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J N V RUDRAPRAYAG ,UTTARAKHAND
ACADEMIC YEAR : 2021-22
PROJECT REPORT ON
LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
NA M E : MAHDEEP BISHT,HIMANSHU DUMAGA
CLASS : XII – SCIENCE
SUBJECT : COMPUTER SCIENCE
SUB CODE : 083
PROJECT GUIDE: Mr YOGESH NAMA PGT (CS)
JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA
RUDRAPRAYAG DISTT
UTTARAKHAND
1
JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDAYALAYA
RUDRAPRAYAG
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that MAHDEEP AND HIMANSHU has successfully
completed the project Work entitled LIBRARY MANAGEMENTS SYSTEM in the
subject Computer Science (083) laid down in the regulations of CBSE for the
purpose of Practical Examination in Class XII to be held in JAWAHAR
NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA on ____________.
Examiner:
Name: _______________
Signature: (YOGESH NAMA)
PGT Comp Sci
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS [ T O
C ]
SER DESCRIPTION
01 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
02 INTRODUCTION
03 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
04 PROPOSED SYSTEM
05 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC)
06 PHASES OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
07 FLOW CHART
08 SOURCE CODE
09 OUTPUT
10 TESTING
11 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
12 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
13 BIBLIOGRAPHY
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Apart from the efforts of me, the success of any project depends largely on
the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to express
my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion
of this project.
I express deep sense of gratitude to almighty God for giving me strength for
the successful completion of the project.
I express my heartfelt gratitude to my parents for constant encouragement
while carrying out this project.
I gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the individuals who contributed in
bringing this project up to this level, who continues to look after me despite my flaws,
I express my deep sense of gratitude to the luminary The Principal, Sainik
School Amaravathinagar who has been continuously motivating and extending their
helping hand to us.
I express my sincere thanks to the academician The Vice Principal, Sainik
School Amaravathinagar, for constant encouragement and the guidance provided
during this project
I am overwhelmed to express my thanks to The Administrative Officer for
providing me an infrastructure and moral support while carrying out this project in the
school.
My sincere thanks to Mr. YOGESH NAMA, Master In-charge, A guide,
Mentor all the above a friend, who critically reviewed my project and helped in
solving each and every problem, occurred during implementation of the project
The guidance and support received from all the members who contributed
and who are contributing to this project, was vital for the success of the project. I am
grateful for their constant support and help.
4
PROJECT ON LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
This project is all about a software for library. It helps the Book Stall Owner to
have a full-fledged control over his/her stall. It adds a new stock, updates an existing
stock and ofcourse prints a receipt to the customer. Besides it displays a graph of
the sales of the current month.
OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this project is to let the students apply the programming
knowledge into a real- world situation/problem and exposed the students how
programming skills helps in developing a good software.
1. Write programs utilizing modern software tools.
2. Apply object oriented programming principles effectively when developing
small to medium sized projects.
3. Write effective procedural code to solve small to medium sized problems.
4. Students will demonstrate a breadth of knowledge in computer science, as
exemplified in the areas of systems, theory and software development.
5. Students will demonstrate ability to conduct a research or applied Computer
Science project, requiring writing and presentation skills which exemplify
scholarly style in computer science.
5
PROPOSED SYSTEM
Today one cannot afford to rely on the fallible human beings of be really
wants to stand against today’s merciless competition where not to wise saying “to
err is human” no longer valid, it’s outdated to rationalize your mistake. So, to keep
pace with time, to bring about the best result without malfunctioning and greater
efficiency so to replace the unending heaps of flies with a much sophisticated hard
disk of the computer.
One has to use the data management software. Software has been an ascent
in atomization various organisations. Many software products working are now in
markets, which have helped in making the organizations work easier and efficiently.
Data management initially had to maintain a lot of ledgers and a lot of paper work
has to be done but now software product on this organization has made their work
faster and easier. Now only this software has to be loaded on the computer and work
can be done.
This prevents a lot of time and money. The work becomes fully automated
and any information regarding the organization can be obtained by clicking the
button. Moreover, now it’s an age of computers of and automating such an
organization gives the better look.
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC)
6
The systems development life cycle is a project management technique that
divides complex projects into smaller, more easily managed segments or phases.
Segmenting projects allows managers to verify the successful completion of project
phases before allocating resources to subsequent phases.
Software development projects typically include initiation, planning, design,
development, testing, implementation, and maintenance phases. However, the
phases may be divided differently depending on the organization involved.
For example, initial project activities might be designated as request,
requirements-definition, and planning phases, or initiation, concept-development,
and planning phases. End users of the system under development should be
involved in reviewing the output of each phase to ensure the system is being built to
deliver the needed functionality.
PHASES OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
INITIATION PHASE
The Initiation Phase begins when a business sponsor identifies a need or an
opportunity.
The purpose of the Initiation Phase is to:
7
 Identify and validate an opportunity to improve business accomplishments of
the organization or a deficiency related to a business need.
 Identify significant assumptions and constraints on solutions to that need.
 Recommend the exploration of alternative concepts and methods to satisfy
the need including questioning the need for technology, i.e., will a change in
the business process offer a solution?
 Assure executive business and executive technical sponsorship. The Sponsor
designates a Project Manager and the business need is documented in a
Concept Proposal. The Concept Proposal includes information about the
business process andthe relationship to the Agency/Organization.
 Infrastructure and the Strategic Plan. A successful Concept Proposal results
in a Project Management Charter which outlines the authority of the project
manager to begin
the project.
Careful oversight is required to ensure projects support strategic business
objectives and resources are effectively implemented into an organization's
enterprise architecture. The initiation phase begins when an opportunity to add,
improve, or correct a system is identified and formally requested through the
presentation of a business case. The business case should, at a minimum, describe
a proposal’s purpose, identify expected benefits, and explain how the proposed
system supports one of the organization’s business strategies. The business case
should also identify alternative solutions and detail as many informational, functional,
and network requirements as possible.
SYSTEM CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT PHASE
The System Concept Development Phase begins after a business need or
opportunity is validated by the Agency/Organization Program Leadership and the
Agency/Organization CIO.
The purpose of the System Concept Development Phase is to:
8
 Determine the feasibility and appropriateness of the alternatives.
 Identify system interfaces.
 Identify basic functional and data requirements to satisfy the business need.
 Establish system boundaries; identify goals, objectives, critical success
factors, and performance measures.
