Kiet pv presentation
- 2. WHY SOLAR POWER? • The world is depleting fossil fuel rapidly • Global warming • Renewable energy (PV) • Each day earth receives 174 solar Petawatts • Solar PV price drops rapidly
- 3. OBJECTIVES • View of most common PV systems • Understanding of what are available • Key Design and Installation • Basic sizing calculation • Cost estimate
- 4. 2 COMMON PV SYSTEMS • GRID CONNECTED WITHOUT BATTERY BACKUP • GRID CONNECTED WITH BATTERY BACKUP
- 5. PV ARRAY COMBINER DC SWITCH INVERTER AC SWITCH SWITCH BOARD METERING UTILITY LOADS PV ARRAY COMBINER DC SWITCH INVERTER ATS AC SWITCH METERING UTILITY NORMAL LOADS BATTERY CONT’L COMBINER DC SWITCH BATTERY BANK CRITICAL PANEL CRITICAL LOADS SYSTEM TOPOLOGIES Grid connected without battery backup Grid connected with battery backup SWITCH BOARD
- 6. SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS Without Battery • PV arrays • Combiner • Inverter With Battery • PV arrays • Combiner • Inverter (ATS) • Battery control • Battery bank • Critical Panel
- 7. SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS • GRID CONNECTED WITH BATTERY BACKUP – Critical loads must be known a priory to size battery (Which loads? How critical? How long?) – Battery provide limited coverage period – System complex and expensive • GRID CONNECTED WITHOUT BATTERY – Much common and most cost effective – Shaving Peak Time – Grid is down, PV system shuts down – Virtual battery
- 8. NOMENCLATURES Cells Semiconductor device that converts sunlight to DC current (0.5 volt). It is the building block of the PV system. Module A group of cells packed together in a safe environment with easy connection and produce useful voltage and current. Panels Include more PV modules assembled as a pre-wired, field-installable unit. Arrays Is a complete power-generating unit, consisting any number of PV modules and panels
- 9. PV HISTORY • 1839 – French scientist (Edmond Bacquerel) discovers PV effect. • 1923 – Albert Einstein received the Nobel Prize for his photovoltaic theories. • 1954 – Bell lab report 6% efficient of silicon cell • 1958 – Vanguard I use solar power and it last 7 years. • 1976 – Development of polycrystalline cell. • 1980 – Introduction of Amorphous cells in the market. • 1990 – Introduction of multilayer of thin film technology • 2007 – world wide PV capacity reaches 2.8 GW
- 10. FACTS • Solar cell material: Semiconductor Silicon • Effective Spectrum: 0.3-0.6 micron • Solar cell life: 20 years + • Inverter life: 5 years • Battery life: 5 years • PV Efficiency: 14% (ideal), 10% (normal) • Solar irradiance: 1000W/m2 (Standard Test Condition) • PV panel (Thumb rules): 100W/m2, 10W/ft2 • Daily sun light: 4-10 hr per day (Win thru Su ) • Panel weight: 3-4 lbs/ft2
- 11. SOLAR INSOLATION MAP Yearly Average of Daily Sunshine in kW-hr
- 12. SOLAR CELL & PV MODULE
- 13. SIZING EXAMPLE • Requirement: 10 KW System • Size of PV = 10000 W/(100 W/m2) = 100 m2 • Add 20% loss for wiring, inverter, dirty panel 100 m2 * 1.2 = 120 m2 • Working space- add 20%
- 14. SPREAD SHEET
- 15. SPREADSHEET
- 16. SPREAD SHEET
- 17. INSTALLATION • Tilt angle facing South – Flat mounted: lost up to 25% in efficiency – Improves efficiency – Tilt angle = Latitude ± Earth axis tilt (15 Deg) – Improves cooling convection – Cleaner surface (water & dirt runs off by gravity) • Mount PV panels with standoff above existing structure for cooling • No shading or shadowing
- 18. PV LARGE SYSTEM
- 19. PV LARGE SYSTEM
- 20. PV SYSTEM
- 21. PV SYSTEM
- 22. PV SYSTEM
- 23. SOLAR TRACKER • Advantage: – Best Efficiency: 25-40% with single axis. – Single and dual axes – When real estate and weight are at premium – 1st application in Spacecraft such as satellites • Disadvantage: – High initial cost – Maintenance cost
- 24. SOLAR TRACKER
- 25. SOLAR TRACKER
- 26. YOUR SYSTEM • Grid connected • Purpose: Power peak shaving • 3-phase system (vs residential 1-phase) • Fixed mount (no solar tracker) • No battery backup • During outage, the PV system shutdowns
- 27. DISCUSSION • Solar irradiance is 4-6 times higher in Summer than Winter (longer days & rays) • Optimize the PV system for the Summer (non tracker system) • Tilt angle: (32 – 15) degree (San Diego) facing south (summer optimized) • Baseline level control • Conservation 1st & Life Style • Mixing modules in series is a no!