Job Openings and Labor Turnover

For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, January 13, 2015 USDL-15-0015
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – NOVEMBER 2014
There were 5.0 million job openings on the last business day of November, little changed from 4.8
million in October, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires (5.0 million) were little
changed and separations (4.6 million) declined in November. Within separations, the quits rate (1.9
percent) was unchanged and the layoffs and discharges rate (1.2 percent) was little changed. This release
includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector
by industry and by four geographic regions.
Job Openings
There were 5.0 million job openings on the last business day of November. The job openings rate was
3.4 percent. The number of job openings was little changed for total private and increased for
government in November. (See table 1.) Job openings increased for nondurable goods manufacturing
and for state and local government. The number of job openings was little changed in all four regions.
The number of job openings (not seasonally adjusted) increased over the 12 months ending in
November for total nonfarm, total private, and government. Job openings increased over the year for
many industries, including professional and business services, health care and social assistance, and
accommodation and food services. Job openings decreased in arts, entertainment, and recreation. The
number of openings increased over the year in all four regions. (See table 7.)
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
Percent
20142012
Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,
December 2011 - November 2014
2013
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
Hires
Separations
Percent
20142012
Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,
December 2011 - November 2014
2013

- 2 -
Hires
There were 5.0 million hires in November, little changed from October. The hires rate in November was
3.6 percent. The number of hires was little changed for total private and government. Hires decreased
over the month in professional and business services and in the West region. (See table 2.)
Over the 12 months ending in November, the number of hires (not seasonally adjusted) increased for
total nonfarm and total private, and was little changed for government. Hires increased over the year in
several industries, including retail trade and accommodation and food services. The number of hires
increased in the Northeast and Midwest regions. (See table 8.)
Separations
Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore,
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations include separations
due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.
There were 4.6 million total separations in November, down from October. The separations rate was
3.3 percent in November. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and
government and decreased in the Northeast region. (See table 3.)
There were 2.6 million quits in November, little changed from October. The quits rate in November was
1.9 percent. The number of quits was little changed for total private and decreased for government.
Quits decreased in durable goods manufacturing, professional and business services, and state and local
government. The number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)
The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) increased over the 12 months ending in November for
total nonfarm and total private and was unchanged for government. Over the year, quits increased for
many industries, including both health care and social assistance and accommodation and food services.
The number of quits also increased over the year in the South region. (See table 10.)
There were 1.6 million layoffs and discharges in November, little changed from October. The rate was
1.2 percent in November. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed over the month for
total private and government, and fell in the Northeast region. (See table 5.) Seasonally adjusted
estimates of layoffs and discharges are not available for individual industries.
The number of layoffs and discharges (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months
ending in November for total nonfarm, total private, and government. The number of layoffs and
discharges increased over the year in mining and logging and in the Midwest region. (See table 11.)
In November, there were 393,000 other separations for total nonfarm, little changed from October.
Over the month, the number of other separations was little changed for total private at 331,000 and for
government at 62,000. (See table 6.) Seasonally adjusted estimates of other separations are not available
for individual industries or regions.

- 3 -
Over the 12 months ending in November, the number of other separations (not seasonally adjusted)
was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government. Other separations fell over the year
for information and was little changed in all four regions. (See table 12.)
Net Change in Employment
Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining.
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in November 2014, hires totaled 57.6
million and separations totaled 54.9 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.7 million. These
figures include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for December 2014 are scheduled to be
released on Tuesday, February 10, 2015 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
Category
Job openings Hires Total separations
Nov.
2013
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Nov.
2013
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Nov.
