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KVM tools and enterprise usage

V
vincentvdk

Vincent Van der Kussen discusses KVM and related virtualization tools. KVM is a kernel module that allows Linux to function as a hypervisor. It supports x86, PowerPC and s390 architectures. Key tools discussed include libvirt (the virtualization API), virsh (command line tool for libvirt), Qemu (runs virtual machines), and virt-tools like virt-install. The document provides an overview of using these tools to manage virtual machines and storage.

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Virtualize with KVM Tools and Enterprise usage by Vincent Van der Kussen
#whoami ● Using Linux since 1996 ● Sysadmin / Engineer / Opensource Enthousiast ● @vincentvdk ● http://blog.vanderkussen.org
So what is this KVM thing anyway?
It's NOT!
KVM tools and enterprise usage
KVM tools and enterprise usage
KVM : overview Kernel-based Virtual Machine, a Kernel module that turns Linux into a hypervisor Created by Quramnet (bought by Red Hat 2008) Supports x86 (32 and 64 bit), s390, Powerpc Included in Linux kernel since 2.6.20 Needs a CPU with virtualization extention !
KVM : overview ● Each vm is a process ● Each virtual cpu is a thread ● Open source
Features CPU and memory overcommit High performance paravirtual I/O Hotplug (cpu, block, nic) SMP guests Live Migration Power management
Features PCI Device Assigenment and SR-IOV KSM (Kernel Samepage Merging) SPICE NUMA
KVM : differences Not your typical VMWare workstation or VirtualBox. VirtManager comes close but still a little rough on the edges KVM is meant for virtualization on servers. Desktop usage is not always ideal (think vSphere, HyperV,..).
Overview Tools libvirt (api) Virsh Qemu VirtManager Libguestfs virt-v2v
Overview tools sVirt virt-* Boxgrinder VirtIO (not really a tool) Spice
Libvirt : The Virtualization API
Libvirt : overview ● “The Virtualization API” ● Toolkit to interact with the virtualization layer ● Written in C ● LGPL ● Has bindings for common languages (Python, Ruby, Perl, PHP, Java,..) ● Supports AMQP via libvirt-qpid
Libvirt : overview ● Provides management of – Virtual machines – Virtual networks – Storage ● Does NOT provide multi node management features like load balancing ● Suspend / resume support
Libvirt : terminology Node a physical machine
Libvirt : termonology Hypervisor A software layer that allows a node to run virtual machines
Libvirt : terminologie Domain An instance (“virtual machine”) running on the hypervisor
KVM tools and enterprise usage
Libvirt : overview Supports also : VMWare Microsoft HyperV XEN KVM OpenVZ Virtualbox LXC
virsh
Virsh overview Command line for libvirt Enables scripting Libvirtd needs to be started Most commands require root privileges
Virsh usage virsh <command> <domain-id> [OPTIONS] virsh <command> <domain-id> [OPTIONS]
Virsh usage Connect to hypervisor on the localhost virsh connect qemu:///system virsh connect qemu:///system or virsh virsh Connect to hypervisor on remote system over SSH virsh -c qemu+ssh://user@host.domain.foo/system virsh -c qemu+ssh://user@host.domain.foo/system
Virsh usage
Virsh : storage ● Define storage pool ● Local filesystem (ext3, ext4,...) ● Directory based ● ISCSI ● NFS ● LVM (uses volume group) ● Physical disk ● multipath
Virsh : create storage pool <pool type="dir"> <name>LOCAL-STORAGE</name> Xml file -> <target> <path>/VMS</path> </target> </pool> [root@localhost ~]# virsh pool-define dir_pool.xml [root@localhost ~]# virsh pool-define dir_pool.xml Pool LOCAL-STORAGE defined from dir_pool.xml Pool LOCAL-STORAGE defined from dir_pool.xml [root@localhost ~]# virsh pool-start LOCAL-STORAGE [root@localhost ~]# virsh pool-start LOCAL-STORAGE Pool LOCAL-STORAGE started Pool LOCAL-STORAGE started
Virsh : create storage pool [root@localhost ~]# virsh pool-list [root@localhost ~]# virsh pool-list Name Name State State Autostart Autostart ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------- default default active active yes yes LOCAL-STORAGE LOCAL-STORAGE active active no no [root@localhost ~]# virsh [root@localhost ~]# virsh pool-autostart LOCAL-STORAGE pool-autostart LOCAL-STORAGE Pool LOCAL-STORAGE Pool LOCAL-STORAGE marked as autostarted marked as autostarted