 Evaluate costs and benefits of alternative approaches to satisfy the basic
functional requirements
 Assess project risks
 Identify and initiate risk mitigation actions, andDevelop high-level technical
architecture, process models, data models, and a concept of operations. This
phase explores potential technical solutions within the context of the business
need.
 It may include several trade-off decisions such as the decision to use COTS
software products as opposed to developing custom software or reusing
software components, or the decision to use an incremental delivery versus a
complete, onetime deployment.
 Construction of executable prototypes is encouraged to evaluate technology
to support the business process. The System Boundary Document serves as
an important reference document to support the Information Technology
Project Request (ITPR) process.
 The ITPR must be approved by the State CIO before the project can move
forward.
PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF SDLC:
9
PLANNING PHASE
The planning phase is the most critical step in completing development,
acquisition, and maintenance projects. Careful planning, particularly in the early
stages of a project, is necessary to coordinate activities and manage project risks
effectively. The depth and formality of project plans should be commensurate with
the characteristics and risks of a given project. Project plans refine the information
gathered during the initiation phase by further identifying the specific activities and
resources required to complete a project.
A critical part of a project manager’ sjob is to coordinate discussions between
user, audit, security, design, development, and network personnel to identify and
document as many functional, security, and network requirements as possible.
During this phase, a plan is developed that documents the approach to be used and
includes a discussion of methods, tools, tasks, resources, project schedules, and
user input. Personnel assignments, costs, project schedule, and target dates are
established.
A Project Management Plan is created with components related to acquisition
planning, configuration management planning, quality assurance planning, concept
of operations, system security, verification and validation, and systems engineering
management planning.
10
REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS PHASE
This phase formally defines the detailed functional user requirements using
high-level requirements identified in the Initiation, System Concept, and Planning
phases. It also delineates the requirements in terms of data, system performance,
security, and maintainability requirements for the system. The requirements are
defined in this phase to alevel of detail sufficient for systems design to proceed. They
need to be measurable, testable, and relate to the business need or opportunity
identified in the Initiation Phase. The requirements that will be used to determine
acceptance of the system are captured in the Test and Evaluation MasterPlan.
The purposes of this phase are to:
 Further define and refine the functional and data requirements and document
them in the Requirements Document,
 Complete business process reengineering of the functions to be supported
(i.e., verify what information drives the business process, what information is
generated, who generates it, where does the information go, and who
processes it),
 Develop detailed data and process models (system inputs, outputs, and the
process.
 Develop the test and evaluation requirements that will be used to determine
acceptable system performance.
DESIGN PHASE
The design phase involves converting the informational, functional, and
network requirements identified during the initiation and planning phases into unified
design specifications that developers use to scriptprograms during the development
phase. Program designs are c onstructed in various ways. Using a top-down
approach, designers first identify and link majorprogram components and interfaces,
then expand design layouts as they identify and link smaller subsystems and
connections. Using a bottom-up approach, designers first identify and link minor
program components and interfaces, then expand design layouts as they identify
and link larger systems and connections. Contemporary design techniques often use
11
prototyping tools that build mock-up designs of items such as application screens,
database layouts, and system architectures. End users, designers, developers,
database managers, and network administrators should review and refine the
prototyped designs in an iterative process until they agree on an acceptable design.
Audit, security, and quality assurance personnel should be involved in the review
and approval process. During this phase, the system is designed to satisfy the
functional requirements identified in the previous phase. Since problems in the
design phase could be very expensive to solve in the later stage of the software
development, a variety of elements are considered in the design to mitigate risk.
These include:
 Identifying potential risks and defining mitigating design features.
 Performing a security risk assessment.
 Developing a conversion plan to migrate current data to the new system.
 Determining the operating environment.
 Defining major subsystems and their inputs and outputs.
 Allocating processes to resources.
 Preparing detailed logic specifications for each software module. The result is
a draft System Design Document which captures the preliminary design for
the system.
 Everything requiring user input or approval is documented and reviewed by
the user. Once these documents have been approved by the Agency CIO and
Business Sponsor, the final System Design Document is created to serve as
the Critical/Detailed Design for the system.
 This document receives a rigorous review byAgency technical and functional
representatives to ensure that it satisfies the business requirements.
Concurrent with the development of the system design, the Agency Project
Manager begins development of the Implementation Plan, Operations and
Maintenance Manual, and the Training Plan.
DEVELOPMENT PHASE
12
The development phase involves converting design specifications into
executable programs. Effective development standards include requirements that
programmers and other project participants discuss design specifications before
programming begins. The procedures help ensure programmers clearly
understand program designs and functional requirements. Programmers use
various techniques to develop computer programs. The large transaction oriented
programs associated with financial institutions have traditionally been developed
using procedural programming techniques. Procedural programming involves the
line-by-line scripting of logical instructions that are combined to form a
program.Effective completion of the previous stages is a key factor in the success
of the Development phase. The Development phase consists of:
 Translating the detailed requirements and design into system components.
 Testing individual elements (units) for usability.
 Preparing for integration and testing of the IT system.
INTEGRATION AND TEST PHASE
 Subsystem integration, system, security, and user acceptance testing is
conducted during the integration and test phase. The user, with those
responsible for quality assurance, validates that the functional requirements,
as defined in the functional requirements document, are satisfied by the
developed or modified system. OIT Security staff assess the system security
and issue a security certification and accreditation prior to
installation/implementation.
Multiple levels of testing are performed, including:
 Testing at the development facility by the contractor and possibly supported
by end users
 Testing as a deployed system with end users working together with contract
personnel
13
 Operational testing by the end user alone performing all functions.
Requirements are traced throughout testing,a final Independent Verification &
Validation evaluation is performed and all documentation is reviewedand
accepted prior to acceptance of the system.
IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
This phase is initiated after the system has been tested and accepted by the
user. In this phase, the system is installed to support the intended business
functions. System performance is compared to performance objectives established
during the planning phase. Implementation includes user notification, user training,
installation of hardware, installation of software onto production computers, and
integration of the system into daily work processes. This phase continues until the
system is operating in production in accordance with the defined userrequirements.
OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PHASE
The system operation is ongoing. The system is monitored for continued
performance in accordance with user requirements and needed system
modifications are incorporated. Operations continue as long as the system can be
effectively adapted to respond to the organization’s needs. When modifications or
changes are identified, the system may reenter the planning phase.
The purpose of this phase is to:
 Operate, maintain, and enhance the system.
 Certify that the system can process sensitive information.
 Conduct periodic assessments of the system to ensure the functional
requirements continue to be satisfied.
