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Joints powerpoint
- 1. Joints By: Taylor,AJ, Sam, Emily, and Jess
- 2. Introduction of JointsJoint (or articulation)- the junction between two or more bones. With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body is connected to or forms a joint. There are 230 joints in the body
- 3. Joint Functions Holdthe skeletal bones together Allow the skeleton some flexibility so gross movement can occur Make bone growth possible
- 4. Joint Classification Jointsare classified by: movement or tissue type Movement Immovable Slightly Movable Freely Movable Tissue (more common) 1.Fibrous 2. Cartilaginous 3. Synovial
- 5. Three General Groupsof Joints Fibrous : classified by Sutures, Syndesmosis, and Gomphosis. Cartilaginous : Connected entirely by cartilage Synovial : Most common and most movable joint.
- 6. Synovial Joints Articularends covered in hyaline cartilage and held together by dense connective tissue Joint capsules made up of ligaments (outer layer) and synovial membranes (inner layer) Some synovial joints have shock-absorbing pads called menisci and fluid filled sacs called bursae.
- 7. There are sixtypes of synovial joints… Ball-and-Socket Joint Condyloid Joint Gliding Joint Hinge Joint Pivot Joint Saddle Joint
- 8. Ball-and-Socket Joint Ball-and-SocketJoint: consists of a bone with a ball-shaped head that attaches with the cup-shaped cavity of another bone. This type of joint allows for a wider range of motion than any other kind. It permits movement in all planes, and a rotational movement around a central axis. Two examples of this type of joint would be the hip and shoulder joints.
- 9. Condlyoid Joint Condyloid Joint: an oval-shaped condyle of one bone fits into an elliptical cavity of another bone. This type of joint permits a variety of movements in different planes. It however, does not permit rotational movement. Examples of this type of joint would be the joints between the metacarpals and the phalanges.
- 10. Gliding Joint Gliding Joint: has nearly flat or slightly curved articulating surfaces. This type of joint allows sliding and twisting movements. Some examples of this type of joint include, the joints within the wrists and the ankles, the joints between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae, the sacroiliac joints, and the joints formed by ribs (2-7) connecting with the sternum.
- 11. Hinge Joint Hinge Joint: the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another. This type of joint permits movement in one plane only. This movement consists of flexion and extension. Two examples are the elbow and the phalanges.
- 12. Pivot Joint Pivot Joint: the cylindrical surface of one bone rotates within a ring formed of bone and ligament. Movement is limited to the rotation around a central axis. Examples of this type of joint are the joints between the proximal ends of the radius and ulna.
- 13. Saddle Joint Saddle Joint: forms between bones whose articulating surfaces have both concave and convex regions. The surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of the other bone. This type of joint permits a variety of movements. An example would be the joint between the trapezium and the metacarpal bones of the thumb.
- 14. Joint Movements Flexion: Bending parts at the joint so that the angle between them decrease and the parts come closer together Example: bending lower limb at knee Extension: Straightening parts at the joint so that the angle between them increase and the parts move farther apart Example: straightening the lower limb at the knee Extension Flexsion
- 15. Hyperextension: Excessextension of the parts at a joint beyond the anatomical position Example: bending the head back beyond the upright position Dorsiflexion: Bending the foot at the ankle toward the shin Example: bending the foot upward Plantar Flexion: Bending the foot at the ankle toward the sole Example: bending the foot downward
- 16. Abduction: Movinga part away from the midline Example: lifting the upper limb horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body Adduction: Moving a part toward the midline Example: returning the upper limb from a horizontal position to the side of the body
- 17. Rotation: Movinga part around an axis Example: twisting the head from side to side Circumduction: Moving a part so that its end follows a circular path Example: moving the finger in a circular motion without moving the hand Supination: Turning the hand so that the palm is upward or facing anteriorly (in the anatomical position) Pronation: Turning the hand so the palm is downward or facing posteriorly (in the anatomical position) Pronation Supination
- 18. Eversion: Turningthe foot so that the sole faces laterally Inversion: Turning the foot so that the sole faces medially Protraction: Moving a part forward Example: thrusting the chin forward Retraction: Moving a part backward Example: pulling the chin backward Elevation: Raising a part Example: shrugging the shoulders Depression: Lowering a part Example: drooping the shoulders