2013
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY
(in thousands)
Total................................................... 4,126 4,830 4,972 4,574 5,101 4,990 4,316 4,863 4,623
Total private1
...................................... 3,757 4,409 4,512 4,286 4,797 4,688 4,028 4,554 4,335
Construction.................................... 165 141 145 299 320 308 275 304 291
Manufacturing.................................. 298 287 318 269 276 259 228 260 223
Durable goods............................... 175 182 191 147 169 153 126 149 128
Nondurable goods........................... 123 105 127 122 108 106 103 110 95
Trade, transportation, and utilities2
.......... 786 832 876 1,012 1,135 1,119 933 1,052 1,046
Retail trade................................... 439 460 509 694 778 778 668 720 720
Professional and business services......... 750 966 1,046 950 1,110 998 888 1,074 923
Education and health services3
.............. 682 850 822 522 589 578 492 564 530
Health care and social assistance. . . . .... 610 764 735 448 507 507 416 484 464
Leisure and hospitality........................ 562 715 639 792 899 907 761 840 832
Arts, entertainment, and recreation....... 84 57 42 141 150 132 127 133 128
Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 477 658 597 651 749 775 634 707 704
Government4
...................................... 369 421 459 288 304 303 287 309 287
State and local................................. 313 361 403 249 275 266 253 276 248
RATES BY INDUSTRY
(percent)
Total................................................... 2.9 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.1 3.5 3.3
Total private1
...................................... 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.7 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.9 3.7
Construction.................................... 2.7 2.3 2.3 5.1 5.3 5.0 4.7 5.0 4.8
Manufacturing.................................. 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.8
Durable goods............................... 2.3 2.3 2.4 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.7
Nondurable goods........................... 2.7 2.3 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.1
.......... 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.9 4.3 4.2 3.6 4.0 3.9
Retail trade................................... 2.8 2.9 3.2 4.6 5.0 5.0 4.4 4.7 4.6
Professional and business services......... 3.8 4.7 5.1 5.0 5.7 5.1 4.7 5.5 4.7
.............. 3.1 3.8 3.7 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.4
Health care and social assistance. . . . .... 3.3 4.0 3.9 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.7 2.5
Leisure and hospitality........................ 3.8 4.6 4.1 5.5 6.1 6.1 5.3 5.7 5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation....... 3.9 2.6 1.9 6.8 7.1 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.0
Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 3.7 5.0 4.5 5.3 5.9 6.1 5.1 5.6 5.6
Government4
...................................... 1.7 1.9 2.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3
State and local................................. 1.6 1.8 2.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3
1
Includes mining and logging, information, ﬁnancial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
2
Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
3
Includes educational services, not shown separately.
4
Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p Preliminary

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from the Job
Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles
JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS
concepts and methodology is available online at
www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.
Coverage and collection
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm estab-
lishments, as well as federal, state, and local government
entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data
are collected for total employment, job openings, hires,
quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in
this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
Employment. Employment includes persons on the
payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period
that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-
time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried,
and hourly employees are included, as are employees on
paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners
of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire
pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their
employer of record, not by the establishment where they
are working.
Job openings. Job openings information is collected for
the last business day of the reference month. A job
opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and
there is work available for that position, 2) work could
start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a
suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the
position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a
position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet,
posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or
using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also
excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in
the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but
have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by
employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job
openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and
multiplying that quotient by 100.
Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to
the payroll occurring at any time during the reference
month, including both new and rehired employees, full-
time and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal
employees, employees recalled to the location after a
layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations.
The hires count does not include transfers or promotions
within the reporting site, employees returning from strike,
employees of temporary help agencies or employee
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by
100.
Separations. The separations level is the total number of
employment terminations occurring at any time during the
reference month, and is reported by type of separation—
quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations.
(Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary
separations by employees (except for retirements, which
are reported as other separations). The layoffs and
discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no
intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers,
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for
cause; terminations of permanent or short-term
employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The
other separations count includes retirements, transfers to
other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability.
The separations count does not include transfers within
the same location or employees on strike. The separations
rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The
quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.
Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, other separations, and total separations
are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual
rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average
employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100.
This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the
12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted
data and are released with the January news release each
year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings
because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of
16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments.
The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and establishment size class. The establishments
are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million
establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which
includes all employers subject to state unemployment
insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees
program.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or
ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment
estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS
employment is used to adjust the levels for all other
JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS business birth/death model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only
be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the
birth of an establishment until its appearance on the
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition,
many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the
sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot
capture job openings, hires, and separations from these
units during their early existence. To compensate for the
inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS
has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and
death activity from previous years. The estimates of job
openings, hires, and separations produced by the
birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates
produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for
openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS uses X-12 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several
JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal
filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is
used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are
calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment
includes both additive and multiplicative models and
REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors)
modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at
the beginning and end of the series and to detect and
adjust for outliers in the series.
Alignment procedure
The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be
used to derive a measure of net employment change. This
change should be comparable to the net employment
change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and non-
sampling errors between the two surveys historically
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS
hires and separations series, BLS implemented the
Monthly Alignment Method.
