JavaEE6

JBoss Application Server Overview
Community Project

JBoss Application Server* is the world's lead-
ing Open Source Java EE application server for
developing and deploying enterprise applica-
tions. The latest in this line, JBoss AS 7 (Java EE
Web Profile certified), provides the same devel-
oper friendly environment as previous versions
JBoss Application Server 7 while offering revolutionary new management
capabilities, and much more.
Blazing fast startup (~3seconds)
Services are started concurrently to eliminate unnecessary waits and leverage multi-core processors, while non-critical
services remain passivated until rst use. JBoss AS 7 o ers a 10-fold reduction in startup time over previous versions.

Lightweight
An aggressive approach to memory management and metadata indexing keeps the footprint exceptionally small,
enabling it to run with stock JVM settings and on small devices. Pro les can be used to tune the capabilities of
the server.

Modular core
JBoss Modules o ers true application isolation, hiding server implementation classes and only loads the classes your
application needs. Class loading is concurrent for extreme performance. OSGi support is available the moment you
install the application server.

Hot, incremental deployment
Quick turnaround during development as a result of fast, concurrent deployment and the ability to edit static resources
without redeployment in a exible deployment structure.

Elegant administration
Consistent and powerful management is available, ranging from a polished, user-friendly web console to Java and
HTTP APIs to a command line tool to direct XML edits. Con guration data is centralized and user-focused.

Domain (multi-server) management
One controller can rule them all or you can simply start a standalone server. Port o sets can be changed with a single
switch. Rolling deployments are available

First class components
JBoss AS builds on many best of breed standalone OSS projects: Hibernate, JBoss Transactions, In nispan, Iron
Jacamar, RESTEasy, Weld, HornetQ, JGroups, JBoss Logging, Mojarra, Apache CXF, and more.

Java EE 6 programming model
Java EE 6 o ers a modern, loosely coupled programming model, founded on CDI, a speci cation driven by JBoss.
With Java EE 6 you can focus on implementing your business logic, and allow the platform to take care of the rest.

Testable by design
Arquillian o ers absolute delity for testing: the ability to test your application inside the actual environment. Just like
CDI, Arquillian takes care of all the boilerplate in the background, removing clutter from your tests.

Scan this and find out
more about the JBoss Application Server project.
http://www.jboss.org/jbossas

* JBoss Application Server is in the upstream for JBoss Enterprise Application Platform.

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CONTENTS INCLUDE:
n

n

n
About the Platform
Common Annotations For Java
Java Platform, Enterprise Edition
Java Enterprise Edition 6
Java Servelet 3.0
The Most Elegant Enterprise Java Yet
n

n
JavaServer Faces 2.0
n
Enterprise JavaBeans 3.1 By Andrew Lee Rubinger

Reference
ABOUT THE PLATFORM The full JavaDoc for the Java EE 6 API is located at:
http://download.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/
Enterprise software development is inherently complex, and multi-user
systems open the door to concerns such as transactional integrity, security, COMMON ANNOTATIONS FOR THE JAVA PLATFORM
persistence integration, and interaction between components. Very simply
put, the mission of the Java Enterprise Edition is to enable an out-of-the-box
set of configurable services that allows the programmer to write less and focus JSR-250
on delivering clean business logic.
he common annotations for Java EE are a shared package used throughout
To this end, Java EE 6 is an aggregate of many interoperable technologies
the platform specifications that generally focus on shared services like
designed to deliver a unified experience. Application Servers that are
lifecycle, injection, and security.
certified to the standards defined by the Java Community Process are
intended to service applications written to the specifications within the
platform.
Class Name Description
For the sake of brevity, this reference card will focus on the key APIs of Java EE Generated Marks generated code
6 that are most relevant to modern development.
ManagedBean Defines a class as a Java EE 6 Managed Bean

JAVA PLATFORM, ENTERPRISE EDITION 6 (JAVA EE 6) PostConstruct Lifecycle callback after an instance has been created but
before it is put into service
PreDestroy Lifecycle callback before an instance is to be removed from
JSR-316 service

