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The Progress of BIBFRAME, by Angela Kroeger

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The document discusses the development and implementation of BIBFRAME, a data model designed to enhance bibliographic records for the semantic web by restructuring resource descriptions into a more machine-readable format. It outlines the timeline of BIBFRAME from its public release in 2012 through ongoing projects, including collaborative efforts from libraries and software developers. Furthermore, it examines the potential advantages of BIBFRAME, including improved data interchange, linked data applications, and compatibility with existing cataloging standards.

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THE PROGRESS OF BIBFRAME Angela Kroeger Archives and Special Collections Associate Dr. C.C. and Mabel L. Criss Library University of Nebraska at Omaha OLAC-MOUG 2014 "A/V Cataloging at the Crossroads" October 23-26, 2014 Kansas City, Missouri
Please interrupt me!  Comments, questions, and discussions are welcome and encouraged at any time
What is BIBFRAME?  Breaks apart the bibliographic record  Resources are described with an assembly of metadata pieces which can be mixed and matched as needed  The relationships between these pieces pulls them together into a coherent display for the end user
BIBFRAME Development  2012 – Data model released to public  2013 – Early experimenters  Vocabulary testing, transformation tools  2014 – Implementation Testbed  Stable RDF vocabulary, refined transformation, draft specifications, input tools  2015 (planned) – Pilot project  Profile creation and editing, search and display
Software Coming Soon Tools have been made/are being made/will be made by  Library of Congress  Zepheira  Traditional ILS vendors  Individual libraries  e.g.: Stanford, Cornell, and Harvard Universities are working on a suite of open source software tools Source: Wiggins, Beacher J.E., Sally Hart McCallum, Kevin Ford, Phil E. Schreur, and Andrea Leigh. "Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME) Update Forum, June 2014." Presentation by the Library of Congress, June 29, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=6323
Bibliographic Exchange Environment  BIBFRAME is a data model for resource description  Just one small piece of the bibliographic information exchange environment, which also includes:  Content standards  Input standards  Interchange methodologies  Trust/provenance frameworks  Policies  Fiscal incentives  Much more
Why is it needed?  MARC is not suitable for the Semantic Web  Text strings are difficult for machines to interpret  RDA and FRBR are designed to work with a linked data system  Each element contains only one piece of information and one type of information ("atomistic")
OLAC Work-Centric Moving Image Discovery Interface Prototype (2008) http://olac-demo.herokuapp.com/  Extracted machine-understandable, machine-actionable data from MARC records to identify FRBR Works  Found data scattered over several different text MARC fields, with variant forms and spellings Source: McGrath, Kelley, and Lynne Bisko. "Identifying FRBR Work-Level Data in MARC Bibliographic Records for Manifestations of Moving Images." code4lib Journal 5 (December 15, 2008). http://journal.code4lib.org/articles/775
The Progress of BIBFRAME, by Angela Kroeger
Linked Data  Structured data for the Semantic Web  Term "linked data" coined by Tim Berners-Lee in 2006  Linked data concepts date back to the 1960s, with early systems that included  Hierarchical views  Relationships between terms  Rudimentary hyperlinks
How library data could look in Google search results Now: In a fully-realized BIBFRAME environment: Images created by Kevin Ford. Appeared in: Frank, Paul. "BIBFRAME: Why? What? Who?" Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., May 1, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/pcc/bibframe/BIBFRAME%20paper%2020140501.docx
No Library Data in Google's Knowledge Graph. Could BIBFRAME Change That?
Linked Data Triples RDF subject—predicate—object FRBR entity—relationship—attribute BIBFRAME resource—relationship—property
"The Missouri-Kansas Conflict: Civil War on the Western Border" http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.or g/content/relationship-viewer  Site designed with FRBR, RDA, BIBFRAME, and Drupal  Relationship viewer shows data triples in action Source: Enis, Matt. "Putting the Pieces Together: Library Systems Landscape." The Digital Shift (April 10, 2014). http://www.thedigitalshift.com/2014/04/ils/putting-pieces-together- library-systems-landscape/
BIBFRAME Linked Data Possibilities  One-click reciprocal linking?  Elements added by non-library organizations and patrons?  Resolution to the latest-entry versus successive-entry debate for serials?  Better collaborative, distributed cataloging?
MARC/XML vs. BIBFRAME RDF/XML Author of a book, expressed in MARC/XML: The same author, expressed in BIBFRAME RDF/XML: Example: BIBID 4541231 (The literature of the ancient Egyptians) BIBFRAME Comparison Tool:
BIBFRAME Core Classes  Creative Work  Properties applicable to all editions and formats  Instance  Properties specific to one edition or format  Authority  Agent, place, temporal, or topic  Annotation  Summaries, reviews, holding information, etc.