This method applies the CES employment trends to the
seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend
(hires minus separations) forcing them to be
approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality
of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied
employment change and the CES net employment change
is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment
change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment
change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations)
proportionally to their contribution to the total churn
(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and
separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted
data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been
used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are
computed from the adjusted levels.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and
nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than
the entire population, there is a chance that the sample
estimates may differ from the "true" population values
they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error,
varies depending on the particular sample selected, and
this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-
percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-
percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate
based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because
of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available
at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling
error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,
including the failure to include a segment of the
population, the inability to obtain data from all units in
the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing
of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark
data used in estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1
Industry and region
Levels (in thousands)2
Rates3
Nov.
2013
July
2014
Aug.
2014
Sept.
2014
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Nov.
2013
July
2014
Aug.
2014
Sept.
2014
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Total.............................................. 4,126 4,605 4,853 4,685 4,830 4,972 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private4
.................................. 3,757 4,129 4,411 4,219 4,409 4,512 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7
Construction................................ 165 139 121 112 141 145 2.7 2.2 2.0 1.8 2.3 2.3
Manufacturing.............................. 298 293 296 293 287 318 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5
Durable goods........................... 175 195 179 179 182 191 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4
Nondurable goods....................... 123 97 118 115 105 127 2.7 2.1 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.8
. . . . .. 786 806 821 803 832 876 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.2
Retail trade............................... 439 473 500 493 460 509 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.2
Professional and business services. . . .. 750 880 928 941 966 1,046 3.8 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.7 5.1
.......... 682 826 866 872 850 822 3.1 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.7
Health care and social assistance. . .. 610 746 789 776 764 735 3.3 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9
Leisure and hospitality.................... 562 622 700 661 715 639 3.8 4.1 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 84 63 71 52 57 42 3.9 2.9 3.3 2.4 2.6 1.9
Accommodation and food services. .. 477 559 629 608 658 597 3.7 4.3 4.8 4.6 5.0 4.5
Government7
.................................. 369 476 443 466 421 459 1.7 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.1
State and local............................. 313 421 378 395 361 403 1.6 2.2 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.1
REGION8
Northeast...................................... 692 765 796 769 767 800 2.6 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.0
South........................................... 1,535 1,722 1,897 1,816 1,875 1,922 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6
Midwest........................................ 941 1,087 1,076 1,064 1,077 1,125 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4
West............................................ 957 1,031 1,084 1,035 1,110 1,124 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.5
1
Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2
Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
3
The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
4
5
6
7
8
The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,
California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
p Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1
Industry and region
Rates3
Nov.
2013
July
2014
Aug.
2014
Sept.
2014
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Nov.
2013
July
2014
Aug.
2014
Sept.
2014
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Total............................................... 4,574 4,934 4,742 5,075 5,101 4,990 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private4
.................................. 4,286 4,651 4,450 4,764 4,797 4,688 3.7 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.0
Construction................................ 299 371 330 284 320 308 5.1 6.1 5.4 4.7 5.3 5.0
Manufacturing.............................. 269 259 236 279 276 259 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.1
Durable goods........................... 147 155 139 160 169 153 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.0
. . . . .. 1,012 1,090 1,011 1,020 1,135 1,119 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.8 4.3 4.2
Retail trade............................... 694 758 686 693 778 778 4.6 4.9 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.0
Professional and business services. . . .. 950 1,012 1,049 1,168 1,110 998 5.0 5.3 5.4 6.0 5.7 5.1
.......... 522 555 514 636 589 578 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.7
Government7
.................................. 288 282 293 311 304 303 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4
State and local............................. 249 252 265 281 275 266 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4
REGION8
Northeast...................................... 696 793 728 827 776 794 2.7 3.0 2.8 3.2 3.0 3.0
South........................................... 1,824 1,945 1,872 1,971 2,017 1,953 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.8
Midwest........................................ 1,022 1,119 1,018 1,139 1,160 1,226 3.3 3.6 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.9
West............................................ 1,032 1,077 1,124 1,139 1,149 1,018 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.3
1
Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2
3
The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
4
5
6
7
8
p Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1
Industry and region
Rates3
Nov.
2013
July
2014
Aug.
2014
Sept.
2014
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Nov.
2013
July
2014
Aug.
2014
Sept.