Virsh : create VM ● VM is defined in xml file ● Manual creation of VM's disks [root@localhost ~]# qemu-img create [root@localhost ~]# qemu-img create /VMS/vm02-fromxml.img 5G /VMS/vm02-fromxml.img 5G Formatting '/VMS/vm02-fromxml.img', Formatting '/VMS/vm02-fromxml.img', fmt=raw size=5368709120 fmt=raw size=5368709120 ● Define VM in libvirt and start it [root@localhost ~]# virsh define vm02_from_xml.xml [root@localhost ~]# virsh define vm02_from_xml.xml Domain vm02-fromxml defined from vm02_from_xml.xml Domain vm02-fromxml defined from vm02_from_xml.xml [root@localhost ~]# virsh start vm02-fromxml [root@localhost ~]# virsh start vm02-fromxml Domain vm02-fromxml started Domain vm02-fromxml started
1 <domain type='kvm'> 2 <name>vm02-fromxml</name> 3 <uuid></uuid> 4 <memory>128288</memory> 5 <currentMemory></currentMemory> 6 <vcpu>2</vcpu> 7 <os> 8 <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-0.14'>hvm</type> 9 <boot dev='hd'/> 10 </os> 11 <features> 12 # features such as ACPI are defined here 13 </features> 14 <devices> 15 <emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-kvm</emulator> 16 <disk type='file' device='disk'> 17 <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/> 18 <source file='/VMS/vm02-fromxml.img'/> 19 <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> 20 <alias name='virtio-disk0'/> 21 <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> 22 </disk> 23 </devices> 24 </domain>
Virsh : list vm's [root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all [root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all Id Name Id Name State State ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- 4 vm01 4 vm01 running running - vm02-fromxml - vm02-fromxml shut off shut off [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]#
Virsh : live migration virsh migrate --live <guestname> qemu+ssh://<destination host>/system virsh migrate --live <guestname> qemu+ssh://<destination host>/system
Virsh : snapshots ● Only on qcow2 images # virsh snapshot-create <domain> # virsh snapshot-create <domain> # virsh snapshot-list <domain> # virsh snapshot-list <domain> Name Name Creation Time Creation Time State State --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- 1295973577 1295973577 2011-01-25 17:39:37 +0100 running 2011-01-25 17:39:37 +0100 running 1295978837 1295978837 2011-01-25 19:07:17 +0100 running 2011-01-25 19:07:17 +0100 running # virsh snapshot-restore <domain> <snapshotname> # virsh snapshot-restore <domain> <snapshotname>
Qemu
qemu ● KVM istself cannot create VM's ● KVM is “just” a hypervisor ● Qemu as user space process ● Qemu communicates via /dev/kvm
qemu ● Qemu-img – Check – Convert – Create – Snapshot – Info
Qemu Inspect image [root@HV01 ~]# qemu-img info /var/lib/libvirt/images/WIN7.img [root@HV01 ~]# qemu-img info /var/lib/libvirt/images/WIN7.img image: /var/lib/libvirt/images/WIN7.img image: /var/lib/libvirt/images/WIN7.img file format: raw file format: raw virtual size: 12G (12884901888 bytes) virtual size: 12G (12884901888 bytes) disk size: 12G disk size: 12G [root@HV01 ~]# [root@HV01 ~]#
qemu Example : Convert raw to vmdk image qemu-img convert -O vmdk <raw image> outimage.vmdk qemu-img convert -O vmdk <raw image> outimage.vmdk
Qemu Supported disk formats ● file ● cow ● blkverify ● Raw ● sheepdog ● vmdk ● blkdebug ● vdi ● qcow2 ● qcow ● vvfat
virtio ● "full virtualization" is a nice feature because It allows you to run any operating system virtualized. ● However, it's slow because the hypervisor has to emulate actual physical devices.
virtio ● Virtio drivers solve this ● Virtio drivers know they run in a virtualized environment. (no emulation) ● Virtio drivers operate with hypervisor
virt-*
virt-* ● Virt-install ● Virt-viewer ● Virt-clone ● virt-top
Virt-install ● Can create VM and disks in one go [root@localhost ~]# virt-install --connect qemu:///system --graphics [root@localhost ~]# virt-install --connect qemu:///system --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --name=vm01 --ram 512 --disk pool=LOCAL- vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --name=vm01 --ram 512 --disk pool=LOCAL- STORAGE,size=10,bus=virtio,cache=none / STORAGE,size=10,bus=virtio,cache=none / --network network=default,model=virtio / --network network=default,model=virtio / --location=http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/squeeze/main/installer-amd64 --location=http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/squeeze/main/installer-amd64 Cannot open display: Cannot open display: Run 'virt-viewer --help' to see a full list of available Run 'virt-viewer --help' to see a full list of available command line command line options options Domain installation still in progress. You can reconnect Domain installation still in progress. You can reconnect to to the console to complete the installation process. the console to complete the installation process.