 Determine when the system needs to be modernized, replaced, or retired.
14
SOURCE CODE
================================================================
# PYTHON PROGRAM FILE : BOOK.py
import pymysql as cntr , datetime as __dt , matplotlib.pyplot
as plt
from random import shuffle
from tempfile import mktemp
from os import system , startfile
__db = cntr.connect(host = 'localhost' , user = 'root' ,
passwd = 'manager' , database = 'book_shop')
__cur = __db.cursor()
__db.autocommit(True)
#Function to check is it leap year
is_leapyear = lambda year : year % 4 == 0
#Function to get last date of month
def last_month(month , year):
if month in (1,3,5,7,8,10,12) : return 31
elif month == 2 and is_leapyear(year) : return 29
elif month == 2 : return 28
else : return 30
clrscreen = lambda : system("cls")
def view_stock() :
__cur.execute("select Book_No , Book_Name , Available_Stock from
stock")
data = __cur.fetchall()
print("Book NumbertBook NametStock")
for row in data : print(row[0] , 'tt' , row[1] , 't' ,
row[2])
def add_stock() :
print('Add Stock'.center(89 , '='))
bno = unique_book_no()
if bno :
print("Book Number : " , bno)
else : bno = int(input("Enter book number : "))
bname = input("Enter the Book's Name : ")
15
auth = input("Enter the Author of the Book : ")
publ = input("Enter the Publisher of the Book : ")
cost = eval(input("Enter the Cost per Book : "))
stock = int(input("Enter the Quantity purchased : "))
__cur.execute("insert into stock values ({} , '{}' , '{}' , '{}'
, {} , {} , {} , '{}')".format(bno , bname , auth , publ , cost ,
stock , 0, __dt.date.today()))
print("Inserted Sucessfully !!!")
def add_user() :
user = input("Enter the user name : ")
passwd = input("Enter a Password : ")
passwd2 = input("Enter Password to confirm : ")
if passwd == passwd2 :
__cur.execute("insert into users values('{}' ,
'{}')".format(user , passwd))
print("Created Successfully!!!")
elif passwd != passwd2 : print("You've entered different
passwords")
def sell_book() :
print('Purchase')
cname = input("Enter the Customer Name : ")
phno = int(input("Enter the phone number : "))
bno = int(input("Enter book number : "))
bname = input("Enter the name of the book : ")
cost = eval(input("Enter the cost of the book : "))
__cur.execute("insert into purchased values({} ,
'{}')".format(bno , __dt.date.today()))
__cur.execute("update stock set qty_purchased = qty_purchased +
1 where Book_No = {}".format(bno))
__cur.execute("update stock set Available_Stock =
Available_Stock - 1 where Book_No = {}".format(bno))
print("Bought Successfully")
q = '''Book ShopnName : {}nPhone No : {}nBook Number :
{}nBook Name : {}nCost : {}nDate Of Purchase : {}'''.format(cname
, phno , bno , bname , cost , __dt.date.today())
filename = mktemp('.txt')
open(filename , 'w').write(q)
startfile(filename , 'print')
__cur.execute('select Book_Name , Book_No , Author from stock
where Available_Stock = 0')
if __cur.rowcount == 1 :
print("STOCK OF ")
print("Book Name : " , __cur.fetchall()[0][0])
print("Book Number : " , __cur.fetchall()[0][1])
16
print("Author : " , __cur.fetchall()[0][2])
print("EXHAUSTED")
__cur.execute('delete from stock where Available_Stock = 0')
def unique_book_no () :
__cur.execute("select max(Book_No) from stock")
data = __cur.fetchall()
if bool(data[0][0]) :
L1 = [x for x in range((data[0][0] + 1) , (data[0][0] +
10000))]
shuffle(L1)
return L1.pop(0)
else : return False
def view_sales () :
print('Overall Sales This Month')
__cur.execute("select distinct(s.Book_Name) , s.qty_purchased
from stock s , purchased p where s.Book_No = p.Book_No and
p.purchased_on between '{year}-{month}-01' and '{year}-{month}-
{date}'".format(year = __dt.date.today().year , month =
__dt.date.today().month , date =
last_month(__dt.date.today().month , __dt.date.today().year)))
data = __cur.fetchall()
L1 , L2 = [] , []
for row in data :
L1.append(row[0])
L2.append(row[1])
plt.bar(L1 , L2)
plt.xlabel('Books')
plt.ylabel('Sales')
plt.title('Sales')
plt.show()
def login():
user = input("Enter the username : ")
pwd = input("Enter the password : ")
__cur.execute("Select * from users where (username = '{}' and
password = '{}')".format(user , pwd))
if __cur.rowcount : return True
def update_stock() :
bno = int(input("Enter the book number : "))
__cur.execute("select Book_Name , Available_Stock from stock
where Book_No = {}".format(bno))
17
data = __cur.fetchall()
print("Book Name : " , data[0][0])
print("Available Stock : " , data[0][1])
stock = int(input("Enter the new stock purchased : "))
__cur.execute("update stock set Available_Stock =
Available_Stock + {}".format(stock))
print("Updated Successfully")
====================================================================
# PYTHON MODULE : Tables_in_mysql
import pymysql as cntr
db = cntr.connect(host = 'localhost' , user = 'root' , passwd =
'manager')
db.autocommit(True)
cur = db.cursor()
cur.execute("create database if not exists book_shop")
cur.execute("use book_shop")
cur.execute("create table stock
(Book_No bigint primary key,
Book_Name varchar(255),
Author varchar(255),
Publisher varchar(255),
Cost_per_Book float,
Available_Stock bigint,
qty_purchased bigint,
purchased_on date)")
cur.execute("create table users(username varchar(255) , password
varchar(255) , check (username <> 'ADMIN'))")
cur.execute("create table purchased (Book_no bigint , purchased_on
date , foreign key(Book_no) references stock(Book_No))")
cur.execute("create unique index Book_Index on stock(Book_No)")
cur.execute("insert into users values('admin' , 'admin@123')")
print("Database and Tables created successfully")
c = input("Press any key to continue---->")
cur.close()
db.close()
====================================================================
# PYTHON MODULE : main
import Book
c = 'y'
while c.lower() == 'y' :
18
print("Book Shop Management".center(89 , '='))
print('1. Register')
print('2. Login')
print('3. Exit')
choice4 = int(input("Enter the serial number of your choice :
"))
if choice4 == 1 :
Book.clrscreen()
Book.add_user()
elif choice4 == 2 :
Book.clrscreen()
if Book.login() :
Book.clrscreen
C = 'y'
while C.lower() == 'y' :
Book.clrscreen()
print("Book Shop Management".center(89 , '='))
print("1. Book Stock")
print("2. Book Selling")
print("3. Exit")
choice = int(input("Enter the serial number of your
choice : "))
if choice == 1 :
Book.clrscreen()
print("Book Book".center(89 , '='))
print("1. Add a new Stock")
print("2. View all Stock")
print("3. Update an existing Stock")
print("4. Exit")
choice2 = int(input("Enter the choice : "))
if choice2 == 1 :
Book.clrscreen()
Book.add_stock()
elif choice2 == 2 :
Book.clrscreen()
Book.view_stock()
elif choice2 == 3 :
Book.clrscreen()
Book.update_stock()
