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leadership & management updated In nursing
- 1. GROUP 2 Mochi Zulu.:20200138 Bruno Ngalande. :20180287 Kabukabu Anayawa. :20200599
- 2. OBJECTIVES • Definitions • KeyComponents of monitoring& Evaluation • Key principals • Different levels of monitoring& Evaluation
- 3. DEFINITIONS • Evaluation is asystematic and intentional process of gathering and analyzing data (quantitative and qualitative), to inform learning, decision-making and action. • Monitoring: is a critical function that involves the continuous oversight of activities, processes, and team performance to ensure alignment with organizational goals and objectives.
- 4. Definitions… • Monitoring andevaluation (M&E) :in health care services is a systematic process that involves the collection, analysis, and use of data to inform decision-making and improve health outcomes.
- 5. Key components ofM&E • Clear Objectives and Indicators: • M&E should be guided by clear objectives and indicators that are relevant, measurable, and achievable. Objectives and indicators should be developed in consultation with stakeholders, and should be linked to the overall goals of the healthcare program or service. • Data Collection: • M&E in the health sector requires the systematic collection of data, using appropriate methods and tools. This involves identifying the most appropriate data sources, such as health records, surveys, and interviews, and ensuring that data is collected in a consistent and standardized manner.
- 6. Key components cont… •Data Analysis: • Once data has been collected, it needs to be analyzed in a systematic and rigorous manner. This involves using appropriate statistical methods and tools to analyze the data, and ensuring that the results are valid and reliable. • Reporting and Feedback: • M&E results should be reported and shared with stakeholders in a timely and accessible manner. This involves developing clear and concise reports, and providing feedback to stakeholders on the results of the M&E.
- 7. Key components continue.. •Use of Results: • M&E results should be used to inform decision making and improve healthcare outcomes. This involves using the results to identify areas for improvement, and developing strategies and interventions to address these areas.
- 8. Key principles formonitoring and evaluation in the health sector Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is an essential part of any health program or intervention. M&E provides critical information on the effectiveness, efficiency, and impact of health interventions, which can be used to improve decision-making and program implementation. There are several key principles that should guide M&E in the health sector: • Inclusivity: • M&E should involve all stakeholders, including health workers, patients, community members, and policymakers, to ensure that everyone has a voice in the process and that programs are responsive to the needs of the community.
- 9. • Clarity ofobjectives: • M&E should have clear and specific objectives that are aligned with the goals of the health program or intervention. Objectives should be defined using the SMART framework (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound). • Use of appropriate methods: • M&E should use appropriate methods and tools to collect data, depending on the nature of the program or intervention being evaluated. These methods should be reliable, valid, and culturally appropriate.
- 10. • Data quality: •M&E data should be accurate, reliable, and timely. Data should be collected consistently over time to enable comparisons and trend analysis. • Ethical considerations: • M&E should be conducted in an ethical and responsible manner, respecting the privacy and confidentiality of participants and adhering to ethical standards.
- 11. • Flexibility: • M&Eshould be flexible and adaptable to changing circumstances. Programs and interventions may need to be adjusted based on M&E findings to ensure that they remain relevant and effective. • Utilization of findings: • M&E findings should be used to inform decision-making and program improvements. M&E reports should be communicated to stakeholders in a clear and concise manner, and recommendations should be actionable.
- 12. • Sustainability: • M&Eshould be integrated into the health program or intervention from the outset to ensure that it is sustainable over time. M&E should be included in program budgets and planning processes to ensure that it is adequately resourced.
- 13. • Monitoring andEvaluation (M&E) in health care services is a systematic process that involves the collection, analysis, and use of data to inform decision-making and improve health outcomes. Here’s an overview of how M&E operates at different levels: • National or Policy Level: • At this level, M&E focuses on assessing the performance of national health programs and policies. It involves: Different levels of monitoring and evaluation in health care services
- 14. Different levels ofmonitoring and evaluation in health care services Setting national health objectives and indicators. Collecting data through health information systems. Evaluating health outcomes against national benchmarks and targets. • Informing policy decisions and resource allocation.
- 15. Different levels ofmonitoring and evaluation in health care services • Program or Project Level: • For specific health programs or projects, M&E is used to track progress and effectiveness. This includes:
- 16. Different levels ofmonitoring and evaluation in health care services Developing a Logical Framework Approach to outline the program’s structure1. Establishing performance indicators for each result level. Regularly tracking these indicators over the life of the project. • Conducting evaluations to compare actual outcomes with planned ones.
- 17. Different levels ofmonitoring and evaluation in health care services • Facility or Service Delivery Level: • At the health facility level, M&E ensures that services are delivered effectively. Key activities are: • Implementing quality assurance mechanisms. • Monitoring service delivery processes and patient satisfaction. • Using data to improve clinical practices and patient care.
- 18. Different levels ofmonitoring and evaluation in health care services • Community Level: M&E at the community level involves: • Engaging with community members to understand their health needs. • Monitoring community-based health interventions. • Evaluating the impact of health programs on community health indicators.
- 19. Different levels ofmonitoring and evaluation in health care services • Challenges and Opportunities: • M&E systems face challenges such as data quality, integration of services, and sustaining systems. However, they also present opportunities to improve accountability, transparency, and responsiveness of health services to community needs1.
- 20. Cont…. • 1. Toplevel: • ensuring achievement of impact and provision of inputs • mainly. Major concern to devise strategy and allocate resources • 2. Middle level: concerned with getting the desired output with the inputs utilized. Need to exercise supervision, provide support and take timely corrective action • 3. Lower level/operational level: • supervise actual operations and to ensure that planned activities are being carried out as per • schedule
- 21. Conclusion • In summary,M&E is crucial for improving the quality and effectiveness of healthcare services by identifying strengths and weaknesses, making evidence-based decisions, and ensuring that healthcare programs are responsive to the needs of communities. It’s a continuous process that requires collaboration among various stakeholders, including healthcare providers, patients, and policymakers.
- 25. References • Burgoyne, J.(2012). Evaluation of Management, Leadership, and Organizational Development. In: Seel, N.M. (eds) Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. Springer, Boston, MA. • Fritz, M. S., & Arthur, A. M. (2017). Moderator variables. Oxford Research Encyclopedias, Psychology. • Formers: A study of motivational factors. Creativity Research Journal, 27(4), 361-368., . • Pakarinen, E., Lerkhanen, M-K., Poikkeus, A-M., Sidkkinen, M., & Nuirmi, J-E. (2010). Classroom organization and teacher stress predict learning motivation in kindergarten children. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 25(3), 281-300. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23421684 • Schermerhorn, J. R., & Wright, B. (2014). Management: Third Canadian Edition. John Wiley & Sons Canada.