enhancements
Valhalla
Higher density and
performance of machine
learning and big data
applications through the
introduction of Value Types
Loom
Massively scale
lightweight threads,
making concurrency
simple again
Amber
Continuously improve
developer productivity
through evolutions of
the Java language
Metropolis
Implement more of the
JVM in Java starting
with the JIT complier
“Java-on-Java”

• A Scalable Low Latency GC
- Low Latency ⇨ pause times stay below 10 ms, typically within 2 ms
- Scalable ⇨ pause times do not increase with the heap or live-set size
- Handle heaps ranging from a few megabytes to multi terabytes in size
• Use
- -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOption -XX:+UseZGC
• And tune
- -Xmx<size>
Zero GC

• JDK 11
- Initial ZGC support on Linux (experimental) (JEP 333)
• JDK 12
- Support for concurrent class unloading, further pause time reduction
• JDK 13
- Linux/AArch64 support, max heap size increased to 16TB
• JDK 14
- MacOS (JEP 364) & Windows (JEP 365) support, JFR leak profiler, tiny heaps, …
• JDK 15
- Production! (JEP 377)
Zero GC
https://wiki.openjdk.java.net/display/zgc/Main
14
15

Zero GC
https://www.jfokus.se/jfokus20-preso/OpenJDK-in-the-new-age-of-GC.pdf

22
G1 GC 14
0
1
2
3
4
5
JDK 8 JDK 11 JDK 14
• NUMA-Aware Memory Allocation for G1 - JEP 345
• ∼ 700 enhancements since JDK 8, across all areas!
- Across all areas ⇨ significant improvements
• Ex. Native memory usage over time (GB)
- BigRamTester, w. 16GB heap
JDK 8
JDK 11
JDK 14
Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates

G1 GC
Normalized Scores
Higher is Better
max-jOPS
critical-jOPS
■
■
https://kstefanj.github.io/2020/04/16/g1-ootb-performance.html
100%
113%
95%
100%
150%
229%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
180%
200%
220%
240%
JDK 8 Parallel GC JDK 14 Parallel GC JDK 14 G1
-Xmx4g -Xms4g
SPECjbb®1 2015
OOTB - Fixed heap
14
SPEC® and SPECjbb® are registered trademarks of the Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (www.spec.org/jbb2015/)

Normalized Scores
Higher is Better
max-jOPS
critical-jOPS
https://kstefanj.github.io/2020/04/16/g1-ootb-performance.html
SPECjbb®1 2015
OOTB
MaxRAM=16GB
15
SPEC® and SPECjbb® are registered trademarks of the Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (www.spec.org/jbb2015/)
100%
112%
65%
97%100%
137%
90%
210%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
180%
200%
220%
JDK 8 Parallel GC JDK 14 Parallel GC JDK 14 G1 JDK 15 G1
G1 GC
■
■

Startup Time
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
8 9 11 13 14
Hello World
14

Startup Time
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
8 9 11 13 14
Hello World Hello Lambda Hello Concat
https://cl4es.github.io
14

• Enable flatter and denser memory layouts
• Main impediment to better object layout is object identity
- Enables mutability, layout polymorphism, locking, etc.
- Not all objects need it, but all objects pay for it!
- Hard to dynamically determine at runtime whether identity will be relevant
Project Valhalla

• Easier and more scalable concurrency model
• Virtual Threads vs. Kernel Threads
- Making blocking calls virtually free
- Millions of VT can be spawned in a single JVM instance!
Project Loom
Making
concurrency
simple
again

• Foreign Function/Data interface
• Simple, safe, and performant replacement for JNI
• Access to low-level hardware functionality through normal Java code
Project Panama

• Foreign-Memory Access API - JEP 370 (incubator)
- Allows efficient off-heap memory access from Java
• “Extraction”
- Tool to generate var/method handles from native library
- API to customize the extraction process
• Vector API - JEP 338 (incubator candiate, not targetted yet!)
- Express vector computations that compile at runtime to optimal vector
hardware instructions
• Non-Volatile Mapped Byte Buffers (*) - JEP 352
- Access to non-volatile memory via MappedByteBuffer
Project Panama 14

Panama

Project Amber
Improve developer productivity through evolutions of the Java language
14
15
Java 10 Java 11 Java 12 Java 13 Java 14 Java 15
Local-Variable Type Inference var Standard
Local-Variable Syntax for Lambda Parameters Standard
Switch Expressions Preview 2nd Preview Standard
Text Blocks Preview 2nd Preview Standard
Records Preview 2nd Preview
Pattern Matching instanceof Preview 2nd Preview
Sealed Classes Preview
More JEPs ?