This umbrella specification ties together the various subsystems that comprise Resource Defines an injection point, marks that this is to be provided by
the platform and provides additional integration support. the container

Profiles Resources Allows for injection of N resources

New to Java EE 6 is the notion of the “Web Profile”, a subset of the full
specification that is targeted to cater to more specialized and minimal web- DeclareRoles Class-level target defining valid security roles
based application requirements. It is guaranteed to support the platform
common annotations for injection and lifecycle (JSR-250), JNDI Naming DenyAll Marks that no roles are allowed to access this method
standards, and the Java Transaction API. Additionally, the Web Profile
focuses on Servlet and closely related technologies such as persistence, view PermitAll Marks that all roles are allowed to access this method (or all
presentation (JavaServer Faces and JavaServer Pages), and the business logic methods if applied to a class)
elements of EJB Lite.
RolesAllowed Specifies list of roles permitted to access this method (or all
Code Example methods if applied to a class)

The simple class below is all it takes in Java EE 6 to define a POJO-based
managed component capable of lifecycle callbacks, interceptors, and
resource injection.

/**
Java Enterprise Edition 6

* Interceptor logging that an invocation has been received
*/
public class LoggingInterceptor {

@AroundInvoke
public Object intercept(InvocationContext context) throws Exception {
System.out.println(“Been intercepted: “ + context);
return context.proceed();
}
}

/**
* Defines a simple managed bean able to receive an injection
*/
@ManagedBean
@Interceptors({LoggingInterceptor.class}) // Invocations will be
// intercepted
public class ComponentResourceInjection {

@Resource
private UserTransaction userTransaction;

// ... business methods will be intercepted
// by LoggingInterceptor

DZone, Inc. | www.dzone.com

2 Java Enterprise Edition 6

RunAs Defines the identity context when run in the container RolesAllowed Specifies list of roles permitted to access this method (or all
methods if applied to a class)

RunAs Defines the identity context when run in the container
JAVA SERVLET 3.0

JAVA API FOR RESTFUL WEB SERVICES (JAX-RS)
JSR-315

Servlet technology models the request/response programming model and JSR-311
is commonly used to extend HTTP servers to tie into server-side business
logic. In Servlet 3.0, the specification has been expanded to include New to Java EE, the JAX-RS specification allows for standard development
support for annotations, asynchronous processing, pluggability, and adhering to the Representational State Transfer (REST) paradigm. These
general ease-of-configuration. applications are packaged as a Servlet inside a web application archive.

Code Example
/**
Because Servlet 3.0 includes annotations to define servlets, the descriptor * JAXB Model of a Name
*/
web.xml is no longer required in most of the common cases; below is an @XmlRootElement
example of all that’s needed to create a simple servlet. public class Name {

/** private String name;
* Simple Servlet which welcomes the user by name specified
* by the request parameter “name”. public Name(String name) {
*/ this.name = name;
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = }
{“/welcome”}) // Will service requests to the path “/welcome” public Name() {}
public class WelcomeServlet extends HttpServlet
{ public String getName() {return this.name;}
/**
* Inject a reference to an EJB public void setName(String name) {
*/ this.name = name;
@EJB }
private WelcomeBean bean; }

/** /**
* Service HTTP GET Requests * Services requests for the path “/name”
*/ * returning the JAXB-formed Name XML
@Override */
protected void doGet(final HttpServletRequest request, final HttpServletResponse @Path(“/name”)
response) throws ServletException, @Produces({“application/xml”})
IOException public class NamedResource extends javax.ws.rs.core.Application {
{ @GET
// Get the name from the request public Name get(@QueryParam(“name”) String name) {
final String name = request.getParameter(“name”); return new Name(name);
}
// Precondition checks }
if (name == null)
{
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST, “Request ...and HTTP GET requests to “{baseUrl}/myapp/name?name=andrew” will
parameter ”name” is required”); return the XML form for the Name.
}

// Set content type Public API Annotation Selection from javax.ws.rs:
response.setContentType(“text/plain”);