Virt-viewer ● Connect to the VM's console with – RDP – VNC – SPICE ● Default vnc port -> 5900 ● virt-viewer virt-viewer -c qemu:///system xpsp2 virt-viewer -c qemu:///system xpsp2
virt-clone ● Clones an existing VM (Duh!!) ● Copies disk images ● Defines new machine based on source – MAC address is auto generated ● Deploy many similar machines from one image (template).
virt-clone [root@HV01 ~]# virt-clone -o vm01 -n vm01-copy -f / [root@HV01 ~]# virt-clone -o vm01 -n vm01-copy -f / /VMS/vm01-copy.img /VMS/vm01-copy.img Allocating 'vm01-copy.img' Allocating 'vm01-copy.img' | 10 GB | 10 GB 03:37 03:37 Clone 'vm01-copy' created successfully. Clone 'vm01-copy' created successfully. [root@HV01 ~]# [root@HV01 ~]#
virt-top virt-top 20:40:19 - x86_64 2/2CPU 2666MHz 3962MB virt-top 20:40:19 - x86_64 2/2CPU 2666MHz 3962MB 4 domains, 4 active, 4 running, 0 sleeping, 0 paused, 0 inactive D:0 O:0 X:0 4 domains, 4 active, 4 running, 0 sleeping, 0 paused, 0 inactive D:0 O:0 X:0 CPU: 2.8% Mem: 2560 MB (2560 MB by guests) CPU: 2.8% Mem: 2560 MB (2560 MB by guests) ID S RDRQ WRRQ RXBY TXBY %CPU %MEM ID S RDRQ WRRQ RXBY TXBY %CPU %MEM TIME TIME NAME NAME 14 14 R R 0 0 0 1220 0 1220 0 0 2.5 2.5 25.0 315:52.95 WIN7 25.0 315:52.95 WIN7 15 15 R R 0 0 4 146 4 146 42 42 0.2 0.2 12.0 12.0 0:54.64 vm01 0:54.64 vm01 11 11 R R 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 12.0 15:38.34 vm02-fromxml 12.0 15:38.34 vm02-fromxml 16 16 R R 0 0 0 104 0 104 0 0 0.0 0.0 12.0 12.0 0:54.82 vm01-copy 0:54.82 vm01-copy
Virtual machine manager
Virtual Machine Manager ● A GUI for virsh and virt-* ● Runs only on Linux/Unix ● Can discover machines running libvirtd (nodes) ● Local development / testing
Virtual Machine Manager
libguestfs libguestfs : Converting, Inspecting and modifying VM's
libguestfs ● Manipulation of VM images ● Inspection of VM images ● Exists out of several separate tools – List is available on http://virt-tools.org/docs/index.html ● No need to login on the VM itself ● Can be run on an active VM
What is this image? Is it still needed? Developers like to keep stuff
Libguestfs : virt-inspector ● What if you just have an image ● You cannot login to machine ● You would like to know what version of a package is installed ● Generate list of all VM's
Libguestfs : virt-inspector Inspect the domain virt-inspector -d WIN7 virt-inspector -d WIN7 Inspect an image [root@HV01 VMS]# virt-inspector -a /var/lib/libvirt/images/WIN7.img [root@HV01 VMS]# virt-inspector -a /var/lib/libvirt/images/WIN7.img
1 <name>windows</name> 2 <arch>i386</arch> 3 <distro>windows</distro> 4 <product_name>Windows 7 Professional</product_name> 5 <product_variant>Client</product_variant> 6 <major_version>6</major_version> 7 <minor_version>1</minor_version> 8 <windows_systemroot>/Windows</windows_systemroot> 9 <windows_current_control_set>ControlSet001</windows_current_control_set> 10 <hostname>btr-PC</hostname> 11 <format>installed</format>
1 <applications> 2 <application> 3 <name>Mozilla Firefox 6.0.2 (x86 en-US)</name> 4 <display_name>Mozilla Firefox 6.0.2 (x86 en-US)</display_name> 5 <version>6.0.2</version> 6 <install_path>C:Program FilesMozilla Firefox</install_path> 7 <publisher>Mozilla</publisher> 8 <url>http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/</url> 9 <description>Mozilla Firefox 6.0.2 (x86 en-US)</description> 10 </application> 11 </applications>
Libguestfs : virt-df ● Allows you to view filesystem layout and space free/used Virt-df <name of domain> [root@HV01 ~]# virt-df vm02-fromxml [root@HV01 ~]# virt-df vm02-fromxml Filesystem Filesystem 1K-blocks 1K-blocks Used Used Available Available Use% Use% vm02-fromxml:/dev/sdb vm02-fromxml:/dev/sdb 3516418 3516418 3516418 3516418 0 0 100% 100% vm02-fromxml:/dev/sda1 vm02-fromxml:/dev/sda1 495844 495844 30573 30573 439671 439671 7% 7% vm02-fromxml:/dev/VolGroup/lv_root vm02-fromxml:/dev/VolGroup/lv_root 3652680 3652680 623180 623180 2843952 2843952 18% 18% [root@HV01 ~]# [root@HV01 ~]#
Libguestfs : virt-win-reg ● Modify registry of Windows machines virt-win-reg --merge <vmname>.img viostor-reg virt-win-reg --merge <vmname>.img viostor-reg
Libguestfs : virt-win-reg Manually Prepare a Windows image with virtio drivers virt-win-reg --merge <vmname>.img viostor-reg virt-win-reg --merge <vmname>.img viostor-reg guestfish -i <vmname>.img guestfish -i <vmname>.img <fs>upload viostor.sys <fs>upload viostor.sys /WINDOWS/system32/drivers/viostor.sys /WINDOWS/system32/drivers/viostor.sys
