Krol, Maarten: COS-OCS: Carbonyl Sulfide, new ways of Observing the Climate System
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This project studies carbonyl sulfide (COS) as a way to observe the climate system. It has received funding from the European Research Council. The project uses inverse modeling and global modeling to understand the global COS budget and exchange with the biosphere, with large uncertainties currently. Measurements of COS and its isotopologues are being made from air samples collected by balloons and AirCore samplers. A balloon flight called HEMERA is planned for 2021 to sample the stratosphere up to 35km. The goals are to better understand the effect of COS on stratospheric sulfate aerosols and its role in tropospheric chemistry and exchange with ecosystems.
![ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean
Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798
4
Method
Inverse modelling locally
Model: CLASS extended with COS
Free troposphere
Mixed layer
Surface layer
Soil
Vegetation layer
Entrainment:
COS, CO2 exchange
Dynamic height
CO2 respiration
Soil COS exchange
Soil COS diffusion,
production and
destruction
COS uptake by
vegetation,
Photosynthesis:
canopy model
Logarithmic
COS, CO2 profiles
Nonlinear model!
[COS], [CO2]
Height
Work in progress: an interpretation framework for biosphere observations
Peter Bosman (WUR)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/krolmartensession12-201117082010/85/Krol-Maarten-COS-OCS-Carbonyl-Sulfide-new-ways-of-Observing-the-Climate-System-4-320.jpg)
Krol, Maarten: COS-OCS: Carbonyl Sulfide, new ways of Observing the Climate System
- 1. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798 COS-OCS: Carbonyl Sulfide, new ways of Observing the Climate System Maarten Krol, Wageningen & Utrecht University ICOS conference, 15-17 September 2020 Elena Popa, Linda Kooijmans, Huilin Chen, Sophie Baartman, Jin Ma, Ara Cho, Peter Bosman 1
- 2. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798 2 COS: New ways of Observing the Climate System equator N-poleS-pole COS CO + S hv flux to stratosphere aerosol deposition tropopause UT-LS exchange SO2 SO4 COS SSA SSA SSA SSA ITCZ O3O3 SO2 20 40 Altitude(km) COS contributes to Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol (SSA)
- 3. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798 equator N-poleS-pole COS CO + S hv flux to stratospheretropopause UT-LS exchange SO2 SO4 COS SSA SSA SSA SSA ITCZ O3O3 20 40 Altitude(km) SO2 COSCO2COS Stratosphere Troposphere CO2 ocean COS COS land biospherefire ? ? ? ? ? COS: New ways of Observing the Climate System Large uncertainties in the global COS budget hamper use as GPP tracer
- 4. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798 4 Method Inverse modelling locally Model: CLASS extended with COS Free troposphere Mixed layer Surface layer Soil Vegetation layer Entrainment: COS, CO2 exchange Dynamic height CO2 respiration Soil COS exchange Soil COS diffusion, production and destruction COS uptake by vegetation, Photosynthesis: canopy model Logarithmic COS, CO2 profiles Nonlinear model! [COS], [CO2] Height Work in progress: an interpretation framework for biosphere observations Peter Bosman (WUR)
- 5. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798 5 Method Inverse modelling locally Simple canopy model -> uptake and exchange for every layer Coupled to CLASS and soil COS model Leaf area density dependent radiation extinction and wind profile Based on MLC-CHEM (Laurens Ganzeveld), Sun et al 2015 (numerics), Jan Goudriaan,… Model: CANOPY MODEL Peter Bosman (WUR) Work in progress: an interpretation framework for biosphere observations
- 7. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798 7 Kuai et al., JGR, 2015 Since then TES has not been used often for COS
- 9. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798 COS feedback on the plant/soil flux 9 Original SIB4: 1053 GgS/yr “Corrected” SIB4: 851 GgS/yr Explains part of the flux adjustments in S1 Ma, J. et al. Inverse modelling of carbonyl sulfide: implementation, evaluation and implications for the global budget. Atmos Chem Phys DIscuss 2020, 1–39 (2020). Poster: Ara Cho
- 10. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798 First Preliminary AirCore COS profiles near Trainou (Fr) during RINGO 10PI: Huilin Chen
- 11. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798 11 Measurement system isotopologues: CO34S, CO33S • Measure S+ fragments with GC-IRMS • 2 – 4 L samples • Current 3 L precision • 33S: 3.6‰ • 34S: 1.5‰ System includes opIon to measure outside air at Utrecht semi-conInuously
- 12. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798 12 Preliminary results from StratoClim campaign 2017, Kathmandu • Campaign with high alItude research aircraK Geophysica • From Kathmandu during the Asian Summer Monsoon AnIcyclone • Samples between 10 and 20 km • Campaign captured both Asian industrial sources and older stratospheric air Adcock, K., Laube, J. (unpublished data)
- 13. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798 13 Note: uncalibrated isotope data! Only referenced to lab standard • Clean air from Tibetan Plateau • Captured stratospheric air above 18.5 km • To be further analyzed and to be conInued.. Preliminary results from StratoClim campaign 2017, Kathmandu
- 14. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798 Planned: HEMERA balloon flight (2021) 14 Stratospheric balloon being launched from Kiruna. Picture from SSC website: https://www.sscspace.com/hemera/ • Balloon sampling in Kiruna, Sweden • August or September 2021 • Sampling up to 35 km • Strong signal from photolysis expected • Cryosampler: • 15 whole air samples • SelecIon flown with O3 destrucIng catalyst • Measurements planned • Age of air, chlorine and bromine budget (Andreas Engel) • LISA sampler, AirCore (Huilin Chen & Steven van Heuven) • CO2, CH4, H2O (Mélanie Ghysel-Dubois) • Mega AirCore (Johannes Laube) • COS isotopologues (Sophie Baartman & Elena Popa)
- 15. ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC)undertheEuropean Union’sH2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo742798 Summary and plans 15 Several lines of research within the COS-OCS program: • Stratosphere: effect on COS degradaIon on SSA and S-isotopes • HEMERA 2021 • Troposphere: • Exchange COS with the biosphere • Chemistry of COS (role CS2, DMS) • Techniques: • AirCore technique to sample stratospheric COS, and tropospheric gradients • Isotopologues of COS (maybe also 13COS) • Inverse modelling: assimilaIon of satellite data • Modelling of isotopoloques • InterpretaIon biosphere observaIons with inverse modelling