elif choice2 == 4 :
print("Good Bye")
break
else : print("INVALID CHOICE")
elif choice == 2 :
Book.clrscreen()
print('Book Selling'.center(89 , '='))
print('1. Sell a book')
print('2. View Sales this month')
print("3. Exit")
choice3 = int(input("Enter your choice : "))
19
if choice3 == 1 :
Book.clrscreen()
Book.sell_book()
elif choice3 == 2 :
Book.clrscreen()
Book.view_sales()
elif choice3 == 3 :
print("Good Bye")
break
else : print("INVALID CHOICE")
elif choice == 3 :
print("Good Bye")
break
else : print("INVALID CHOICE")
C = input("Do you want to continue (y/[n]) : ")
else : print("Good Bye")
else :
print("Either your username or password is incorrect")
elif choice4 == 3 :
print("Good Bye")
break
else : print("INVALID CHOICE")
c = input("Do you want to return to main menu (y/[n]) : ")
else : print("Good Bye")
====================================================================
20
OUTPUT
TESTING
Software Testing is an empirical investigation conducted to provide
stakeholders with information about the quality of the product or service under test[1]
, with respect to the context in which it is intended to operate. Software Testing also
provides an objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to
appreciate and understand the risks at implementation of the software. Test
techniques include, but are not limited to, the process of executing a program or
application with the intent of finding software bugs.
It can also be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a software
program/application/product meets the business and technical requirements that
guided its design and development, so that it works as expected and can be
implemented with the same characteristics. Software Testing, depending on the
testing method employed, can be implemented at any time in the development
process, however the most test effort is employed after the requirements have been
defined and coding process has been completed.
21
TESTING METHODS
Software testing methods are traditionally divided into black box testing and
white box testing. These two approaches are used to describe the point of view that
a test engineer takes when designing test cases.
BLACK BOX TESTING
Black box testing treats the software as a "black box," without any knowledge
of internal implementation. Black box testing methods include: equivalence
partitioning, boundary value analysis, all-pairs testing, fuzz testing, model-based
testing, traceability matrix, exploratory testing and specification-based testing.
SPECIFICATION-BASED TESTING
Specification-based testing aims to test the functionality of software according
to the applicable requirements.[16] Thus, the tester inputs data into, and only sees
the output from, the test object. This level of testing usually requires thorough test
cases to be provided to the tester, who then can simply verify that for a given input,
the output value (or behaviour), either "is" or "is not" the same as the expected value
specified in the test case. Specification-based testing is necessary, but it is
insufficient to guard against certain risks
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
The black box tester has no "bonds" with the code, and a tester's perception
is very simple: a code must have bugs. Using the principle, "Ask and you shall
receive," black box testers find bugs where programmers don't. But, on the other
hand, black box testing has been said to be "like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a
flashlight," because the tester doesn't know how the software being tested was
actually constructed.
That's why there are situations when (1) a black box tester writes many test
cases to check something that can be tested by only one test case, and/or (2) some
parts of the back end are not tested at all. Therefore, black box testing has the
advantage of "an unaffiliated opinion," on the one hand, and the disadvantage of
"blind exploring," on the other.
22
WHITE BOX TESTING
White box testing, by contrast to black box testing, is when the tester has
access to the internal data structures and algorithms (and the code that implement
these)
Types of white box testing:-
The following types of white box testing exist:
 api testing - Testing of the application using Public and Private APIs.
 Code coverage - creating tests to satisfy some criteria of code
coverage.
For example, the test designer can create tests to cause all statements in the
program to be executed at least once.
 fault injection methods.
 mutation testing methods.
 static testing - White box testing includes all static testing.
CODE COMPLETENESS EVALUATION
White box testing methods can also be used to evaluate the completeness of
a test suite that was created with black box testing methods. This allows the software
team to examine parts of a system that are rarely tested and ensures that the most
important function points have been tested.
Two common forms of code coverage are:
 Function Coverage: Which reports on functions executed and
 Statement Coverage: Which reports on the number of lines executed
to complete the test.
They both return coverage metric, measured as a percentage
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
23
I.OPERATING SYSTEM : WINDOWS 7 AND ABOVE
II. PROCESSOR : PENTIUM(ANY) OR AMD
ATHALON(3800+- 4200+ DUAL CORE)
III. MOTHERBOARD : 1.845 OR 915,995 FOR PENTIUM 0R MSI
K9MM-V VIA K8M800+8237R PLUS
CHIPSET FOR AMD ATHALON
IV. RAM : 512MB+
V. Hard disk : SATA 40 GB OR ABOVE
VI. CD/DVD r/w multi drive combo: (If back up required)
VII. FLOPPY DRIVE 1.44 MB : (If Backup required)
VIII. MONITOR 14.1 or 15 -17 inch
IX. Key board and mouse
X. Printer : required
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
I. Windows OS
II. Python
.
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE:
Book Stall Management :-
24
-------------------------------------
Pre-Requisites :-
------------------------
1. You have to have the following softwares for the successful running
of this software; which are
I) Python (Only for the First time), it is downloadable from
'www.python.org'.
II) MySQL (Only for the First time), it is downloadable from
'www.mysql.org'.
Installation :-
-------------------
1. There will be two folders namely 'Python Files' and 'EXE files'.
2. The folder 'Python Files' will contain the source code of the software
in python language. If you are running the software by the 3rd step
mentioned below you have to pre install the following modules :-
I) mysql.connector
II) matplotlib.
3. Open the files in any python editors and run it to start and work on
the software.
4. The folder 'EXE files' will contain two files namely 'main.exe' and
'Tables_in_mysql.exe'.