// Get the welcome message
final String welcomeMessage = bean.welcome(name);
Consumes Defines the media types that may be accepted
// Write out
response.getWriter().write(welcomeMessage);
} CookieParam Injects the value of an HTTP cookie to a method param
or bean/class field
}

DefaultValue Defines default values for cookies and other parameters
Public API from javax.servlet.annotation:
Class Name Description DELETE Flags that a method is to service HTTP DELETE requests

HttpConstraint Defines security constraints for all HTTP-servicing meth-
ods in a secured servlet Encoded Disables automatic decoding of parameter values

HttpMethodCon- Defines security constraints for an HTTP-servicing
FormParam Injects the value of a form parameter to a resource method
straint method in a servlet parameter

MultipartConfig Indicates the servlet is to service requests for multipart/ GET Flags that a method is to service HTTP GET requests
form-data MIME type
HEAD Flags that a method is to service HTTP HEAD requests
ServletSecurity Secures a servlet class for HTTP-servicing methods

WebFilter Defines a class as a servlet filter HeaderParam Injects the value of a header parameter

HttpMethod Draws an association between an HTTP method with an an-
WebInitParam Specificies an initialization parameter on a servlet or filter notation

WebListener Defines a class as a web listener MatrixParam Injects the value of a URI matrix parameter

WebServlet Defines a class as a servlet Path Designates the URI path that a resource class or resource
method will serve

PermitAll Marks that all roles are allowed to access this method (or all PathParam Injects the value of a URI path parameter
method if applied to a class)



POST Flags that a method is to service HTTP POST requests javax.enterprise.inject.Model Built-in stereotype for beans
defining the model layer of an MVC
webapp (ie. JSF)
Produces Signals the media type(s) to be served by this resource
javax.enterprise.inject.New Built-in qualifier type
PUT Flags that a method is to service HTTP PUT requests
javax.enterprise.inject.Produces Identifies a Producer method or field
QueryParam Injects the value of a query parameter
javax.enterprise.inject.Specializes Indicates that a bean specializes
another bean

javax.enterprise.inject.Stereotype Specifies that an annotation is a
CONTEXTS AND DEPENDENCY INJECTION FOR JAVA stereotype

javax.enterprise.inject.Typed Restricts the types of a bean

JSR-299
Relevent Public Annotation API from JSR-330,
The Java Contexts and Dependency Injection (CDI) specification Dependency Injection for Java in package javax.inject:
introduces a standard set of application component management services
to the Java EE platform. CDI manages the lifecycle and interactions
of stateful components bound to well defined contexts. CDI provides Inject Identifies injectable constructors, methods, and fields
typesafe dependency injection between components. CDI also provides
Named String-based qualifier
interceptors and decorators to extend the behavior of components,
an event model for loosely coupled components and an SPI allowing
portable extensions to integrate cleanly with the Java EE environment. Qualifier Identifies qualifier annotations
Additionally, CDI provides for easy integration with view layers such as Scope Identifies scope annotations
JavaServer Faces 2.0 (JSR-314).

Singleton Identifies a type that the injector only instantiates once
Code Example
For a deeper dive into CDI, check out DZone’s CDI Refcard: http://
Below is a simple example of a CDI Bean that is placed in scope alongside refcardz.dzone.com/refcardz/contexts-and-depencency
the HTTP session, given a String-based name binding (such that it may be
used in JSF view components, for example) and injects the FacesContext
such that it may be used in business methods. BEAN VALIDATION 1.0

@SessionScoped // Bind to the web session JSR-303
@Named // To be used in view components by name
public class GreeterBean implements Serializable {
New to Java EE 6, the Bean Validation Specification provides for unified
@Inject // Used to integrate w/ JSF
private FacesContext context;
declaration of validation constraints upon bean data. It may be used to
maintain the integrity of an object at all levels of an application: from user
public GreeterBean() {}
form input in the presentation tier all the way to the persistence layer.
// ... business methods