2014
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Total............................................... 4,316 4,629 4,531 4,809 4,863 4,623 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private4
.................................. 4,028 4,369 4,247 4,500 4,554 4,335 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.7
Construction................................ 275 331 316 263 304 291 4.7 5.5 5.2 4.3 5.0 4.8
Manufacturing.............................. 228 231 237 256 260 223 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.1 1.8
Durable goods........................... 126 137 134 142 149 128 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7
. . . . .. 933 1,031 987 977 1,052 1,046 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.9
Retail trade............................... 668 723 681 679 720 720 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.6
Professional and business services. . . .. 888 946 974 1,088 1,074 923 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.6 5.5 4.7
.......... 492 524 484 578 564 530 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.7 2.6 2.4
Government7
.................................. 287 260 284 308 309 287 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3
State and local............................. 253 235 259 277 276 248 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3
REGION8
Northeast...................................... 659 717 715 756 779 665 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.5
South........................................... 1,680 1,835 1,827 1,943 1,928 1,862 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.7
Midwest........................................ 941 1,016 996 1,065 1,115 1,092 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.5
West............................................ 1,036 1,061 993 1,044 1,042 1,004 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.2
1
Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2
3
The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
4
5
6
7
8
p Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1
Industry and region
Rates3
Nov.
2013
July
2014
Aug.
2014
Sept.
2014
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Nov.
2013
July
2014
Aug.
2014
Sept.
2014
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Total............................................... 2,448 2,547 2,510 2,735 2,712 2,618 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private4
.................................. 2,325 2,413 2,364 2,574 2,561 2,493 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.1
Construction................................ 75 107 127 109 106 96 1.3 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.6
Manufacturing.............................. 120 127 121 131 130 102 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.8
Durable goods........................... 66 70 68 73 76 53 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.7
. . . . .. 559 580 554 565 609 632 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.4
Retail trade............................... 410 428 406 402 439 453 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.9
Professional and business services. . . .. 500 470 454 572 519 428 2.7 2.4 2.3 3.0 2.7 2.2
.......... 283 348 297 343 349 349 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6
Government7
.................................. 124 134 145 161 152 125 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6
State and local............................. 113 125 139 150 141 111 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6
REGION8
Northeast...................................... 344 339 339 372 374 358 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4
South........................................... 1,007 1,040 1,030 1,119 1,152 1,112 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.2
Midwest........................................ 551 590 597 665 584 589 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.9
West............................................ 547 578 544 579 603 559 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.8
1
Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2
3
The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
4
5
6
7
8
p Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1
Industry and region
Rates3
Nov.
2013
July
2014
Aug.
2014
Sept.
2014
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Nov.
2013
July
2014
Aug.
2014
Sept.
2014
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Total............................................... 1,511 1,726 1,619 1,653 1,757 1,612 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private4
.................................. 1,419 1,657 1,547 1,573 1,670 1,512 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3
Construction................................ – – – – – – – – – – – –
Manufacturing.............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –
Durable goods........................... – – – – – – – – – – – –
Nondurable goods....................... – – – – – – – – – – – –
. . . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –
Retail trade............................... – – – – – – – – – – – –
Professional and business services. . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –
.......... – – – – – – – – – – – –
Health care and social assistance. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –
Leisure and hospitality.................... – – – – – – – – – – – –
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –
Accommodation and food services. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –
Government7
.................................. 92 70 72 81 87 100 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5
State and local............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –
REGION8
Northeast...................................... 252 321 296 300 332 244 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.9
South........................................... 551 634 639 645 605 602 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2
Midwest........................................ 304 358 332 336 465 413 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.3
West............................................ 404 413 352 371 355 353 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1
1
Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2
3
The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
4
5
6
7
8
p Preliminary
- Data not available.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1
Industry and region
Rates3
Nov.
2013
July
2014
Aug.
2014
Sept.
2014
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Nov.
2013
July
2014
Aug.
2014
Sept.
2014
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Total............................................... 356 356 402 420 394 393 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private4
.................................. 285 299 335 354 323 331 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Construction................................ – – – – – – – – – – – –
Manufacturing.............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –
Durable goods........................... – – – – – – – – – – – –
Nondurable goods....................... – – – – – – – – – – – –
. . . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –
Retail trade............................... – – – – – – – – – – – –
Professional and business services. . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –
.......... – – – – – – – – – – – –
Health care and social assistance. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –
Leisure and hospitality.................... – – – – – – – – – – – –
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –
Accommodation and food services. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –
Government7
.................................. 71 57 66 66 71 62 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
State and local............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –
REGION8
Northeast...................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –
South........................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –
Midwest........................................ – – – – – – – – – – – –
West............................................ – – – – – – – – – – – –
1
Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2
3
The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
4
5
6
7
8
p Preliminary
- Data not available.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1
Industry and region
Levels (in thousands) Rates2
Nov.