5. First run the 'Tables_in_mysql.exe' to create the tables in MySQL.
25
6. Then run the file 'main.exe' to start and work on the software.
CAUTION :-
=========
If you are running the software through running the python files or by
running the .exe files ; first run the file named 'Tables_in_mysql'.
The .exe file will take a lot of time; so be PATIENT.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Computer science With Python - Class XI By : Sumita Arora
26
2. A Project Report On Space Invader Game and Gold Loan Shop
Management (GLSM)
By : PJEYABALAN
3. Website: https://www.youtube.com
***
27

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LBA SYNOPSIS.pdf

  • 1. J N V RUDRAPRAYAG ,UTTARAKHAND ACADEMIC YEAR : 2021-22 PROJECT REPORT ON LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM NA M E : MAHDEEP BISHT,HIMANSHU DUMAGA CLASS : XII – SCIENCE SUBJECT : COMPUTER SCIENCE SUB CODE : 083 PROJECT GUIDE: Mr YOGESH NAMA PGT (CS) JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA RUDRAPRAYAG DISTT UTTARAKHAND 1
  • 2. JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDAYALAYA RUDRAPRAYAG CERTIFICATE This is to certify that MAHDEEP AND HIMANSHU has successfully completed the project Work entitled LIBRARY MANAGEMENTS SYSTEM in the subject Computer Science (083) laid down in the regulations of CBSE for the purpose of Practical Examination in Class XII to be held in JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA on ____________. Examiner: Name: _______________ Signature: (YOGESH NAMA) PGT Comp Sci 2
  • 3. TABLE OF CONTENTS [ T O C ] SER DESCRIPTION 01 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 02 INTRODUCTION 03 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 04 PROPOSED SYSTEM 05 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) 06 PHASES OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE 07 FLOW CHART 08 SOURCE CODE 09 OUTPUT 10 TESTING 11 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 12 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 13 BIBLIOGRAPHY 3
  • 4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Apart from the efforts of me, the success of any project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project. I express deep sense of gratitude to almighty God for giving me strength for the successful completion of the project. I express my heartfelt gratitude to my parents for constant encouragement while carrying out this project. I gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the individuals who contributed in bringing this project up to this level, who continues to look after me despite my flaws, I express my deep sense of gratitude to the luminary The Principal, Sainik School Amaravathinagar who has been continuously motivating and extending their helping hand to us. I express my sincere thanks to the academician The Vice Principal, Sainik School Amaravathinagar, for constant encouragement and the guidance provided during this project I am overwhelmed to express my thanks to The Administrative Officer for providing me an infrastructure and moral support while carrying out this project in the school. My sincere thanks to Mr. YOGESH NAMA, Master In-charge, A guide, Mentor all the above a friend, who critically reviewed my project and helped in solving each and every problem, occurred during implementation of the project The guidance and support received from all the members who contributed and who are contributing to this project, was vital for the success of the project. I am grateful for their constant support and help. 4
  • 5. PROJECT ON LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INTRODUCTION This project is all about a software for library. It helps the Book Stall Owner to have a full-fledged control over his/her stall. It adds a new stock, updates an existing stock and ofcourse prints a receipt to the customer. Besides it displays a graph of the sales of the current month. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT The objective of this project is to let the students apply the programming knowledge into a real- world situation/problem and exposed the students how programming skills helps in developing a good software. 1. Write programs utilizing modern software tools. 2. Apply object oriented programming principles effectively when developing small to medium sized projects. 3. Write effective procedural code to solve small to medium sized problems. 4. Students will demonstrate a breadth of knowledge in computer science, as exemplified in the areas of systems, theory and software development. 5. Students will demonstrate ability to conduct a research or applied Computer Science project, requiring writing and presentation skills which exemplify scholarly style in computer science. 5
  • 6. PROPOSED SYSTEM Today one cannot afford to rely on the fallible human beings of be really wants to stand against today’s merciless competition where not to wise saying “to err is human” no longer valid, it’s outdated to rationalize your mistake. So, to keep pace with time, to bring about the best result without malfunctioning and greater efficiency so to replace the unending heaps of flies with a much sophisticated hard disk of the computer. One has to use the data management software. Software has been an ascent in atomization various organisations. Many software products working are now in markets, which have helped in making the organizations work easier and efficiently. Data management initially had to maintain a lot of ledgers and a lot of paper work has to be done but now software product on this organization has made their work faster and easier. Now only this software has to be loaded on the computer and work can be done. This prevents a lot of time and money. The work becomes fully automated and any information regarding the organization can be obtained by clicking the button. Moreover, now it’s an age of computers of and automating such an organization gives the better look. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) 6
  • 7. The systems development life cycle is a project management technique that divides complex projects into smaller, more easily managed segments or phases. Segmenting projects allows managers to verify the successful completion of project phases before allocating resources to subsequent phases. Software development projects typically include initiation, planning, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance phases. However, the phases may be divided differently depending on the organization involved. For example, initial project activities might be designated as request, requirements-definition, and planning phases, or initiation, concept-development, and planning phases. End users of the system under development should be involved in reviewing the output of each phase to ensure the system is being built to deliver the needed functionality. PHASES OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE INITIATION PHASE The Initiation Phase begins when a business sponsor identifies a need or an opportunity. The purpose of the Initiation Phase is to: 7
  • 8.  Identify and validate an opportunity to improve business accomplishments of the organization or a deficiency related to a business need.  Identify significant assumptions and constraints on solutions to that need.  Recommend the exploration of alternative concepts and methods to satisfy the need including questioning the need for technology, i.e., will a change in the business process offer a solution?  Assure executive business and executive technical sponsorship. The Sponsor designates a Project Manager and the business need is documented in a Concept Proposal. The Concept Proposal includes information about the business process andthe relationship to the Agency/Organization.  Infrastructure and the Strategic Plan. A successful Concept Proposal results in a Project Management Charter which outlines the authority of the project manager to begin the project. Careful oversight is required to ensure projects support strategic business objectives and resources are effectively implemented into an organization's enterprise architecture. The initiation phase begins when an opportunity to add, improve, or correct a system is identified and formally requested through the presentation of a business case. The business case should, at a minimum, describe a proposal’s purpose, identify expected benefits, and explain how the proposed system supports one of the organization’s business strategies. The business case should also identify alternative solutions and detail as many informational, functional, and network requirements as possible. SYSTEM CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT PHASE The System Concept Development Phase begins after a business need or opportunity is validated by the Agency/Organization Program Leadership and the Agency/Organization CIO. The purpose of the System Concept Development Phase is to: 8