Libguestfs : virt-tar-out ● Create backups from files on the VM # virt-tar-out -d vm01 /home home-vm01.tar # virt-tar-out -d vm01 /home home-vm01.tar ● Create backups from files on the disk image # virt-tar-out -a /VMS/vm01.img /home home-vm01-disk.tar # virt-tar-out -a /VMS/vm01.img /home home-vm01-disk.tar
virt-v2v : migration of virtual machines
Virt-v2v : short overview ● Tool to automate migrations to KVM/RHEV ● Migrate to KVM or RHEV from – XEN – VMWare – KVM ● Installs virtio drivers and reconfigures machine ● Can be scripted for bulk operations
Virt-v2v : migrate from Vmware to RHEV
Virt-v2v : migrate from VMWare to RHEV virt-v2v -ic esx://esx.example.com/?no_verify=1 virt-v2v -ic esx://esx.example.com/?no_verify=1 -o rhev -o rhev -os storage.example.com:/exportdomain --network -os storage.example.com:/exportdomain --network rhevm vm- rhevm vm- name name
Virt-v2v : migrate VMWare to KVM
sVirt : secure your host and VM's
sVirt Virtualization introduces new risks
sVirt “Old” days Machines where physically separated and “attackable” via the network
KVM tools and enterprise usage
sVirt With Virtualization : A flawed hypervisor can give access to ALL VM's running on it Bypassing network security
KVM tools and enterprise usage
sVirt sVirt : Apply MAC for guest and resources MAC policy is set by hypervisor host Based on SELinux (don't reinvent the wheel) Auto apply or manual
KVM tools and enterprise usage
Disk images [root@HV01 VMS]# ls -Z |grep vm01 [root@HV01 VMS]# ls -Z |grep vm01 qemu qemu system_u:object_r:svirt_image_t:s0:c656,c817 qemu qemu system_u:object_r:svirt_image_t:s0:c656,c817 vm01-copy.img vm01-copy.img qemu qemu system_u:object_r:svirt_image_t:s0:c690,c972 qemu qemu system_u:object_r:svirt_image_t:s0:c690,c972 vm01.img vm01.img Processes [root@HV01 VMS]# ps auxZ | grep vm01 |awk '{print $1" [root@HV01 VMS]# ps auxZ | grep vm01 |awk '{print $1" " $22}' " $22}' system_u:system_r:svirt_t:s0:c690,c972 system_u:system_r:svirt_t:s0:c690,c972 vm01 vm01 system_u:system_r:svirt_t:s0:c656,c817 system_u:system_r:svirt_t:s0:c656,c817 vm01-copy vm01-copy
A lot of tools but what to do with them?
RHEV is first example
Build your own stack? Development environment?
Enterprise usage
RHEV 2.x ● RHEV (Red Hat enterprise Virtualization) – Red Hat started adopting KVM (actually they bought it) – Released 2.1 – Running on Windows platform ( the horror.. ) – RHEV 2.2 will be latest release in 2.x series
RHEV 3.0 ● Port from .Net to Java ● Manager runs on Jboss – no more windows server side ● Hypervisor based on RHEL 6 – Gives performance increase ● Local storage ● Reporing engine included ● WAN optimized SPICE
RHEV 3.0 ● Power User portal – Users can manage their own environment ● RESTful API ● Will be open sourced
RHEV adoption
OVA ● Open Virtualization Alliance ● Foster the adoption of KVM as an enterprise- ready open virtualization solution ● Accelerate the emergence of an ecosystem of third-party solutions around KVM. ● Encourage interoperability, promote best practices, and highlight examples of customer successes.
Ova : members
specvirt ● Virtualization benchmark (score@ 'n' VM's) ● KVM – 3894@240 ● VmWare ESX 4.1 – 3723@228
conclusions ● KVM is till young ● Adoption is growing ● Builds on Linux features (feature velocity) – Selinux, Cgroups, Scheduler, ... ● A lot of community activity ● scalability ● Growing ECO system ● No vendor lockin ● OVA (open virtualization alliance)
Questions?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kalavinka/4617897952/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/zakh/337938459/ http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en- US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html- single/Virtualization/index.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-kvm-vnc-for-guest-machine/ http://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/5.2/Virtualization/chap- Virtualization-Managing_guests_with_virsh.html http://heprc.phys.uvic.ca/sites/heprc.phys.uvic.ca/files/report s/vliet-wtr.pdf
Grind out appliances
BoxGrinder : overview ● Create a VM “offline” ● Runs on JBOSS ● Use puppet/chef/.. to configure it further ● Move from Fedora to RHEL by adjusting the file ●

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KVM tools and enterprise usage

  • 1. Virtualize with KVM Tools and Enterprise usage by Vincent Van der Kussen
  • 2. #whoami ● Using Linux since 1996 ● Sysadmin / Engineer / Opensource Enthousiast ● @vincentvdk ● http://blog.vanderkussen.org
  • 3. So what is this KVM thing anyway?