BIBFRAME Model Source: United States Library of Congress & Zepheira. BIBFRAME.ORG Technical Site. Website for the Bibliographic Framework Initiative project, accessed August 15, 2014. http://bibframe.org/
Composite screen shot from: http://bibframe.org/vocab/Work.html
Composite screen shot from: http://bibframe.org/documentation/resource-types/
Composite screen shot from: http://bibframe.org/vocab/Instance.html
Screen shot from: http://bibframe.org/vocab/Instance.html
Composite screen shot from: http://bibframe.org/vocab/Authority.html
Lightweight Abstraction Layer  Can serve as a sort of local authority layer  May connect to controlled vocabularies from many sources  Easy to create a new URI for authority concepts lacking existing URIs  Linkback to notify the Library of Congress of a proposed new authority
Composite screen shot from: http://bibframe.org/vocab/Annotation.html
Holdings Information  HeldMaterial is a subclass of Annotation  Properties apply to every copy of an Instance owned by the library  HeldItem is a subclass of HeldMaterial  Unique, copy-specific information  Here is the FRBR Item entity, an annotation of an annotation in BIBFRAME
Is it bad that BIBFRAME doesn't strictly follow RDA/FRBR?  Strict adherence to FRBR's Work-Expression hierarchy can be problematic  "Work" means different things to different communities  FRBR isn't optimal for audiovisual resources, for which work and primary expression are not easily separable  FRBR isn't optimal for serials, which must be described at journal level and article level
Development Path of Linked Open Data in Libraries, Archives, and Museums  Phase 1: define specifications, data models, focus on metadata quality (example: BIBFRAME)  Phase 2: aggregate resources, harmonize, distribution, implement user services (ex: DPLA)  Phase 3: increase scale, wider distribution, enhanced data models, merge into commercial or open-source info sector (ex: Europeana)  Phase 4? No one is there yet. Source: Mitchell, Erik T. "Three Case Studies in Linked Open Data." Library Technology Reports 49, no. 5 (July 2013): 26-43.
BIBFRAME and Schema.org  Not rivals, but complements  Schema.org extension vocabulary by OCLC and W3C Schema Bib Extend Community Group  OCLC working to align their Schema.org vocabulary with BIBFRAME  Schema.org for discovery  BIBFRAME for curation and management Source: Godby, Carol Jean. "The Relationship Between BIBFRAME and OCLC's Linked-Data Model of Bibliographic Description: A Working Paper." Working paper, OCLC, Dublin, Ohio, September 2013. http://oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/library/2013/2013-05.pdf
BIBFRAME AV Modeling Study  Comparative analysis of FRBR, RDA, OLAC Moving Image Work-Level Records Task Force Recommendations, and many other standards  No existing content model met all needs, but most met some  "BIBFRAME . . . has the potential to offer a logical but flexible data model, and a strong core set of vocabularies that are extensible as Sourcne:eeded." Van Malssen, Kara, with Caitlin Hunter and Andrea Leigh. "BIBFRAME AV Modeling Study: Defining a Flexible Model for Description of Audiovisual Resources." Model analysis, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., May 15, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/bibframe-avmodelingstudy-may15-2014.pdf
BIBFRAME AV Modeling Study  Common needs of LC's MBRS Moving Image Section and Recorded Sound Section:  Option for event-centric content  Collections of different types of content  MBRS Content Creation Domain Model Work or Event  Instance created via Affix Process Source: Van Malssen, Kara, with Caitlin Hunter and Andrea Leigh. "BIBFRAME AV Modeling Study: Defining a Flexible Model for Description of Audiovisual Resources." Model analysis, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., May 15, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/bibframe-avmodelingstudy-may15-2014.pdf
AV Modeling Study: Content Data Description Model Source: Van Malssen, Kara, with Caitlin Hunter and Andrea Leigh. "BIBFRAME AV Modeling Study: Defining a Flexible Model for Description of Audiovisual Resources." Model analysis, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., May 15, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/bibframe-avmodelingstudy-may15-2014.pdf
BIBFRAME AV Modeling Study Recommendations include:  Add bf:Event as an optional core class  Superclass bf:Content encompassing bf:Work and bf:Event  Clarify multiple types for bf:Work and bf:Instance  Technical metadata for preservation  Sequencing Source: Van Malssen, Kara, with Caitlin Hunter and Andrea Leigh. "BIBFRAME AV Modeling Study: Defining a Flexible Model for Description of Audiovisual Resources." Model analysis, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., May 15, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/bibframe-avmodelingstudy-may15-2014.pdf
Two Official BIBFRAME Websites Bibliographic Framework Initiative http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/ General information, reports, webcasts, etc. BIBFRAME.ORG Technical Site http://bibframe.org/ Vocabulary and tools