} Code Example

Here is an example of how to apply Bean Validation constraints in a
Class Name Description declarative fashion to ensure the integrity of a User object.

javax.decorator.Decorator Declares the class as a Decorator public class User {
@NotNull
@Size(min=1, max=15)
javax.decorator.Delegate Specifies the injection point of a private String firstname;
Decorator
@NotNull
@Size(min=1, max=30)
private String lastname;
javax.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped Specifies the bean has applica-
tion scope @Pattern(regexp=”b[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+.[A-Z]{2,4}b”)
public String email;

}
javax.enterprise.context.ConversationScoped Specifies the bean has conversation
scope

Public Annotation API for javax.validation
javax.enterprise.context.Dependent Specifies the bean belongs to
dependent pseudo-scope Class Name Description
Constraint Link between a constraint annotation and its constraint
javax.enterprise.context.NormalScope Specifies the bean is normally- validation implementations
scoped
GroupSequence Defines a group sequence
javax.enterprise.context.RequestScoped Specifies the bean is request-scoped

javax.enterprise.context.SessionScoped Specifies the bean is session-scoped OverridesAttribute Mark an attribute as overriding the attribute of a com-
javax.enterprise.event.Observes Identifies an event parameter of an posing constraint
observer method
OverridesAttribute.List Defines several @OverridesAttribute annotations on the same
javax.enterprise.inject.Alternative Specifies that the bean is an element
Alternative
ReportAsSingleViola- A constraint annotation hosting this annotation will return the
tion composed annotation error report if any of the composing
javax.enterprise.inject.Any Built-in qualifier type
annotations fail.
javax.enterprise.inject.Default Default qualifier type Valid Mark an association as cascaded

javax.enterprise.inject.Disposes Identifies the disposed parameter of
a disposer method



ManagedProperty Injection point for fields in ManagedBean classes
JAVASERVER FACES 2.0

NoneScoped Denotes a ManagedBean is to be in the “none” scope
JSR-314 ReferencedBean Denotes the class as a referenced bean

JavaServer Faces is a user interface (UI) framework for the development RequestScoped Denotes a ManagedBean is to be in request scope
of Java web applications. Its primary function is to provide a component-
SessionScoped Denotes a ManagedBean is to be in session scope
based toolset for easily displaying dynamic data to the user. It also
integrates a rich set of tools to help manage state and promote code ViewScoped Denotes a ManagedBean is to be in view scope
reuse.
Public API from javax.faces.application:
Additionally, JSF is an extensible specification that encourages the
authoring of custom user views. It’s designed with tooling in mind such Class Name Description
that integrated development environments (IDEs) can intelligently assist
Application Singleton scoped per web application to provide
with design.
configuration for things like validators, components
and converters
Code Example
ApplicationFactory Creates (if required) and returns Application instances
Here we’ll show a simple example of a JSF managed bean whose state is
scope to the HTTP request, and is registered to a bean name that may be ApplicationWrapper Application type which may be used by developers to
accessed by the view layer. add to an existing ResourceHandler
ConfigurableNavigation- Extends NavidationHandler to provide runtime inspection
Handler of the NavigationCase which defines the rule base for
/** navigation
* This class defines a bean to live bound to the HTTP
* request scope, and may be accessed by the view layer FacesMessage A single validation message
* under the name “hitchhikersGuide”.
*/ NavigationCase A single navigation case in the navigation rule base
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.enterprise.context.RequestScoped;
import javax.faces.application.ProjectStage;
NavigationHandler Handles navigation from a given action and outcome
import javax.faces.bean.ManagedBean;
import javax.faces.bean.ManagedProperty; Resource Models a client resource request