  • 7. KVM : overview Kernel-based Virtual Machine, a Kernel module that turns Linux into a hypervisor Created by Quramnet (bought by Red Hat 2008) Supports x86 (32 and 64 bit), s390, Powerpc Included in Linux kernel since 2.6.20 Needs a CPU with virtualization extention !
  • 8. KVM : overview ● Each vm is a process ● Each virtual cpu is a thread ● Open source
  • 9. Features CPU and memory overcommit High performance paravirtual I/O Hotplug (cpu, block, nic) SMP guests Live Migration Power management
  • 10. Features PCI Device Assigenment and SR-IOV KSM (Kernel Samepage Merging) SPICE NUMA
  • 11. KVM : differences Not your typical VMWare workstation or VirtualBox. VirtManager comes close but still a little rough on the edges KVM is meant for virtualization on servers. Desktop usage is not always ideal (think vSphere, HyperV,..).
  • 14. Libvirt : The Virtualization API
  • 15. Libvirt : overview ● “The Virtualization API” ● Toolkit to interact with the virtualization layer ● Written in C ● LGPL ● Has bindings for common languages (Python, Ruby, Perl, PHP, Java,..) ● Supports AMQP via libvirt-qpid
  • 16. Libvirt : overview ● Provides management of – Virtual machines – Virtual networks – Storage ● Does NOT provide multi node management features like load balancing ● Suspend / resume support
  • 17. Libvirt : terminology Node a physical machine
  • 18. Libvirt : termonology Hypervisor A software layer that allows a node to run virtual machines
  • 19. Libvirt : terminologie Domain An instance (“virtual machine”) running on the hypervisor
  • 21. Libvirt : overview Supports also : VMWare Microsoft HyperV XEN KVM OpenVZ Virtualbox LXC
  • 22. virsh
  • 23. Virsh overview Command line for libvirt Enables scripting Libvirtd needs to be started Most commands require root privileges
  • 24. Virsh usage virsh <command> <domain-id> [OPTIONS] virsh <command> <domain-id> [OPTIONS]
  • 25. Virsh usage Connect to hypervisor on the localhost virsh connect qemu:///system virsh connect qemu:///system or virsh virsh Connect to hypervisor on remote system over SSH virsh -c qemu+ssh://[email protected]/system virsh -c qemu+ssh://[email protected]/system
  • 27. Virsh : storage ● Define storage pool ● Local filesystem (ext3, ext4,...) ● Directory based ● ISCSI ● NFS ● LVM (uses volume group) ● Physical disk ● multipath
  • 28. Virsh : create storage pool <pool type="dir"> <name>LOCAL-STORAGE</name> Xml file -> <target> <path>/VMS</path> </target> </pool> [root@localhost ~]# virsh pool-define dir_pool.xml [root@localhost ~]# virsh pool-define dir_pool.xml Pool LOCAL-STORAGE defined from dir_pool.xml Pool LOCAL-STORAGE defined from dir_pool.xml [root@localhost ~]# virsh pool-start LOCAL-STORAGE [root@localhost ~]# virsh pool-start LOCAL-STORAGE Pool LOCAL-STORAGE started Pool LOCAL-STORAGE started
  • 29. Virsh : create storage pool [root@localhost ~]# virsh pool-list [root@localhost ~]# virsh pool-list Name Name State State Autostart Autostart ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------- default default active active yes yes LOCAL-STORAGE LOCAL-STORAGE active active no no [root@localhost ~]# virsh [root@localhost ~]# virsh pool-autostart LOCAL-STORAGE pool-autostart LOCAL-STORAGE Pool LOCAL-STORAGE Pool LOCAL-STORAGE marked as autostarted marked as autostarted
  • 30. Virsh : create VM ● VM is defined in xml file ● Manual creation of VM's disks [root@localhost ~]# qemu-img create [root@localhost ~]# qemu-img create /VMS/vm02-fromxml.img 5G /VMS/vm02-fromxml.img 5G Formatting '/VMS/vm02-fromxml.img', Formatting '/VMS/vm02-fromxml.img', fmt=raw size=5368709120 fmt=raw size=5368709120 ● Define VM in libvirt and start it [root@localhost ~]# virsh define vm02_from_xml.xml [root@localhost ~]# virsh define vm02_from_xml.xml Domain vm02-fromxml defined from vm02_from_xml.xml Domain vm02-fromxml defined from vm02_from_xml.xml [root@localhost ~]# virsh start vm02-fromxml [root@localhost ~]# virsh start vm02-fromxml Domain vm02-fromxml started Domain vm02-fromxml started