Demonstrations http://bibframe.org/demos/ Sample collections from the early experimenters
Test Suite Harness http://bibframe.org/tools/tests/ Potential solutions for specific challenges
MARC to BIBFRAME Comparison Service http://bibframe.org/tools/compare/ Enter a Library of Congress BIBID to see MARC/XML and BIBFRAME for same record
MARC to BIBFRAME Transformation Service http://bibframe.org/tools/transform/start Sample MARC/XML records available on the Library of Congress website: http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/Sandburg/sandburg.xml http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/xml/collection.xml
MarcEdit by Terry Reese http://marcedit.reeset.net/ MARCNext includes BibFrame Testbed Convert a source file of MARC records to BIBFRAME RDF/XML
BIBFRAME Editor http://bibframe.org/tools/editor/ Code written in JavaScript to work on any browser
BIBFRAME Scribe http://editor.bibframe.zepheira.com/stati c/ Zepheira's prototype BIBFRAME editor
Libhub Initiative http://www.libhub.org/  Zepheira's new BIBFRAME project  To publish bibliographic records from participant libraries as BIBFRAME resources  To track visibility of those resources in search engines  To adjust linking and publishing to improve said visibility in search engines
The Progress of BIBFRAME, by Angela Kroeger
Bibliography (page 1 of 3) Adamich, Tom. "BIBFRAME Redux: Update on the BIBFRAME Project." Technicalities 34, no. 4 (July/August 2014): 7-12. Adamich, Tom. "Making and Managing Metadata: BIBFRAME: The MARC Evolution and the Discovery Catalog." Technicalities 33, no. 3 (May/June 2013): 9-11. Adamich, Tom. "Making and Managing Metadata: BIBFRAME: The New MARC." Technicalities 33, no. 2 (March/April 2013): 7-10. Carpenter, Todd. "Charting a Course through a New Exchange Environment: The NISO Bibliographic Roadmap Initiative." Information Standards Quarterly 25, no. 4 (Winter 2013): 33-34. Coyle, Karen. "Philosophical Musings: The Work." Coyle's InFormation (September 11, 2014). http://kcoyle.blogspot.com/2014/09/philosophical-musings-work.html de Groat, Greta. "Cataloger Scenarios: Scenario 4: Complex DVD Versions, or, Reality Bites." Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Wiki. Accessed August 1, 2014. http://wiki.dublincore.org/index.php/Cataloger_Scenarios Dean, Jason W. "Charles A. Cutter and Edward Tufte: Coming to a Library Near You, Via BIBFRAME." In the Library with the Lead Pipe (blog). December 4, 2013. http://www.inthelibrarywiththeleadpipe.org/2013/charles-a-cutter-and-edward-tufte-coming-to-a- library-near-you-via-bibframe/ Denenberg, Ray, ed. "BIBFRAME annotation model." Discussion paper, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., August 26, 2013. http://bibframe.org/documentation/annotations/ Enis, Matt. "Putting the Pieces Together: Library Systems Landscape." The Digital Shift (April 10, 2014). http://www.thedigitalshift.com/2014/04/ils/putting-pieces-together-library-systems-landscape/ Fallgren, Nancy, Michael Lauruhn, Regina Romano Reynolds, and Laurie Kaplan. "The Missing Link: The Evolving Current State of Linked Data for Serials. The Serials Librarian 66, no. 1-4 (Jan.-June 2014): 123-138. doi:10.1080/0361526X.2014.879690. Ford, Kevin. "BIBFRAME: Not Just Walking, But Running." Information Standards Quarterly 25 no. 4 (Winter 2013). http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/download.php/11947/BIBFRAME_isqv25no4.pdf Ford, Kevin. "The BIBFRAME Model: High-Level Concepts and Objectives." Webinar #1 presented to the University of Wisconsin- Madison School of Library and Information Studies, November 6, 2013. http://www.slis.wisc.edu/BFwebin.htm Ford, Kevin. "Transitioning from MARC to BIBFRAME: The Environment and the Format." Webinar #2 presented to the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Library and Information Studies, January 8, 2014. http://www.slis.wisc.edu/BFwebin.htm Ford, Kevin, and Ted Fons, eds. "On BIBFRAME Authority." Discussion paper, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., August 15, 2013. http://bibframe.org/documentation/bibframe-authority/ Frank, Paul. "BIBFRAME: Why? What? Who?" Paper written for the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., May 1, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/pcc/bibframe/BIBFRAME%20paper%2020140501.docx
Bibliography (page 2 of 3) Godby, Carol Jean. "The Relationship Between BIBFRAME and OCLC's Linked-Data Model of Bibliographic Description: A Working Paper." Working paper, OCLC, Dublin, Ohio, September 2013. http://oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/library/2013/2013-05.pdf Guenther, Rebecca, ed. "BIBFRAME Resource Types Discussion Paper." Discussion paper, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., June 25, 2013. http://bibframe.org/documentation/resource-types/ Kroeger, Angela. "The Road to BIBFRAME: The Evolution of the Idea of Bibliographic Transition into a Post-MARC Future." Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 51, no. 8 (2013): 873-890. doi:10.1080/01639374.2013.823584. Kroeger, Angela. "The Buzz about BIBFRAME." Presentation at the Amigos Online Conference Is RDA on Your RaDAr? February 20, 2014. http://www.slideshare.net/akroeger/a-kroeger-buzzaboutbibframe McGrath, Kelley. "Thoughts on FRBR and Moving Images." Presentation at the FRBR Interest Group at ALA Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV, June 27, 2014. http://connect.ala.org/node/227499 McGrath, Kelley. "Will RDA Kill MARC?" Presentation at the MARC Formats Interest Group Meeting ALA Midwinter, San Diego, CA, January 11, 2011. http://connect.ala.org/node/130833 McGrath, Kelley, and Lynne Bisko. "Identifying FRBR Work-Level Data in MARC Bibliographic Records for Manifestations of Moving Images." code4lib Journal 5 (December 15, 2008). http://journal.code4lib.org/articles/775 Miller, Eric. "Translating the Library Catalog from MARC into Linked Data: An Update on the Bibliographic Framework Initiative." Presentation in NISO/DCMI Joint Webinar Series, January 23, 2013. www.niso.org/news/events/2013/dcmi/bibframework Miller, Eric, Uche Ogbuji, Victoria Mueller, and Kathy MacDougall. Bibliographic Framework as a Web of Data: Linked Data Model and Supporting Services (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 2012). http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/marcld-report-11-21- 2012.pdf Miller, Eric, Victoria Mueller, Uche Ogbuji, Kathy MacDougall, and Zepheira, eds. "BIBFRAME Use Cases and Requirements." Discussion paper, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., August 21, 2013. http://bibframe.org/documentation/bibframe-usecases/ Mitchell, Erik T. "Three Case Studies in Linked Open Data." Library Technology Reports 49, no. 5 (July 2013): 26-43. Nimsakont, Emily Dust. "Beyond MARC: BIBFRAME and the Future of Bibliographic Data." NCompass Live. Webinar presented by the Nebraska Library Commission, January 2, 2014. http://nlc.nebraska.gov/scripts/calendar/eventshow.asp?ProgID=12856 Nimsakont, Emily Dust. "Metadata Manipulation: Using MarcEdit and Open Refine to Enhance Technical Services Workflows." Presentation at the Nebraska Library Association/Nebraska School Librarians Association Annual Conference, South Sioux City, Nebraska, October 9, 2014. http://nebraskalibraries.org/conference2014/wp-content/ uploads/sites/7/2014/10/Metadata_Manipulation.pdf
Bibliography (page 3 of 3) Reese, Terry. MarcEdit. Software version 6.0.5392.29091 for Windows. October 6, 2014. http://marcedit.reeset.net/downloads Richardson, John. "Zepheira introduces Libhub Initiative focused on increasing Web visibility of libraries." Zepheira (blog). September 2, 2014. http://zepheira.com/news/pr20140902/ Riemer, John J. "The Prospects of BIBFRAME: If Data Elements Replace Records as the Coinage of the Metadata Realm." Technicalities 34, no. 3 (May/June 2014): 1, 6-9. Shieh, Jackie. "A Transformative Opportunity: BIBFRAME at the George Washington University, an Early Experimenter." Information Standards Quarterly 25 no. 4 (Winter 2013): 17-21. http://www.niso.org/publications/isq/2013/v25no4/shieh/ United States Library of Congress & Zepheira. BIBFRAME Test Suite Harness. Accessed July 31, 2014. http://bibframe.org/tools/tests/ United States Library of Congress & Zepheira. BIBFRAME.ORG Technical Site. Website for the Bibliographic Framework Initiative project, accessed August 15, 2014. http://bibframe.org/ University of California, Davis, University Library and Zepheira, LLC. "BIBFLOW: An IMLS Project of the UC Davis Library and Zepheira." BIBFLOW. http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/bibflow/about/ van Ballegooie, Marlene, and Juliya Borie. "From Record-Bound to Boundless: FRBR, Linked Data, and New Possibilities for Serials Cataloging." The Serials Librarian 66, no. 1-4 (Jan.-June 2014): 76-87. doi:10.1080/0361526X.2014.879527. Van Malssen, Kara, with Caitlin Hunter and Andrea Leigh. "BIBFRAME AV Modeling Study: Defining a Flexible Model for Description of Audiovisual Resources." Model analysis, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., May 15, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/bibframe-avmodelingstudy-may15-2014.pdf Wiggins, Beacher J.E., Sally Hart McCallum, Kevin Ford, Phil E. Schreur, and Andrea Leigh. "Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME) Update Forum, June 2014." Presentation by the Library of Congress, June 29, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=6323 Wiggins, Beacher J.E., Sally Hart McCallum, Reinhold Heuvelmann, Jackie Shieh, and Eric Miller. "Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME) Update." Presentation by the Library of Congress, January 26, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/media/updateforum-jan26-2014.html Wiggins, Beacher J.E., Sally Hart McCallum, Vinod Chachra, and Eric Miller. "Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME) Update." Presentation by the Library of Congress, November 22, 2013. http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/media/updateforum-nov22- 2013.html Yee, Martha M. "Can Bibliographic Data Be Put Directly onto the Semantic Web?" Information Technology & Libraries 28, no. 2 (June 2009): 55-80. doi:10.6017/ital.v28i2.3175. Zepheira. BIBFRAME Scribe. Website for prototype BIBFRAME editor software, accessed August 22, 2014.