  • 9.  Determine the feasibility and appropriateness of the alternatives.  Identify system interfaces.  Identify basic functional and data requirements to satisfy the business need.  Establish system boundaries; identify goals, objectives, critical success factors, and performance measures.  Evaluate costs and benefits of alternative approaches to satisfy the basic functional requirements  Assess project risks  Identify and initiate risk mitigation actions, andDevelop high-level technical architecture, process models, data models, and a concept of operations. This phase explores potential technical solutions within the context of the business need.  It may include several trade-off decisions such as the decision to use COTS software products as opposed to developing custom software or reusing software components, or the decision to use an incremental delivery versus a complete, onetime deployment.  Construction of executable prototypes is encouraged to evaluate technology to support the business process. The System Boundary Document serves as an important reference document to support the Information Technology Project Request (ITPR) process.  The ITPR must be approved by the State CIO before the project can move forward. PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF SDLC: 9
  • 10. PLANNING PHASE The planning phase is the most critical step in completing development, acquisition, and maintenance projects. Careful planning, particularly in the early stages of a project, is necessary to coordinate activities and manage project risks effectively. The depth and formality of project plans should be commensurate with the characteristics and risks of a given project. Project plans refine the information gathered during the initiation phase by further identifying the specific activities and resources required to complete a project. A critical part of a project manager’ sjob is to coordinate discussions between user, audit, security, design, development, and network personnel to identify and document as many functional, security, and network requirements as possible. During this phase, a plan is developed that documents the approach to be used and includes a discussion of methods, tools, tasks, resources, project schedules, and user input. Personnel assignments, costs, project schedule, and target dates are established. A Project Management Plan is created with components related to acquisition planning, configuration management planning, quality assurance planning, concept of operations, system security, verification and validation, and systems engineering management planning. 10
  • 11. REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS PHASE This phase formally defines the detailed functional user requirements using high-level requirements identified in the Initiation, System Concept, and Planning phases. It also delineates the requirements in terms of data, system performance, security, and maintainability requirements for the system. The requirements are defined in this phase to alevel of detail sufficient for systems design to proceed. They need to be measurable, testable, and relate to the business need or opportunity identified in the Initiation Phase. The requirements that will be used to determine acceptance of the system are captured in the Test and Evaluation MasterPlan. The purposes of this phase are to:  Further define and refine the functional and data requirements and document them in the Requirements Document,  Complete business process reengineering of the functions to be supported (i.e., verify what information drives the business process, what information is generated, who generates it, where does the information go, and who processes it),  Develop detailed data and process models (system inputs, outputs, and the process.  Develop the test and evaluation requirements that will be used to determine acceptable system performance. DESIGN PHASE The design phase involves converting the informational, functional, and network requirements identified during the initiation and planning phases into unified design specifications that developers use to scriptprograms during the development phase. Program designs are c onstructed in various ways. Using a top-down approach, designers first identify and link majorprogram components and interfaces, then expand design layouts as they identify and link smaller subsystems and connections. Using a bottom-up approach, designers first identify and link minor program components and interfaces, then expand design layouts as they identify and link larger systems and connections. Contemporary design techniques often use 11
  • 12. prototyping tools that build mock-up designs of items such as application screens, database layouts, and system architectures. End users, designers, developers, database managers, and network administrators should review and refine the prototyped designs in an iterative process until they agree on an acceptable design. Audit, security, and quality assurance personnel should be involved in the review and approval process. During this phase, the system is designed to satisfy the functional requirements identified in the previous phase. Since problems in the design phase could be very expensive to solve in the later stage of the software development, a variety of elements are considered in the design to mitigate risk. These include:  Identifying potential risks and defining mitigating design features.  Performing a security risk assessment.  Developing a conversion plan to migrate current data to the new system.  Determining the operating environment.  Defining major subsystems and their inputs and outputs.  Allocating processes to resources.  Preparing detailed logic specifications for each software module. The result is a draft System Design Document which captures the preliminary design for the system.  Everything requiring user input or approval is documented and reviewed by the user. Once these documents have been approved by the Agency CIO and Business Sponsor, the final System Design Document is created to serve as the Critical/Detailed Design for the system.  This document receives a rigorous review byAgency technical and functional representatives to ensure that it satisfies the business requirements. Concurrent with the development of the system design, the Agency Project Manager begins development of the Implementation Plan, Operations and Maintenance Manual, and the Training Plan. DEVELOPMENT PHASE 12
  • 13. The development phase involves converting design specifications into executable programs. Effective development standards include requirements that programmers and other project participants discuss design specifications before programming begins. The procedures help ensure programmers clearly understand program designs and functional requirements. Programmers use various techniques to develop computer programs. The large transaction oriented programs associated with financial institutions have traditionally been developed using procedural programming techniques. Procedural programming involves the line-by-line scripting of logical instructions that are combined to form a program.Effective completion of the previous stages is a key factor in the success of the Development phase. The Development phase consists of:  Translating the detailed requirements and design into system components.  Testing individual elements (units) for usability.  Preparing for integration and testing of the IT system. INTEGRATION AND TEST PHASE  Subsystem integration, system, security, and user acceptance testing is conducted during the integration and test phase. The user, with those responsible for quality assurance, validates that the functional requirements, as defined in the functional requirements document, are satisfied by the developed or modified system. OIT Security staff assess the system security and issue a security certification and accreditation prior to installation/implementation. Multiple levels of testing are performed, including:  Testing at the development facility by the contractor and possibly supported by end users  Testing as a deployed system with end users working together with contract personnel 13