  • 31. 1 <domain type='kvm'> 2 <name>vm02-fromxml</name> 3 <uuid></uuid> 4 <memory>128288</memory> 5 <currentMemory></currentMemory> 6 <vcpu>2</vcpu> 7 <os> 8 <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-0.14'>hvm</type> 9 <boot dev='hd'/> 10 </os> 11 <features> 12 # features such as ACPI are defined here 13 </features> 14 <devices> 15 <emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-kvm</emulator> 16 <disk type='file' device='disk'> 17 <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/> 18 <source file='/VMS/vm02-fromxml.img'/> 19 <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> 20 <alias name='virtio-disk0'/> 21 <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> 22 </disk> 23 </devices> 24 </domain>
  • 32. Virsh : list vm's [root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all [root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all Id Name Id Name State State ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- 4 vm01 4 vm01 running running - vm02-fromxml - vm02-fromxml shut off shut off [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]#
  • 33. Virsh : live migration virsh migrate --live <guestname> qemu+ssh://<destination host>/system virsh migrate --live <guestname> qemu+ssh://<destination host>/system
  • 34. Virsh : snapshots ● Only on qcow2 images # virsh snapshot-create <domain> # virsh snapshot-create <domain> # virsh snapshot-list <domain> # virsh snapshot-list <domain> Name Name Creation Time Creation Time State State --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- 1295973577 1295973577 2011-01-25 17:39:37 +0100 running 2011-01-25 17:39:37 +0100 running 1295978837 1295978837 2011-01-25 19:07:17 +0100 running 2011-01-25 19:07:17 +0100 running # virsh snapshot-restore <domain> <snapshotname> # virsh snapshot-restore <domain> <snapshotname>
  • 35. Qemu
  • 36. qemu ● KVM istself cannot create VM's ● KVM is “just” a hypervisor ● Qemu as user space process ● Qemu communicates via /dev/kvm
  • 37. qemu ● Qemu-img – Check – Convert – Create – Snapshot – Info
  • 38. Qemu Inspect image [root@HV01 ~]# qemu-img info /var/lib/libvirt/images/WIN7.img [root@HV01 ~]# qemu-img info /var/lib/libvirt/images/WIN7.img image: /var/lib/libvirt/images/WIN7.img image: /var/lib/libvirt/images/WIN7.img file format: raw file format: raw virtual size: 12G (12884901888 bytes) virtual size: 12G (12884901888 bytes) disk size: 12G disk size: 12G [root@HV01 ~]# [root@HV01 ~]#
  • 39. qemu Example : Convert raw to vmdk image qemu-img convert -O vmdk <raw image> outimage.vmdk qemu-img convert -O vmdk <raw image> outimage.vmdk
  • 40. Qemu Supported disk formats ● file ● cow ● blkverify ● Raw ● sheepdog ● vmdk ● blkdebug ● vdi ● qcow2 ● qcow ● vvfat
  • 41. virtio ● "full virtualization" is a nice feature because It allows you to run any operating system virtualized. ● However, it's slow because the hypervisor has to emulate actual physical devices.
  • 42. virtio ● Virtio drivers solve this ● Virtio drivers know they run in a virtualized environment. (no emulation) ● Virtio drivers operate with hypervisor
  • 44. virt-* ● Virt-install ● Virt-viewer ● Virt-clone ● virt-top
  • 45. Virt-install ● Can create VM and disks in one go [root@localhost ~]# virt-install --connect qemu:///system --graphics [root@localhost ~]# virt-install --connect qemu:///system --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --name=vm01 --ram 512 --disk pool=LOCAL- vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --name=vm01 --ram 512 --disk pool=LOCAL- STORAGE,size=10,bus=virtio,cache=none / STORAGE,size=10,bus=virtio,cache=none / --network network=default,model=virtio / --network network=default,model=virtio / --location=http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/squeeze/main/installer-amd64 --location=http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/squeeze/main/installer-amd64 Cannot open display: Cannot open display: Run 'virt-viewer --help' to see a full list of available Run 'virt-viewer --help' to see a full list of available command line command line options options Domain installation still in progress. You can reconnect Domain installation still in progress. You can reconnect to to the console to complete the installation process. the console to complete the installation process.
  • 46. Virt-viewer ● Connect to the VM's console with – RDP – VNC – SPICE ● Default vnc port -> 5900 ● virt-viewer virt-viewer -c qemu:///system xpsp2 virt-viewer -c qemu:///system xpsp2
  • 47. virt-clone ● Clones an existing VM (Duh!!) ● Copies disk images ● Defines new machine based on source – MAC address is auto generated ● Deploy many similar machines from one image (template).