Project Amber - Records JEP 359 (preview) 14
• Provides a compact syntax for declaring classes which are transparent
holders for shallowly immutable data
• Data carrier class with less code ceremony

Project Amber - Text Blocks JEP 368 (2nd preview)
String html = """
..............<html>
...................<body>
....................."Hello world"
..................</body>
..............</html>
..............""";
String html = "<html>n" +
"....<body>n" +
"........"Hello world"n" +
"....</body>n" +
"</html>n";
14
<html>
<body>
"Hello world"
</body>
</html>

Project Amber - Pattern Matching with InstanceOf JEP 305 (preview) 14
if (obj instanceof String) {
String s = (String) obj;
// do something with s
}
if (obj instanceof String s) {
// do something with s
}
else {
// can’t use s here!
}

Project Amber - Switch Expressions JEP 361 14
switch(day){
case MONDAY:
case FRIDAY:
case SUNDAY:
numberOfChar = 6;
case TUESDAY:
numberOfChar = 7;
break;
case WEDNESDAY:
numberOfChar = 9;
break;
case THURSDAY:
case SATURDAY:
numberOfChar = 8;
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException…
}
int result = switch (day){
case MONDAY, FRIDAY, SUNDAY -> 6;
case TUESDAY -> 7;
case WEDNESDAY -> 9;
case THURSDAY, SATURDAY -> 8;
};

Amber - Demo

ZGC
capable of handling
large heaps
Panama
through Java-native
Valhalla
Higher density and
Loom
Massively scale
making concurrency
simple again
Amber
the Java language
Metropolis
“Java-on-Java”

Helpful NullPointerExceptions JEP 358 14
java.lang.NullPointerException
at Npe.locate(Npe.java:666)
…
java -XX:+ShowCodeDetailsInExceptionMessages …
java.lang.NullPointerException:
Cannot invoke "location$City.getDistrict()"
because the return value of "Location$Province.getCity()" is null
at Npe.locate(Npe.java:666)
…
location.getCountry().getRegion().getProvince().getCity().getDistrict().getAddress()…666

JDK Flight Recorder
• Event based tracing framework built into the JVM
- High performance event recorder
- Very low overhead, designed to be used in production
• Keeps history of tracing data always available
• Allows data from different subsystems and software layers to be
correlated
• Interfaces
- CLI: JVM flags, jfr, jcmd
- GUI: JDK Mission Control
- APIs: Java & JMX

JFR Event Streaming JEP 349 14
• Expose JFR data for continuous monitoring
• Stream event data as it is being produced, no need to dump data
to a file
• API for the continuous consumption of events
- In-process and out-of-process
• Low overhead (<1% overhead), safe for production

JDK Flight Recorder
JDK 10 125
JDK 11 131
JDK 12 136
JDK 13 143
JDK 14 145
JDK 15 (15-ea+21-975) 157
https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/14/docs/api/jdk.jfr/jdk/jfr/EventType.html
14
• Event Types
15

Packaging Tool JEP 343 (incubator) 14
• jpackage
• Give end users a natural, i.e. native, installation experience
- Windows: msi & exe
- macOS: pkg & dmg
- Linux: deb & rpm
• Allows launch-time parameters to be specified at packaging time
• Can be invoked directly, from the command line, or programmatically,
via the ToolProvider API

Java 15
Rampdown Phase One (features freeze)
Rampdown Phase Two
Initial Release Candidate
Final Release Candidate
General Availability
2020/06/11
2020/07/16
2020/08/06
2020/08/20
2020/09/15
15