Thank You! Q&A and Discussion Contact: Angela Kroeger akroeger@unomaha.edu Archives and Special Collections Associate Dr. C.C. and Mabel L. Criss Library University of Nebraska at Omaha (402) 554-4159

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The Progress of BIBFRAME, by Angela Kroeger

  • 1. THE PROGRESS OF BIBFRAME Angela Kroeger Archives and Special Collections Associate Dr. C.C. and Mabel L. Criss Library University of Nebraska at Omaha OLAC-MOUG 2014 "A/V Cataloging at the Crossroads" October 23-26, 2014 Kansas City, Missouri
  • 2. Please interrupt me!  Comments, questions, and discussions are welcome and encouraged at any time
  • 3. What is BIBFRAME?  Breaks apart the bibliographic record  Resources are described with an assembly of metadata pieces which can be mixed and matched as needed  The relationships between these pieces pulls them together into a coherent display for the end user
  • 4. BIBFRAME Development  2012 – Data model released to public  2013 – Early experimenters  Vocabulary testing, transformation tools  2014 – Implementation Testbed  Stable RDF vocabulary, refined transformation, draft specifications, input tools  2015 (planned) – Pilot project  Profile creation and editing, search and display
  • 5. Software Coming Soon Tools have been made/are being made/will be made by  Library of Congress  Zepheira  Traditional ILS vendors  Individual libraries  e.g.: Stanford, Cornell, and Harvard Universities are working on a suite of open source software tools Source: Wiggins, Beacher J.E., Sally Hart McCallum, Kevin Ford, Phil E. Schreur, and Andrea Leigh. "Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME) Update Forum, June 2014." Presentation by the Library of Congress, June 29, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=6323
  • 6. Bibliographic Exchange Environment  BIBFRAME is a data model for resource description  Just one small piece of the bibliographic information exchange environment, which also includes:  Content standards  Input standards  Interchange methodologies  Trust/provenance frameworks  Policies  Fiscal incentives  Much more
  • 7. Why is it needed?  MARC is not suitable for the Semantic Web  Text strings are difficult for machines to interpret  RDA and FRBR are designed to work with a linked data system  Each element contains only one piece of information and one type of information ("atomistic")
  • 8. OLAC Work-Centric Moving Image Discovery Interface Prototype (2008) http://olac-demo.herokuapp.com/  Extracted machine-understandable, machine-actionable data from MARC records to identify FRBR Works  Found data scattered over several different text MARC fields, with variant forms and spellings Source: McGrath, Kelley, and Lynne Bisko. "Identifying FRBR Work-Level Data in MARC Bibliographic Records for Manifestations of Moving Images." code4lib Journal 5 (December 15, 2008). http://journal.code4lib.org/articles/775
  • 10. Linked Data  Structured data for the Semantic Web  Term "linked data" coined by Tim Berners-Lee in 2006  Linked data concepts date back to the 1960s, with early systems that included  Hierarchical views  Relationships between terms  Rudimentary hyperlinks
  • 11. How library data could look in Google search results Now: In a fully-realized BIBFRAME environment: Images created by Kevin Ford. Appeared in: Frank, Paul. "BIBFRAME: Why? What? Who?" Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., May 1, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/pcc/bibframe/BIBFRAME%20paper%2020140501.docx
  • 12. No Library Data in Google's Knowledge Graph. Could BIBFRAME Change That?
  • 13. Linked Data Triples RDF subject—predicate—object FRBR entity—relationship—attribute BIBFRAME resource—relationship—property
  • 14. "The Missouri-Kansas Conflict: Civil War on the Western Border" http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.or g/content/relationship-viewer  Site designed with FRBR, RDA, BIBFRAME, and Drupal  Relationship viewer shows data triples in action Source: Enis, Matt. "Putting the Pieces Together: Library Systems Landscape." The Digital Shift (April 10, 2014). http://www.thedigitalshift.com/2014/04/ils/putting-pieces-together- library-systems-landscape/
  • 15. BIBFRAME Linked Data Possibilities  One-click reciprocal linking?  Elements added by non-library organizations and patrons?  Resolution to the latest-entry versus successive-entry debate for serials?  Better collaborative, distributed cataloging?
  • 16. MARC/XML vs. BIBFRAME RDF/XML Author of a book, expressed in MARC/XML: The same author, expressed in BIBFRAME RDF/XML: Example: BIBID 4541231 (The literature of the ancient Egyptians) BIBFRAME Comparison Tool:
  • 17. BIBFRAME Core Classes  Creative Work  Properties applicable to all editions and formats  Instance  Properties specific to one edition or format  Authority  Agent, place, temporal, or topic  Annotation  Summaries, reviews, holding information, etc.
