2. Introduction
• Cancer of the voice box (larynx).
• Commonly affects males aged 50 and above.
• Closely linked with tobacco and alcohol use.
3. Definition
• Laryngeal cancer is a malignant growth in the tissues of the larynx.
• Part of head and neck cancers.
• Most are squamous cell carcinomas.
4. Anatomy of the Larynx
• Composed of supraglottis, glottis, and subglottis.
• Contains vocal cords.
• Responsible for voice production and airway protection.
5. Types of Larynx Cancer - I
• Supraglottic Cancer: Upper part of larynx.
• Glottic Cancer: Affects vocal cords.
6. Types of Larynx Cancer - II
• Subglottic Cancer: Below the vocal cords.
• Transglottic Cancer: Spans more than one region.
• Histologically: Squamous Cell Carcinoma (most common).
7. Causes - I
• Tobacco use: Smoking and chewing.
• Excessive alcohol consumption.
8. Causes - II
• HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection.
• Exposure to carcinogens (e.g., asbestos, chemicals).
• Poor nutrition.
9. PIP Model - Predisposing Factors
• Male gender.
• Age above 50.
• Family history of cancer.
11. Signs & Symptoms - I
• Hoarseness (lasting more than 2 weeks).
• Sore throat.
• Persistent cough.
12. Signs & Symptoms - II
• Difficulty swallowing.
• Lump in neck.
• Breathing difficulty.
• Ear pain.
13. Diagnosis - I
• Physical examination.
• Laryngoscopy (direct or indirect).
• Imaging: CT, MRI.
14. Diagnosis - II
• Biopsy: Confirms malignancy.
• HPV testing.
• PET scan (for metastasis).
15. Management - Medical
• Radiation therapy.
• Chemotherapy (e.g., cisplatin-based).
• Targeted therapy in advanced cases.
16. Management - Surgical
• Laser surgery for early lesions.
• Partial laryngectomy.
• Total laryngectomy in advanced cases.
17. Postoperative & Supportive Care
• Speech therapy (voice rehabilitation).
• Nutritional support (e.g., PEG tube).
• Psychological counseling.
18. Complications
• Loss of natural voice.
• Swallowing difficulties.
• Tracheostomy dependence.
• Fistula, infection, recurrence.
19. Nursing Diagnosis - I
• Impaired verbal communication.
• Risk for aspiration.
• Acute pain related to tumor or surgery.
20. Nursing Diagnosis - II
• Imbalanced nutrition < body requirements.
• Anxiety and fear.
• Knowledge deficit regarding treatment and care.
21. Conclusion
• Early diagnosis is critical for better outcomes.
• Public awareness of symptoms can help reduce delay.
• Multidisciplinary approach needed for treatment.