  • 48. virt-clone [root@HV01 ~]# virt-clone -o vm01 -n vm01-copy -f / [root@HV01 ~]# virt-clone -o vm01 -n vm01-copy -f / /VMS/vm01-copy.img /VMS/vm01-copy.img Allocating 'vm01-copy.img' Allocating 'vm01-copy.img' | 10 GB | 10 GB 03:37 03:37 Clone 'vm01-copy' created successfully. Clone 'vm01-copy' created successfully. [root@HV01 ~]# [root@HV01 ~]#
  • 49. virt-top virt-top 20:40:19 - x86_64 2/2CPU 2666MHz 3962MB virt-top 20:40:19 - x86_64 2/2CPU 2666MHz 3962MB 4 domains, 4 active, 4 running, 0 sleeping, 0 paused, 0 inactive D:0 O:0 X:0 4 domains, 4 active, 4 running, 0 sleeping, 0 paused, 0 inactive D:0 O:0 X:0 CPU: 2.8% Mem: 2560 MB (2560 MB by guests) CPU: 2.8% Mem: 2560 MB (2560 MB by guests) ID S RDRQ WRRQ RXBY TXBY %CPU %MEM ID S RDRQ WRRQ RXBY TXBY %CPU %MEM TIME TIME NAME NAME 14 14 R R 0 0 0 1220 0 1220 0 0 2.5 2.5 25.0 315:52.95 WIN7 25.0 315:52.95 WIN7 15 15 R R 0 0 4 146 4 146 42 42 0.2 0.2 12.0 12.0 0:54.64 vm01 0:54.64 vm01 11 11 R R 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 12.0 15:38.34 vm02-fromxml 12.0 15:38.34 vm02-fromxml 16 16 R R 0 0 0 104 0 104 0 0 0.0 0.0 12.0 12.0 0:54.82 vm01-copy 0:54.82 vm01-copy
  • 51. Virtual Machine Manager ● A GUI for virsh and virt-* ● Runs only on Linux/Unix ● Can discover machines running libvirtd (nodes) ● Local development / testing
  • 54. libguestfs ● Manipulation of VM images ● Inspection of VM images ● Exists out of several separate tools – List is available on http://virt-tools.org/docs/index.html ● No need to login on the VM itself ● Can be run on an active VM
  • 55. What is this image? Is it still needed? Developers like to keep stuff
  • 56. Libguestfs : virt-inspector ● What if you just have an image ● You cannot login to machine ● You would like to know what version of a package is installed ● Generate list of all VM's
  • 57. Libguestfs : virt-inspector Inspect the domain virt-inspector -d WIN7 virt-inspector -d WIN7 Inspect an image [root@HV01 VMS]# virt-inspector -a /var/lib/libvirt/images/WIN7.img [root@HV01 VMS]# virt-inspector -a /var/lib/libvirt/images/WIN7.img
  • 58. 1 <name>windows</name> 2 <arch>i386</arch> 3 <distro>windows</distro> 4 <product_name>Windows 7 Professional</product_name> 5 <product_variant>Client</product_variant> 6 <major_version>6</major_version> 7 <minor_version>1</minor_version> 8 <windows_systemroot>/Windows</windows_systemroot> 9 <windows_current_control_set>ControlSet001</windows_current_control_set> 10 <hostname>btr-PC</hostname> 11 <format>installed</format>
  • 59. 1 <applications> 2 <application> 3 <name>Mozilla Firefox 6.0.2 (x86 en-US)</name> 4 <display_name>Mozilla Firefox 6.0.2 (x86 en-US)</display_name> 5 <version>6.0.2</version> 6 <install_path>C:Program FilesMozilla Firefox</install_path> 7 <publisher>Mozilla</publisher> 8 <url>http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/</url> 9 <description>Mozilla Firefox 6.0.2 (x86 en-US)</description> 10 </application> 11 </applications>
  • 60. Libguestfs : virt-df ● Allows you to view filesystem layout and space free/used Virt-df <name of domain> [root@HV01 ~]# virt-df vm02-fromxml [root@HV01 ~]# virt-df vm02-fromxml Filesystem Filesystem 1K-blocks 1K-blocks Used Used Available Available Use% Use% vm02-fromxml:/dev/sdb vm02-fromxml:/dev/sdb 3516418 3516418 3516418 3516418 0 0 100% 100% vm02-fromxml:/dev/sda1 vm02-fromxml:/dev/sda1 495844 495844 30573 30573 439671 439671 7% 7% vm02-fromxml:/dev/VolGroup/lv_root vm02-fromxml:/dev/VolGroup/lv_root 3652680 3652680 623180 623180 2843952 2843952 18% 18% [root@HV01 ~]# [root@HV01 ~]#
  • 61. Libguestfs : virt-win-reg ● Modify registry of Windows machines virt-win-reg --merge <vmname>.img viostor-reg virt-win-reg --merge <vmname>.img viostor-reg
  • 62. Libguestfs : virt-win-reg Manually Prepare a Windows image with virtio drivers virt-win-reg --merge <vmname>.img viostor-reg virt-win-reg --merge <vmname>.img viostor-reg guestfish -i <vmname>.img guestfish -i <vmname>.img <fs>upload viostor.sys <fs>upload viostor.sys /WINDOWS/system32/drivers/viostor.sys /WINDOWS/system32/drivers/viostor.sys