  • 18. BIBFRAME Model Source: United States Library of Congress & Zepheira. BIBFRAME.ORG Technical Site. Website for the Bibliographic Framework Initiative project, accessed August 15, 2014. http://bibframe.org/
  • 19. Composite screen shot from: http://bibframe.org/vocab/Work.html
  • 20. Composite screen shot from: http://bibframe.org/documentation/resource-types/
  • 21. Composite screen shot from: http://bibframe.org/vocab/Instance.html
  • 22. Screen shot from: http://bibframe.org/vocab/Instance.html
  • 23. Composite screen shot from: http://bibframe.org/vocab/Authority.html
  • 24. Lightweight Abstraction Layer  Can serve as a sort of local authority layer  May connect to controlled vocabularies from many sources  Easy to create a new URI for authority concepts lacking existing URIs  Linkback to notify the Library of Congress of a proposed new authority
  • 25. Composite screen shot from: http://bibframe.org/vocab/Annotation.html
  • 26. Holdings Information  HeldMaterial is a subclass of Annotation  Properties apply to every copy of an Instance owned by the library  HeldItem is a subclass of HeldMaterial  Unique, copy-specific information  Here is the FRBR Item entity, an annotation of an annotation in BIBFRAME
  • 27. Is it bad that BIBFRAME doesn't strictly follow RDA/FRBR?  Strict adherence to FRBR's Work-Expression hierarchy can be problematic  "Work" means different things to different communities  FRBR isn't optimal for audiovisual resources, for which work and primary expression are not easily separable  FRBR isn't optimal for serials, which must be described at journal level and article level
  • 28. Development Path of Linked Open Data in Libraries, Archives, and Museums  Phase 1: define specifications, data models, focus on metadata quality (example: BIBFRAME)  Phase 2: aggregate resources, harmonize, distribution, implement user services (ex: DPLA)  Phase 3: increase scale, wider distribution, enhanced data models, merge into commercial or open-source info sector (ex: Europeana)  Phase 4? No one is there yet. Source: Mitchell, Erik T. "Three Case Studies in Linked Open Data." Library Technology Reports 49, no. 5 (July 2013): 26-43.
  • 29. BIBFRAME and Schema.org  Not rivals, but complements  Schema.org extension vocabulary by OCLC and W3C Schema Bib Extend Community Group  OCLC working to align their Schema.org vocabulary with BIBFRAME  Schema.org for discovery  BIBFRAME for curation and management Source: Godby, Carol Jean. "The Relationship Between BIBFRAME and OCLC's Linked-Data Model of Bibliographic Description: A Working Paper." Working paper, OCLC, Dublin, Ohio, September 2013. http://oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/library/2013/2013-05.pdf
  • 30. BIBFRAME AV Modeling Study  Comparative analysis of FRBR, RDA, OLAC Moving Image Work-Level Records Task Force Recommendations, and many other standards  No existing content model met all needs, but most met some  "BIBFRAME . . . has the potential to offer a logical but flexible data model, and a strong core set of vocabularies that are extensible as Sourcne:eeded." Van Malssen, Kara, with Caitlin Hunter and Andrea Leigh. "BIBFRAME AV Modeling Study: Defining a Flexible Model for Description of Audiovisual Resources." Model analysis, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., May 15, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/bibframe-avmodelingstudy-may15-2014.pdf
  • 31. BIBFRAME AV Modeling Study  Common needs of LC's MBRS Moving Image Section and Recorded Sound Section:  Option for event-centric content  Collections of different types of content  MBRS Content Creation Domain Model Work or Event  Instance created via Affix Process Source: Van Malssen, Kara, with Caitlin Hunter and Andrea Leigh. "BIBFRAME AV Modeling Study: Defining a Flexible Model for Description of Audiovisual Resources." Model analysis, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., May 15, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/bibframe-avmodelingstudy-may15-2014.pdf
  • 32. AV Modeling Study: Content Data Description Model Source: Van Malssen, Kara, with Caitlin Hunter and Andrea Leigh. "BIBFRAME AV Modeling Study: Defining a Flexible Model for Description of Audiovisual Resources." Model analysis, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., May 15, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/bibframe-avmodelingstudy-may15-2014.pdf
  • 33. BIBFRAME AV Modeling Study Recommendations include:  Add bf:Event as an optional core class  Superclass bf:Content encompassing bf:Work and bf:Event  Clarify multiple types for bf:Work and bf:Instance  Technical metadata for preservation  Sequencing Source: Van Malssen, Kara, with Caitlin Hunter and Andrea Leigh. "BIBFRAME AV Modeling Study: Defining a Flexible Model for Description of Audiovisual Resources." Model analysis, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., May 15, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/bibframe-avmodelingstudy-may15-2014.pdf
  • 34. Two Official BIBFRAME Websites Bibliographic Framework Initiative http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/ General information, reports, webcasts, etc. BIBFRAME.ORG Technical Site http://bibframe.org/ Vocabulary and tools