Java 15(*) 15
(*) As of May 12th
Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) JEP 339 Proposed to target
Hidden Classes JEP 371 Integrated
Remove the Nashorn JS Engine JEP 372 Integrated
Reimplement the Legacy DatagramSocket API JEP 373 Targeted
Disable and Deprecate Biased Locking JEP 374 Targeted
Pattern Matching for instanceof (2nd preview)
JEP 375 Targeted
ZGC (production) JEP 377 Integrated
Text Block (final)
JEP 378 Integrated
Shenandoah (production) JEP 379 Targeted
Records (2nd preview)
JEP 384 Proposed to target

Java 15(*) or later… 15
(*) As of May 12th
Sealed Classes (preview)
JEP 360 Candidate, not yet targeted
Foreign-Memory Access API (2nd incubator)
Vector API (incubator)
… ?

• Dynamically generated classes that cannot be used directly by the
bytecode of other classes
• Targets frameworks
• + Deprecate the sun.misc.Unsafe::defineAnonymousClass API
Hidden Classes JEP 371 15

• Dynamically generated classes, only accessible via reflection
• Not-discoverable
- By the JVM during bytecode linkage
- By programs making explicit use of class loaders
• Lifecycle
- Ex. can be unloaded “aggressively”
• Access control
- Can be created as a member of an access control nest
Hidden Classes JEP 371 15

Class Hierarchy
• Enables the reuse of code via inheritance
- Methods of a superclass can be inherited by many subclasses
• Sometimes used to model the different possibilities of a domain
- Shapes supported by a graphics library
◦ Square, Hexagon, Circle, Triangle extends Shape
• Java assumes that code reuse is always a goal!
• Solution
- Class hierarchy not open for extension by arbitrary classes
- Code reuse would still be possible within the "closed" class hierarchy

Sealed Classes JEP 360 (preview) 15
• Allow a class (or interface) to control which code is responsible for
implementing it
• Provide a more declarative way than access modifiers to restrict the
use of a superclass
• A sealed class/interface can only be extended/implemented by those
classes/interfaces permitted to do so
• New sealed modifier and new permits clause
• Support future directions in pattern matching by underpinning the
exhaustive analysis of patterns

Sealed Classes JEP 360 (preview) 15
// same module or same package
package com.draw.geometry;
public sealed class Shape
permits Circle, Rectangle, Square {
...
}
public sealed class Shape
permits com.draw.polar.Circle,
com.draw.quad.Rectangle,
com.draw.quad.simple.Square {
...
}
// single file, ‘permits’ inferred
sealed class Shape {...}
Circle extends Shape {...}
Rectangle extends Shape {...}
Square extends Shape {...}

Wrap-up

ZGC
capable of handling
large heaps
Panama
through Java-native
Valhalla
Higher density and
Loom
Massively scale
making concurrency
simple again
Amber
the Java language
Metropolis
“Java-on-Java”
Leyden
Address slow startup time,
slow time to peak performance,
and large footprint

Java 14 / JDK 14 - 16 JEPs
305 Pattern Matching for instanceof (Preview)
343 Packaging Tool (Incubator)
345 NUMA-Aware Memory Allocation for G1
349 JFR Event Streaming
352 Non-Volatile Mapped Byte Buffers
358 Helpful NullPointerExceptions
359 Records (Preview)
361 Switch Expressions (Standard)
362 Deprecate the Solaris and SPARC Ports
363 Remove the Concurrent Mark Sweep (CMS) Garbage Collector
364 ZGC on macOS
365 ZGC on Windows
366 Deprecate the ParallelScavenge + SerialOld GC Combination
367 Remove the Pack200 Tools and API
368 Text Blocks (Second Preview)
370 Foreign-Memory Access API (Incubator)
Java 14 is available!
https://jdk.java.net/
14

Java is still free!
Delivering Faster
Richest Feature Pipeline Ever
https://openjdk.java.net

David Delabassée
@delabassee
Thanks!

Java 40 versions_sgp

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