@RequestScoped ResourceHandler API by which UIComponent and Renderer instances can
@ManagedBean(name = “hitchhikersGuide”) reference Resource instances
public class HitchhikersGuide {
private String ultimateAnswer;
ResourceWrapper Simple base implementation of Resource to be extended
@ManagedProperty(value = “#{facesContext.application.projectStage}”) by developers looking to add custom behaviors
private ProjectStage journeyStage;
StateManager Coordinates the process of saving and restoring the view
public String getUltimateAnswer() { between client requests
return ultimateAnswer;
} StateManagerWrapper Base implementation of a StateManager which may be
subclasses by developers looking to add custom behaviors
public void setUltimateAnswer(String ultimateAnswer) {
this.ultimateAnswer = ultimateAnswer; ViewHandler Pluggable point for the render response and restore view
} phases of the request lifecycle.
public ProjectStage getJourneyStage() {
ViewHandlerWrapper Base implementation of a ViewHandler which may be sub-
return journeyStage;
} classes by developers looking to add custom behaviors.

public void setJourneyStage(ProjectStage journeyStage) {
this.journeyStage = journeyStage;
}
ENTERPRISE JAVABEANS 3.1
@PostConstruct
public void findUltimateAnswerToUltimateQuestion() {
ultimateAnswer = “42”;

}
} JSR-318
index.xhtml View: Enterprise JavaBeans provide a component model to encapsulate
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” business logic. As such, they provide a few bean types:
“http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”>
<html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” • Session Beans
xmlns:h=”http://java.sun.com/jsf/html”
xmlns:f=”http://java.sun.com/jsf/core”>
<head>
• Stateless
<title>Sample JSF Page</title>
</head> • No conversational state between requests
<body>
<f:view>
<h2><h:outputText value=”Test Managed Bean Annotations”/></h2> • Stateful
<p><h:outputText value=”hitchhikersGuide.ultimateAnswer =
#{hitchhikersGuide.ultimateAnswer}”/></p>
<h2><h:outputText value=”Test Project Stage”/></h2>
• Same bean instance used to service each client/session
<p><h:outputText value=”project stage = #{hitchhikersGuide.
journeyStage}”/></p> • Singleton
</f:view>
</body>
</html> • One shared bean instance for all users
• Message-Driven
Public API from javax.faces.bean:
• Event Listener
• JCA endpoint
ApplicationScoped Denotes a ManagedBean is to be in application
scope • Asynchronous
CustomScoped Denotes a ManagedBean is to be in a custom-de-
• Entity
fined scope of the specified value
ManagedBean Defines a class as a ManagedBean type • Integration point w/ Java Persistence



Code Example TransactionManage- Configures transactional management for a Session or
ment Message-Driven Bean (container or bean provided)
It’s simple to define an EJB capable of greeting a user.

/**
* Stateless Session EJB JAVA PERSISTENCE 2.0
*/
@Stateless // Defines a Stateless Session Bean
@LocalBean // No-interface view
public class GreeterBean {
@Override JSR-317
public String greet(String name) {
return “Hi, “ + name + “!”;
} Most enterprise applications will need to deal with persistent data,
} and interaction with relational databases can be a tedious and difficult
endeavor. The Java Persistence specification aims to provide an object
view of backend storage in a transactionally aware manner. By dealing
Other components, such as Servlets, may now inject a proxy to the above with POJOs, JPA enables developers to perform database operations
EJB: without the need for manually tuning SQL.

@EJB private GreeterBean greeterEjb;
Code Example
Public API Annotation Selection from javax.ejb: A JPA entity is simply a POJO with some annotations to provide additional
Class Name Description mapping metadata. For instance:

AccessTimeout Designates the amount of time a concurrent method @Entity
should block before timing out public class SimpleEmployee {
@Id @Auto
ActivationConfig- Used to configure Message-Driven Beans private Long id;
private String name;
Property
public Long getId(){ return id; }
AfterBegin Defines a Tx callback method for the “after begin” public void setId(final Long id) { this.id = id; }
public String getName() { return name; }
event public void setName(final String name) { this.name = name; }
}
AfterCompletion Defines a Tx callback method for the “after completion” event