  • 63. Libguestfs : virt-tar-out ● Create backups from files on the VM # virt-tar-out -d vm01 /home home-vm01.tar # virt-tar-out -d vm01 /home home-vm01.tar ● Create backups from files on the disk image # virt-tar-out -a /VMS/vm01.img /home home-vm01-disk.tar # virt-tar-out -a /VMS/vm01.img /home home-vm01-disk.tar
  • 64. virt-v2v : migration of virtual machines
  • 65. Virt-v2v : short overview ● Tool to automate migrations to KVM/RHEV ● Migrate to KVM or RHEV from – XEN – VMWare – KVM ● Installs virtio drivers and reconfigures machine ● Can be scripted for bulk operations
  • 66. Virt-v2v : migrate from Vmware to RHEV
  • 67. Virt-v2v : migrate from VMWare to RHEV virt-v2v -ic esx://esx.example.com/?no_verify=1 virt-v2v -ic esx://esx.example.com/?no_verify=1 -o rhev -o rhev -os storage.example.com:/exportdomain --network -os storage.example.com:/exportdomain --network rhevm vm- rhevm vm- name name
  • 68. Virt-v2v : migrate VMWare to KVM
  • 69. sVirt : secure your host and VM's
  • 71. sVirt “Old” days Machines where physically separated and “attackable” via the network
  • 73. sVirt With Virtualization : A flawed hypervisor can give access to ALL VM's running on it Bypassing network security
  • 75. sVirt sVirt : Apply MAC for guest and resources MAC policy is set by hypervisor host Based on SELinux (don't reinvent the wheel) Auto apply or manual
  • 77. Disk images [root@HV01 VMS]# ls -Z |grep vm01 [root@HV01 VMS]# ls -Z |grep vm01 qemu qemu system_u:object_r:svirt_image_t:s0:c656,c817 qemu qemu system_u:object_r:svirt_image_t:s0:c656,c817 vm01-copy.img vm01-copy.img qemu qemu system_u:object_r:svirt_image_t:s0:c690,c972 qemu qemu system_u:object_r:svirt_image_t:s0:c690,c972 vm01.img vm01.img Processes [root@HV01 VMS]# ps auxZ | grep vm01 |awk '{print $1" [root@HV01 VMS]# ps auxZ | grep vm01 |awk '{print $1" " $22}' " $22}' system_u:system_r:svirt_t:s0:c690,c972 system_u:system_r:svirt_t:s0:c690,c972 vm01 vm01 system_u:system_r:svirt_t:s0:c656,c817 system_u:system_r:svirt_t:s0:c656,c817 vm01-copy vm01-copy
  • 78. A lot of tools but what to do with them?
  • 79. RHEV is first example
  • 80. Build your own stack? Development environment?
  • 82. RHEV 2.x ● RHEV (Red Hat enterprise Virtualization) – Red Hat started adopting KVM (actually they bought it) – Released 2.1 – Running on Windows platform ( the horror.. ) – RHEV 2.2 will be latest release in 2.x series
  • 83. RHEV 3.0 ● Port from .Net to Java ● Manager runs on Jboss – no more windows server side ● Hypervisor based on RHEL 6 – Gives performance increase ● Local storage ● Reporing engine included ● WAN optimized SPICE
  • 84. RHEV 3.0 ● Power User portal – Users can manage their own environment ● RESTful API ● Will be open sourced
  • 86. OVA ● Open Virtualization Alliance ● Foster the adoption of KVM as an enterprise- ready open virtualization solution ● Accelerate the emergence of an ecosystem of third-party solutions around KVM. ● Encourage interoperability, promote best practices, and highlight examples of customer successes.
  • 88. specvirt ● Virtualization benchmark (score@ 'n' VM's) ● KVM – 3894@240 ● VmWare ESX 4.1 – 3723@228
  • 89. conclusions ● KVM is till young ● Adoption is growing ● Builds on Linux features (feature velocity) – Selinux, Cgroups, Scheduler, ... ● A lot of community activity ● scalability ● Growing ECO system ● No vendor lockin ● OVA (open virtualization alliance)
  • 91. http://www.flickr.com/photos/kalavinka/4617897952/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/zakh/337938459/ http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en- US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html- single/Virtualization/index.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-kvm-vnc-for-guest-machine/ http://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/5.2/Virtualization/chap- Virtualization-Managing_guests_with_virsh.html http://heprc.phys.uvic.ca/sites/heprc.phys.uvic.ca/files/report s/vliet-wtr.pdf
  • 93. BoxGrinder : overview ● Create a VM “offline” ● Runs on JBOSS ● Use puppet/chef/.. to configure it further ● Move from Fedora to RHEL by adjusting the file ●