Land pollution occurs when human activities degrade or destroy the quality and productivity of the earth's surface and soil. Major causes of land pollution include deforestation, soil erosion from lack of vegetation, land conversion that alters the natural properties of the land, mining activities, overcrowded landfills, construction activities, and nuclear waste. The effects of land pollution are soil pollution, decreased agricultural output, change in climate patterns, and negative environmental impacts like increased global warming and irregular rainfall. While land pollution may not be as visible as air or water pollution, it poses serious threats and is an important issue that needs to be addressed.