  • 14.  Operational testing by the end user alone performing all functions. Requirements are traced throughout testing,a final Independent Verification & Validation evaluation is performed and all documentation is reviewedand accepted prior to acceptance of the system. IMPLEMENTATION PHASE This phase is initiated after the system has been tested and accepted by the user. In this phase, the system is installed to support the intended business functions. System performance is compared to performance objectives established during the planning phase. Implementation includes user notification, user training, installation of hardware, installation of software onto production computers, and integration of the system into daily work processes. This phase continues until the system is operating in production in accordance with the defined userrequirements. OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PHASE The system operation is ongoing. The system is monitored for continued performance in accordance with user requirements and needed system modifications are incorporated. Operations continue as long as the system can be effectively adapted to respond to the organization’s needs. When modifications or changes are identified, the system may reenter the planning phase. The purpose of this phase is to:  Operate, maintain, and enhance the system.  Certify that the system can process sensitive information.  Conduct periodic assessments of the system to ensure the functional requirements continue to be satisfied.  Determine when the system needs to be modernized, replaced, or retired. 14
  • 15. SOURCE CODE ================================================================ # PYTHON PROGRAM FILE : BOOK.py import pymysql as cntr , datetime as __dt , matplotlib.pyplot as plt from random import shuffle from tempfile import mktemp from os import system , startfile __db = cntr.connect(host = 'localhost' , user = 'root' , passwd = 'manager' , database = 'book_shop') __cur = __db.cursor() __db.autocommit(True) #Function to check is it leap year is_leapyear = lambda year : year % 4 == 0 #Function to get last date of month def last_month(month , year): if month in (1,3,5,7,8,10,12) : return 31 elif month == 2 and is_leapyear(year) : return 29 elif month == 2 : return 28 else : return 30 clrscreen = lambda : system("cls") def view_stock() : __cur.execute("select Book_No , Book_Name , Available_Stock from stock") data = __cur.fetchall() print("Book NumbertBook NametStock") for row in data : print(row[0] , 'tt' , row[1] , 't' , row[2]) def add_stock() : print('Add Stock'.center(89 , '=')) bno = unique_book_no() if bno : print("Book Number : " , bno) else : bno = int(input("Enter book number : ")) bname = input("Enter the Book's Name : ") 15
  • 16. auth = input("Enter the Author of the Book : ") publ = input("Enter the Publisher of the Book : ") cost = eval(input("Enter the Cost per Book : ")) stock = int(input("Enter the Quantity purchased : ")) __cur.execute("insert into stock values ({} , '{}' , '{}' , '{}' , {} , {} , {} , '{}')".format(bno , bname , auth , publ , cost , stock , 0, __dt.date.today())) print("Inserted Sucessfully !!!") def add_user() : user = input("Enter the user name : ") passwd = input("Enter a Password : ") passwd2 = input("Enter Password to confirm : ") if passwd == passwd2 : __cur.execute("insert into users values('{}' , '{}')".format(user , passwd)) print("Created Successfully!!!") elif passwd != passwd2 : print("You've entered different passwords") def sell_book() : print('Purchase') cname = input("Enter the Customer Name : ") phno = int(input("Enter the phone number : ")) bno = int(input("Enter book number : ")) bname = input("Enter the name of the book : ") cost = eval(input("Enter the cost of the book : ")) __cur.execute("insert into purchased values({} , '{}')".format(bno , __dt.date.today())) __cur.execute("update stock set qty_purchased = qty_purchased + 1 where Book_No = {}".format(bno)) __cur.execute("update stock set Available_Stock = Available_Stock - 1 where Book_No = {}".format(bno)) print("Bought Successfully") q = '''Book ShopnName : {}nPhone No : {}nBook Number : {}nBook Name : {}nCost : {}nDate Of Purchase : {}'''.format(cname , phno , bno , bname , cost , __dt.date.today()) filename = mktemp('.txt') open(filename , 'w').write(q) startfile(filename , 'print') __cur.execute('select Book_Name , Book_No , Author from stock where Available_Stock = 0') if __cur.rowcount == 1 : print("STOCK OF ") print("Book Name : " , __cur.fetchall()[0][0]) print("Book Number : " , __cur.fetchall()[0][1]) 16
  • 17. print("Author : " , __cur.fetchall()[0][2]) print("EXHAUSTED") __cur.execute('delete from stock where Available_Stock = 0') def unique_book_no () : __cur.execute("select max(Book_No) from stock") data = __cur.fetchall() if bool(data[0][0]) : L1 = [x for x in range((data[0][0] + 1) , (data[0][0] + 10000))] shuffle(L1) return L1.pop(0) else : return False def view_sales () : print('Overall Sales This Month') __cur.execute("select distinct(s.Book_Name) , s.qty_purchased from stock s , purchased p where s.Book_No = p.Book_No and p.purchased_on between '{year}-{month}-01' and '{year}-{month}- {date}'".format(year = __dt.date.today().year , month = __dt.date.today().month , date = last_month(__dt.date.today().month , __dt.date.today().year))) data = __cur.fetchall() L1 , L2 = [] , [] for row in data : L1.append(row[0]) L2.append(row[1]) plt.bar(L1 , L2) plt.xlabel('Books') plt.ylabel('Sales') plt.title('Sales') plt.show() def login(): user = input("Enter the username : ") pwd = input("Enter the password : ") __cur.execute("Select * from users where (username = '{}' and password = '{}')".format(user , pwd)) if __cur.rowcount : return True def update_stock() : bno = int(input("Enter the book number : ")) __cur.execute("select Book_Name , Available_Stock from stock where Book_No = {}".format(bno)) 17
  • 18. data = __cur.fetchall() print("Book Name : " , data[0][0]) print("Available Stock : " , data[0][1]) stock = int(input("Enter the new stock purchased : ")) __cur.execute("update stock set Available_Stock = Available_Stock + {}".format(stock)) print("Updated Successfully") ==================================================================== # PYTHON MODULE : Tables_in_mysql import pymysql as cntr db = cntr.connect(host = 'localhost' , user = 'root' , passwd = 'manager') db.autocommit(True) cur = db.cursor() cur.execute("create database if not exists book_shop") cur.execute("use book_shop") cur.execute("create table stock (Book_No bigint primary key, Book_Name varchar(255), Author varchar(255), Publisher varchar(255), Cost_per_Book float, Available_Stock bigint, qty_purchased bigint, purchased_on date)") cur.execute("create table users(username varchar(255) , password varchar(255) , check (username <> 'ADMIN'))") cur.execute("create table purchased (Book_no bigint , purchased_on date , foreign key(Book_no) references stock(Book_No))") cur.execute("create unique index Book_Index on stock(Book_No)") cur.execute("insert into users values('admin' , 'admin@123')") print("Database and Tables created successfully") c = input("Press any key to continue---->") cur.close() db.close() ==================================================================== # PYTHON MODULE : main import Book c = 'y' while c.lower() == 'y' : 18