  • 36. Test Suite Harness http://bibframe.org/tools/tests/ Potential solutions for specific challenges
  • 37. MARC to BIBFRAME Comparison Service http://bibframe.org/tools/compare/ Enter a Library of Congress BIBID to see MARC/XML and BIBFRAME for same record
  • 38. MARC to BIBFRAME Transformation Service http://bibframe.org/tools/transform/start Sample MARC/XML records available on the Library of Congress website: http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/Sandburg/sandburg.xml http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/xml/collection.xml
  • 39. MarcEdit by Terry Reese http://marcedit.reeset.net/ MARCNext includes BibFrame Testbed Convert a source file of MARC records to BIBFRAME RDF/XML
  • 42. Libhub Initiative http://www.libhub.org/  Zepheira's new BIBFRAME project  To publish bibliographic records from participant libraries as BIBFRAME resources  To track visibility of those resources in search engines  To adjust linking and publishing to improve said visibility in search engines
  • 44. Bibliography (page 1 of 3) Adamich, Tom. "BIBFRAME Redux: Update on the BIBFRAME Project." Technicalities 34, no. 4 (July/August 2014): 7-12. Adamich, Tom. "Making and Managing Metadata: BIBFRAME: The MARC Evolution and the Discovery Catalog." Technicalities 33, no. 3 (May/June 2013): 9-11. Adamich, Tom. "Making and Managing Metadata: BIBFRAME: The New MARC." Technicalities 33, no. 2 (March/April 2013): 7-10. Carpenter, Todd. "Charting a Course through a New Exchange Environment: The NISO Bibliographic Roadmap Initiative." Information Standards Quarterly 25, no. 4 (Winter 2013): 33-34. Coyle, Karen. "Philosophical Musings: The Work." Coyle's InFormation (September 11, 2014). http://kcoyle.blogspot.com/2014/09/philosophical-musings-work.html de Groat, Greta. "Cataloger Scenarios: Scenario 4: Complex DVD Versions, or, Reality Bites." Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Wiki. Accessed August 1, 2014. http://wiki.dublincore.org/index.php/Cataloger_Scenarios Dean, Jason W. "Charles A. Cutter and Edward Tufte: Coming to a Library Near You, Via BIBFRAME." In the Library with the Lead Pipe (blog). December 4, 2013. http://www.inthelibrarywiththeleadpipe.org/2013/charles-a-cutter-and-edward-tufte-coming-to-a- library-near-you-via-bibframe/ Denenberg, Ray, ed. "BIBFRAME annotation model." Discussion paper, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., August 26, 2013. http://bibframe.org/documentation/annotations/ Enis, Matt. "Putting the Pieces Together: Library Systems Landscape." The Digital Shift (April 10, 2014). http://www.thedigitalshift.com/2014/04/ils/putting-pieces-together-library-systems-landscape/ Fallgren, Nancy, Michael Lauruhn, Regina Romano Reynolds, and Laurie Kaplan. "The Missing Link: The Evolving Current State of Linked Data for Serials. The Serials Librarian 66, no. 1-4 (Jan.-June 2014): 123-138. doi:10.1080/0361526X.2014.879690. Ford, Kevin. "BIBFRAME: Not Just Walking, But Running." Information Standards Quarterly 25 no. 4 (Winter 2013). http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/download.php/11947/BIBFRAME_isqv25no4.pdf Ford, Kevin. "The BIBFRAME Model: High-Level Concepts and Objectives." Webinar #1 presented to the University of Wisconsin- Madison School of Library and Information Studies, November 6, 2013. http://www.slis.wisc.edu/BFwebin.htm Ford, Kevin. "Transitioning from MARC to BIBFRAME: The Environment and the Format." Webinar #2 presented to the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Library and Information Studies, January 8, 2014. http://www.slis.wisc.edu/BFwebin.htm Ford, Kevin, and Ted Fons, eds. "On BIBFRAME Authority." Discussion paper, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., August 15, 2013. http://bibframe.org/documentation/bibframe-authority/ Frank, Paul. "BIBFRAME: Why? What? Who?" Paper written for the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., May 1, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/pcc/bibframe/BIBFRAME%20paper%2020140501.docx
  • 45. Bibliography (page 2 of 3) Godby, Carol Jean. "The Relationship Between BIBFRAME and OCLC's Linked-Data Model of Bibliographic Description: A Working Paper." Working paper, OCLC, Dublin, Ohio, September 2013. http://oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/library/2013/2013-05.pdf Guenther, Rebecca, ed. "BIBFRAME Resource Types Discussion Paper." Discussion paper, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., June 25, 2013. http://bibframe.org/documentation/resource-types/ Kroeger, Angela. "The Road to BIBFRAME: The Evolution of the Idea of Bibliographic Transition into a Post-MARC Future." Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 51, no. 8 (2013): 873-890. doi:10.1080/01639374.2013.823584. Kroeger, Angela. "The Buzz about BIBFRAME." Presentation at the Amigos Online Conference Is RDA on Your RaDAr? February 20, 2014. http://www.slideshare.net/akroeger/a-kroeger-buzzaboutbibframe McGrath, Kelley. "Thoughts on FRBR and Moving Images." Presentation at the FRBR Interest Group at ALA Annual Conference, Las Vegas, NV, June 27, 2014. http://connect.ala.org/node/227499 McGrath, Kelley. "Will RDA Kill MARC?" Presentation at the MARC Formats Interest Group Meeting ALA Midwinter, San Diego, CA, January 11, 2011. http://connect.ala.org/node/130833 McGrath, Kelley, and Lynne Bisko. "Identifying FRBR Work-Level Data in MARC Bibliographic Records for Manifestations of Moving Images." code4lib Journal 5 (December 15, 2008). http://journal.code4lib.org/articles/775 Miller, Eric. "Translating the Library Catalog from MARC into Linked Data: An Update on the Bibliographic Framework Initiative." Presentation in NISO/DCMI Joint Webinar Series, January 23, 2013. www.niso.org/news/events/2013/dcmi/bibframework Miller, Eric, Uche Ogbuji, Victoria Mueller, and Kathy MacDougall. Bibliographic Framework as a Web of Data: Linked Data Model and Supporting Services (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 2012). http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/marcld-report-11-21- 2012.pdf Miller, Eric, Victoria Mueller, Uche Ogbuji, Kathy MacDougall, and Zepheira, eds. "BIBFRAME Use Cases and Requirements." Discussion paper, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., August 21, 2013. http://bibframe.org/documentation/bibframe-usecases/ Mitchell, Erik T. "Three Case Studies in Linked Open Data." Library Technology Reports 49, no. 5 (July 2013): 26-43. Nimsakont, Emily Dust. "Beyond MARC: BIBFRAME and the Future of Bibliographic Data." NCompass Live. Webinar presented by the Nebraska Library Commission, January 2, 2014. http://nlc.nebraska.gov/scripts/calendar/eventshow.asp?ProgID=12856 Nimsakont, Emily Dust. "Metadata Manipulation: Using MarcEdit and Open Refine to Enhance Technical Services Workflows." Presentation at the Nebraska Library Association/Nebraska School Librarians Association Annual Conference, South Sioux City, Nebraska, October 9, 2014. http://nebraskalibraries.org/conference2014/wp-content/ uploads/sites/7/2014/10/Metadata_Manipulation.pdf
  • 46. Bibliography (page 3 of 3) Reese, Terry. MarcEdit. Software version 6.0.5392.29091 for Windows. October 6, 2014. http://marcedit.reeset.net/downloads Richardson, John. "Zepheira introduces Libhub Initiative focused on increasing Web visibility of libraries." Zepheira (blog). September 2, 2014. http://zepheira.com/news/pr20140902/ Riemer, John J. "The Prospects of BIBFRAME: If Data Elements Replace Records as the Coinage of the Metadata Realm." Technicalities 34, no. 3 (May/June 2014): 1, 6-9. Shieh, Jackie. "A Transformative Opportunity: BIBFRAME at the George Washington University, an Early Experimenter." Information Standards Quarterly 25 no. 4 (Winter 2013): 17-21. http://www.niso.org/publications/isq/2013/v25no4/shieh/ United States Library of Congress & Zepheira. BIBFRAME Test Suite Harness. Accessed July 31, 2014. http://bibframe.org/tools/tests/ United States Library of Congress & Zepheira. BIBFRAME.ORG Technical Site. Website for the Bibliographic Framework Initiative project, accessed August 15, 2014. http://bibframe.org/ University of California, Davis, University Library and Zepheira, LLC. "BIBFLOW: An IMLS Project of the UC Davis Library and Zepheira." BIBFLOW. http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/bibflow/about/ van Ballegooie, Marlene, and Juliya Borie. "From Record-Bound to Boundless: FRBR, Linked Data, and New Possibilities for Serials Cataloging." The Serials Librarian 66, no. 1-4 (Jan.-June 2014): 76-87. doi:10.1080/0361526X.2014.879527. Van Malssen, Kara, with Caitlin Hunter and Andrea Leigh. "BIBFRAME AV Modeling Study: Defining a Flexible Model for Description of Audiovisual Resources." Model analysis, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., May 15, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/bibframe-avmodelingstudy-may15-2014.pdf Wiggins, Beacher J.E., Sally Hart McCallum, Kevin Ford, Phil E. Schreur, and Andrea Leigh. "Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME) Update Forum, June 2014." Presentation by the Library of Congress, June 29, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=6323 Wiggins, Beacher J.E., Sally Hart McCallum, Reinhold Heuvelmann, Jackie Shieh, and Eric Miller. "Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME) Update." Presentation by the Library of Congress, January 26, 2014. http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/media/updateforum-jan26-2014.html Wiggins, Beacher J.E., Sally Hart McCallum, Vinod Chachra, and Eric Miller. "Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME) Update." Presentation by the Library of Congress, November 22, 2013. http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/media/updateforum-nov22- 2013.html Yee, Martha M. "Can Bibliographic Data Be Put Directly onto the Semantic Web?" Information Technology & Libraries 28, no. 2 (June 2009): 55-80. doi:10.6017/ital.v28i2.3175. Zepheira. BIBFRAME Scribe. Website for prototype BIBFRAME editor software, accessed August 22, 2014.
  • 47. Thank You! Q&A and Discussion Contact: Angela Kroeger [email protected] Archives and Special Collections Associate Dr. C.C. and Mabel L. Criss Library University of Nebraska at Omaha (402) 554-4159