ApplicationException Defines a user exception which should not be wrapped Now a managed component such as an EJB or CDI bean can interact with
the database through our entity by associating it with an EntityManager.
Asynchronous Defines methods to be executed asynchronously.
@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager em;
BeforeCompletion Defines a Tx callback method for the “before completion”
event public void createUser(){
final SimpleEmployee andrew = new SimpleEmployee();
ConcurrencyManage- Configures the concurrency management mode for a single- andrew.setId(100L);
ment ton session bean andrew.setName(“Andrew Lee Rubinger”);
em.persist(andrew); // Store in the DB
DependsOn Designates initialization order for Singleton Session Beans // Now any state changes done to this managed object will be
// reflected in the database when the Tx completes
}
EJB Defines an injection point and dependency upon an EJB
component

EJBs Plural injection point and dependency for EJB components, to
be applied at the class-level Public API Annotation Selection from javax.persistence:
Local Defines a local business interface view Class Name Description
LocalBean Defines a no-interface view Basic Describes mapping for a database column

Lock Defines a concurrency lock for Singleton Session Beans using
container-managed concurrency
Column Specifies column mapping for a persistent property

MessageDriven Defines a Message-Driven Bean
DiscriminatorCol- Notes the discriminator column used for SINGLE_TABLE
PostActivate Defines an event callback after a Stateful Session Bean has umn and JOINED inheritance strategies
been activated

PrePassivate Defines an event callback before a Stateful Session Bean is to DiscriminatorValue Specifies the value of the discriminator column for entities of this
be passivated type

Remote Defines a remote business interface view ElementCollection Defines a collection of instances

Remove Defines a business method that should trigger the removal of
a Stateful Session Bean instance (i.e., destroy the session) Embeddable Defines a class whose instances are stored as part of the owning
entity
Schedule Defines a new timer to be created with a specified schedule

Schedules Plural of Schedule Embedded Specifies a persistent property whose value is an instance of an
embeddable class
Singleton Defines a Singleton Session Bean

Startup Denotes that a Singleton Session Bean should eagerly load EmbeddedId Denotes composite primary key of an embeddable class

Stateful Defines a Stateful Session Bean
Entity Defines a POJO as a persistent entity
StatefulTimeout Defines the amount of idle time before a Stateful Session is
eligible for removal EntityListeners Specifies callback listeners

Stateless Defines a Stateless Session Bean
Enumerated Specifies that a persistent property should be persisted as an
Timeout Defines a timer expiration method enumeration

TransactionAttribute Configures the transactional context under which business
methods should execute



GeneratedValue Specifies generation strategies for primary keys PostLoad Define an event callback method

PostPersist Define an event callback method
Id Denotes a primary key field
PostRemove Define an event callback method
IdClass Denotes a composite primary key class
PostUpdate Define an event callback method
Inheritance Denotes the inheritance strategy for this given entity
PrePersist Define an event callback method
JoinColumn Specifies a column for joining an entity association or element
collection. PreRemove Define an event callback method
JoinColumns Plural of JoinColumn Define an event callback method
PreUpdate
JoinTable Maps associations Specifies the primary table for this entity
Table
Lob Denotes a binary large object persistent property Denotes persistence of Date and Calendar field types
Temporal
ManyToMany Defines an N:N relationship Denotes that a property is not persistent
Transient
ManyToOne Defines an N:1 relationship Specifies the persistent property used as the optimistic lock
Version
NamedQuery Defines a static query in JPAQL

OneToMany Defines a 1:N relationship

OneToOne Defines a 1:1 relationship

OrderBy Specifies ordering of elements when a Collection is retrieved

PersistenceContext Used for injecting EntityManager instances

PersistenceUnit Used for injecting EntityManagerFactory instances

ABOUT THE AUTHOR RECOMMENDED BOOK

Andrew Lee Rubinger Learn how to code, package, deploy, and test
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from O’Reilly Media. Member of the JBoss Application technology, while the workbook in the second
Server development team and technical lead of the section provides several hands-on examples for
ShrinkWrap project. Proudly employed by JBoss / Red Hat. putting the concepts into practice. Enterprise
JavaBeans 3.1 is the most complete reference
you’ll find on this specification.

#82

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