2013
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Nov.
2013
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Total..................................................................... 3,723 5,077 4,559 2.6 3.5 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private.......................................................... 3,380 4,668 4,139 2.8 3.8 3.4
Mining and logging............................................... 16 36 25 1.8 3.7 2.7
Construction....................................................... 122 147 115 2.0 2.3 1.8
Manufacturing..................................................... 259 289 289 2.1 2.3 2.3
Durable goods.................................................. 153 177 172 2.0 2.2 2.2
Nondurable goods............................................. 106 111 117 2.3 2.4 2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 697 906 794 2.6 3.3 2.8
Wholesale trade................................................ 145 167 168 2.4 2.7 2.8
Retail trade..................................................... 387 540 458 2.4 3.4 2.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 166 199 168 3.1 3.6 3.1
Information........................................................ 127 91 106 4.5 3.3 3.8
Financial activities................................................ 188 354 314 2.3 4.2 3.8
Finance and insurance........................................ 153 286 254 2.5 4.6 4.1
Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 35 68 60 1.7 3.2 2.9
Professional and business services............................ 725 1,045 1,029 3.7 5.1 5.0
Education and health services.................................. 640 892 769 2.9 3.9 3.4
Educational services.......................................... 67 92 82 1.8 2.5 2.2
Health care and social assistance........................... 573 799 687 3.1 4.2 3.6
Leisure and hospitality........................................... 486 720 558 3.3 4.7 3.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 75 57 35 3.8 2.7 1.8
Accommodation and food services.......................... 412 663 523 3.3 5.0 4.0
Other services.................................................... 119 188 137 2.1 3.3 2.4
Government.......................................................... 344 409 420 1.5 1.8 1.8
Federal............................................................. 52 56 49 1.9 2.0 1.8
State and local.................................................... 292 353 371 1.5 1.8 1.8
REGION3
Northeast............................................................. 624 834 725 2.3 3.1 2.7
South................................................................. 1,329 1,952 1,684 2.6 3.7 3.2
Midwest............................................................... 882 1,115 1,078 2.7 3.4 3.3
West.................................................................. 887 1,176 1,071 2.8 3.6 3.3
1
Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2
The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
3
p Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1
Industry and region
Nov.
2013
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Nov.
2013
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Total..................................................................... 4,165 5,415 4,575 3.0 3.8 3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.......................................................... 3,945 5,136 4,342 3.4 4.3 3.7
Construction....................................................... 218 325 227 3.6 5.1 3.6
Manufacturing..................................................... 219 281 212 1.8 2.3 1.7
Durable goods.................................................. 124 168 129 1.6 2.2 1.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,250 1,370 1,377 4.7 5.1 5.1
Wholesale trade................................................ 88 164 113 1.5 2.8 1.9
Retail trade..................................................... 907 978 1,020 5.8 6.3 6.4
Information........................................................ 66 87 64 2.4 3.2 2.4
Professional and business services............................ 859 1,180 911 4.5 6.0 4.6
Other services.................................................... 131 182 157 2.4 3.3 2.8
Government.......................................................... 221 278 233 1.0 1.2 1.0
Federal............................................................. 37 27 42 1.3 1.0 1.6
State and local.................................................... 184 251 190 0.9 1.3 1.0
REGION3
Northeast............................................................. 617 801 714 2.4 3.0 2.7
South................................................................. 1,664 2,170 1,794 3.3 4.2 3.5
Midwest............................................................... 917 1,205 1,124 2.9 3.8 3.5
West.................................................................. 967 1,238 943 3.1 3.9 3.0
1
Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2
The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
p Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1
Industry and region
Nov.
2013
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Nov.
2013
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Total..................................................................... 3,798 5,044 4,065 2.7 3.6 2.9
INDUSTRY
Total private.......................................................... 3,608 4,792 3,863 3.1 4.0 3.2
Construction....................................................... 294 354 308 4.9 5.6 4.9
Manufacturing..................................................... 198 276 198 1.6 2.3 1.6
Durable goods.................................................. 106 154 114 1.4 2.0 1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 817 1,065 912 3.1 4.0 3.4
Wholesale trade................................................ 96 172 138 1.7 2.9 2.3
Retail trade..................................................... 591 710 634 3.8 4.6 4.0
Information........................................................ 58 84 60 2.2 3.1 2.2
Professional and business services............................ 825 1,103 855 4.3 5.6 4.3
Other services.................................................... 157 185 163 2.9 3.3 2.9
Government.......................................................... 190 252 201 0.9 1.1 0.9
Federal............................................................. 26 34 33 1.0 1.2 1.2
State and local.................................................... 164 218 169 0.8 1.1 0.9
REGION3
Northeast............................................................. 590 828 575 2.3 3.1 2.2
South................................................................. 1,411 1,988 1,557 2.8 3.9 3.0
Midwest............................................................... 869 1,141 1,044 2.8 3.6 3.3
West.................................................................. 927 1,087 889 3.0 3.5 2.8
1
Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2
The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
p Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1
Industry and region
Nov.