  • 19. print("Book Shop Management".center(89 , '=')) print('1. Register') print('2. Login') print('3. Exit') choice4 = int(input("Enter the serial number of your choice : ")) if choice4 == 1 : Book.clrscreen() Book.add_user() elif choice4 == 2 : Book.clrscreen() if Book.login() : Book.clrscreen C = 'y' while C.lower() == 'y' : Book.clrscreen() print("Book Shop Management".center(89 , '=')) print("1. Book Stock") print("2. Book Selling") print("3. Exit") choice = int(input("Enter the serial number of your choice : ")) if choice == 1 : Book.clrscreen() print("Book Book".center(89 , '=')) print("1. Add a new Stock") print("2. View all Stock") print("3. Update an existing Stock") print("4. Exit") choice2 = int(input("Enter the choice : ")) if choice2 == 1 : Book.clrscreen() Book.add_stock() elif choice2 == 2 : Book.clrscreen() Book.view_stock() elif choice2 == 3 : Book.clrscreen() Book.update_stock() elif choice2 == 4 : print("Good Bye") break else : print("INVALID CHOICE") elif choice == 2 : Book.clrscreen() print('Book Selling'.center(89 , '=')) print('1. Sell a book') print('2. View Sales this month') print("3. Exit") choice3 = int(input("Enter your choice : ")) 19
  • 20. if choice3 == 1 : Book.clrscreen() Book.sell_book() elif choice3 == 2 : Book.clrscreen() Book.view_sales() elif choice3 == 3 : print("Good Bye") break else : print("INVALID CHOICE") elif choice == 3 : print("Good Bye") break else : print("INVALID CHOICE") C = input("Do you want to continue (y/[n]) : ") else : print("Good Bye") else : print("Either your username or password is incorrect") elif choice4 == 3 : print("Good Bye") break else : print("INVALID CHOICE") c = input("Do you want to return to main menu (y/[n]) : ") else : print("Good Bye") ==================================================================== 20
  • 21. OUTPUT TESTING Software Testing is an empirical investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the product or service under test[1] , with respect to the context in which it is intended to operate. Software Testing also provides an objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks at implementation of the software. Test techniques include, but are not limited to, the process of executing a program or application with the intent of finding software bugs. It can also be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a software program/application/product meets the business and technical requirements that guided its design and development, so that it works as expected and can be implemented with the same characteristics. Software Testing, depending on the testing method employed, can be implemented at any time in the development process, however the most test effort is employed after the requirements have been defined and coding process has been completed. 21
  • 22. TESTING METHODS Software testing methods are traditionally divided into black box testing and white box testing. These two approaches are used to describe the point of view that a test engineer takes when designing test cases. BLACK BOX TESTING Black box testing treats the software as a "black box," without any knowledge of internal implementation. Black box testing methods include: equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, all-pairs testing, fuzz testing, model-based testing, traceability matrix, exploratory testing and specification-based testing. SPECIFICATION-BASED TESTING Specification-based testing aims to test the functionality of software according to the applicable requirements.[16] Thus, the tester inputs data into, and only sees the output from, the test object. This level of testing usually requires thorough test cases to be provided to the tester, who then can simply verify that for a given input, the output value (or behaviour), either "is" or "is not" the same as the expected value specified in the test case. Specification-based testing is necessary, but it is insufficient to guard against certain risks ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES The black box tester has no "bonds" with the code, and a tester's perception is very simple: a code must have bugs. Using the principle, "Ask and you shall receive," black box testers find bugs where programmers don't. But, on the other hand, black box testing has been said to be "like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight," because the tester doesn't know how the software being tested was actually constructed. That's why there are situations when (1) a black box tester writes many test cases to check something that can be tested by only one test case, and/or (2) some parts of the back end are not tested at all. Therefore, black box testing has the advantage of "an unaffiliated opinion," on the one hand, and the disadvantage of "blind exploring," on the other. 22
  • 23. WHITE BOX TESTING White box testing, by contrast to black box testing, is when the tester has access to the internal data structures and algorithms (and the code that implement these) Types of white box testing:- The following types of white box testing exist:  api testing - Testing of the application using Public and Private APIs.  Code coverage - creating tests to satisfy some criteria of code coverage. For example, the test designer can create tests to cause all statements in the program to be executed at least once.  fault injection methods.  mutation testing methods.  static testing - White box testing includes all static testing. CODE COMPLETENESS EVALUATION White box testing methods can also be used to evaluate the completeness of a test suite that was created with black box testing methods. This allows the software team to examine parts of a system that are rarely tested and ensures that the most important function points have been tested. Two common forms of code coverage are:  Function Coverage: Which reports on functions executed and  Statement Coverage: Which reports on the number of lines executed to complete the test. They both return coverage metric, measured as a percentage HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 23
  • 24. I.OPERATING SYSTEM : WINDOWS 7 AND ABOVE II. PROCESSOR : PENTIUM(ANY) OR AMD ATHALON(3800+- 4200+ DUAL CORE) III. MOTHERBOARD : 1.845 OR 915,995 FOR PENTIUM 0R MSI K9MM-V VIA K8M800+8237R PLUS CHIPSET FOR AMD ATHALON IV. RAM : 512MB+ V. Hard disk : SATA 40 GB OR ABOVE VI. CD/DVD r/w multi drive combo: (If back up required) VII. FLOPPY DRIVE 1.44 MB : (If Backup required) VIII. MONITOR 14.1 or 15 -17 inch IX. Key board and mouse X. Printer : required SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS: I. Windows OS II. Python . INSTALLATION PROCEDURE: Book Stall Management :- 24
  • 25. ------------------------------------- Pre-Requisites :- ------------------------ 1. You have to have the following softwares for the successful running of this software; which are I) Python (Only for the First time), it is downloadable from 'www.python.org'. II) MySQL (Only for the First time), it is downloadable from 'www.mysql.org'. Installation :- ------------------- 1. There will be two folders namely 'Python Files' and 'EXE files'. 2. The folder 'Python Files' will contain the source code of the software in python language. If you are running the software by the 3rd step mentioned below you have to pre install the following modules :- I) mysql.connector II) matplotlib. 3. Open the files in any python editors and run it to start and work on the software. 4. The folder 'EXE files' will contain two files namely 'main.exe' and 'Tables_in_mysql.exe'. 5. First run the 'Tables_in_mysql.exe' to create the tables in MySQL. 25
  • 26. 6. Then run the file 'main.exe' to start and work on the software. CAUTION :- ========= If you are running the software through running the python files or by running the .exe files ; first run the file named 'Tables_in_mysql'. The .exe file will take a lot of time; so be PATIENT. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Computer science With Python - Class XI By : Sumita Arora 26
  • 27. 2. A Project Report On Space Invader Game and Gold Loan Shop Management (GLSM) By : PJEYABALAN 3. Website: https://www.youtube.com *** 27