2013
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Nov.
2013
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Total..................................................................... 2,017 2,804 2,179 1.5 2.0 1.5
INDUSTRY
Total private.......................................................... 1,931 2,672 2,091 1.7 2.3 1.8
Construction....................................................... 58 120 69 1.0 1.9 1.1
Manufacturing..................................................... 94 136 79 0.8 1.1 0.6
Durable goods.................................................. 50 82 40 0.7 1.1 0.5
Wholesale trade................................................ 51 94 78 0.9 1.6 1.3
Retail trade..................................................... 350 457 393 2.2 3.0 2.5
Information........................................................ 30 53 37 1.1 2.0 1.4
Professional and business services............................ 446 535 382 2.4 2.7 1.9
Other services.................................................... 94 97 99 1.7 1.8 1.8
Government.......................................................... 87 132 87 0.4 0.6 0.4
Federal............................................................. 8 10 10 0.3 0.4 0.4
State and local.................................................... 79 122 78 0.4 0.6 0.4
REGION3
Northeast............................................................. 272 388 291 1.0 1.5 1.1
South................................................................. 831 1,179 927 1.7 2.3 1.8
Midwest............................................................... 464 607 497 1.5 1.9 1.6
West.................................................................. 449 629 464 1.5 2.0 1.5
1
Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2
The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
p Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1
Industry and region
Nov.
2013
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Nov.
2013
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Total..................................................................... 1,508 1,877 1,583 1.1 1.3 1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private.......................................................... 1,447 1,803 1,508 1.2 1.5 1.3
Construction....................................................... 229 209 221 3.8 3.3 3.6
Manufacturing..................................................... 90 114 108 0.7 0.9 0.9
Durable goods.................................................. 48 56 68 0.6 0.7 0.9
Wholesale trade................................................ 39 56 53 0.7 0.9 0.9
Retail trade..................................................... 190 184 177 1.2 1.2 1.1
Information........................................................ 20 26 18 0.7 1.0 0.7
Other services.................................................... 59 73 61 1.1 1.3 1.1
Government.......................................................... 61 74 75 0.3 0.3 0.3
Federal............................................................. 10 14 13 0.4 0.5 0.5
State and local.................................................... 51 60 62 0.3 0.3 0.3
REGION3
Northeast............................................................. 274 369 248 1.1 1.4 0.9
South................................................................. 487 647 518 1.0 1.3 1.0
Midwest............................................................... 341 480 475 1.1 1.5 1.5
West.................................................................. 406 381 343 1.3 1.2 1.1
1
Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2
The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
p Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1
Industry and region
Nov.
2013
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Nov.
2013
Oct.
2014
Nov.
2014p
Total..................................................................... 273 363 303 0.2 0.3 0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.......................................................... 230 317 264 0.2 0.3 0.2
Construction....................................................... 6 24 17 0.1 0.4 0.3
Manufacturing..................................................... 15 27 11 0.1 0.2 0.1
Durable goods.................................................. 8 17 6 0.1 0.2 0.1
Wholesale trade................................................ 6 22 7 0.1 0.4 0.1
Retail trade..................................................... 51 69 64 0.3 0.4 0.4
Information........................................................ 9 4 4 0.3 0.2 0.2
Other services.................................................... 4 14 3 0.1 0.3 0.0
Government.......................................................... 42 46 39 0.2 0.2 0.2
Federal............................................................. 8 10 10 0.3 0.4 0.4
State and local.................................................... 34 36 29 0.2 0.2 0.1
REGION3
Northeast............................................................. 43 70 36 0.2 0.3 0.1
South................................................................. 94 163 114 0.2 0.3 0.2
Midwest............................................................... 65 53 71 0.2 0.2 0.2
West.................................................................. 71 77 82 0.2 0.2 0.3
1
Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2
The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
p Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

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