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Leadershipstylespowerpointgroupd st revised-02_08_2012
- 1. Linda Sheppard, SherondaSmith, Shonte Taylor, SalmaTheus, Kathie Trotter
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- 3. An authoritative leadershipstyle also known as autocratic or commanding style refers to when the individual who makes the prime decisions about a group, a company, an organization or a country, is the central decision maker, who has authority and demands mission accomplishment without counting on input from their followers.
- 4. A famous theoristthat proven the impact of authority in normal human being is Milgram (1974) who found that human have two possible acts, their own, or on behalf of others or authority (Masters, 2009). Like all leadership styles, authoritative leadership style requires obedience.
- 5. For the sakeof satisfying certain psychological needs like the need to be right or the need to be liked, human being blindly would obey to leaders they trust or found fair regardless of whether they share the same cultural values or not (Van Dijke, De Cremer & Mayer, 2010).
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- 17. Leadership is acomplex process by which a person influences others to accomplish a mission, task or objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent (Best, 2010). Good leaders are made not born. If you have the desire and will power, you can become an effective leader. Everyone has a leadership style that fall in one of the following areas authoritative, coercive, coaching, pacesetting and affiliating. The style that will be focused on is the coaching leadership style.
- 18. The coaching leadershipstyle is defined as an apprenticeship where individuals are trained by more experienced people to develop and enhance his/her professional career (Boyatzis & at.el., 2006). Peterson & Hicks (1996) also defines coaching as “the process of equipping people with the tools, knowledge, and oportunities they need to develop themselves and become more effective” (p. 14).
- 19. Coaching Techniques Searchfor hidden layers Personalize the coaching approaching Incorporate change best for the individual Impacts of Culture Insight Motivation Capabilities Real World Practices Accountability
- 20. A major challengein using the coaching leadership style is the time that it takes for both parties. The individual’s openness of the coaching can be a challenge
- 21. The ability tolearn from experienced workers increasing his/her knowledge in the field. Positive work environment and improved work outcomes. Confidence Competence Individual and team excellence High commitment to common goals and valuable leaders
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- 26. Joe Torre, NewYork Yankees Coach (1996-2007)
- 27. What are thecharacteristics of an affiliate leader? Natural relationship builders Offers ample positive feedback Are masters at building a sense of belonging Give people the freedom to do their job in the way they think is most effective Put employees first, focusing on emotional needs over what work needs Affiliative leaders may also tend to his own emotions openly.
- 28. Ability to displayempathy or “sensing what people are feeling, being able to take their perspective, and cultivating rapport and attunement with a broad diversity of people” (Goleman, 2006, p. 318). Most effective when there are situations of low morale and poor teamwork. Utilizing this method will, in the longer term, create good team bonding and heightened team performance. Also beneficial to use for healing rifts in getting through stressful situations
- 29. Sense of recognitionand reward for work well done feedback in the workplace is rare: outside of an annual review, most people usually get no feedback on their day-to-day efforts-or only negative feedback positive words all the more motivating Building trust allows habitual innovation and risk taking. Potential to develop fierce loyalty Positive effect on communication. -People who like one another a lot talk a lot. They share ideas; they share inspiration.
- 30. Foxconn Apple,Inc. parts manufacturer, (i.e. for IPOD, IPAD) in China
- 31. Employees work 60hours a week, staged strikes and threats of mass suicide to win better working conditions.( No empathy ) Most have never seen an IPAD or any finished Apple product Employees feel as though they are "not seen as a human but as an animals and machines”( No sense of belonging, workers DO NOT come first ), with low pay Complaining not tolerated. Employees are told "if they don't like it, they can quit.” ( Negative Feedback, No relationship building ) Are sometimes prohibited from speaking with other employees during work hours ( No team building, trust, and cooperation )
- 32. Poor performance willgo by without feedback as the leader may feel that conflict will upset the balance. Employees may perceive that mediocrity is tolerated. Affiliative leaders rarely offer constructive feedback Confrontation and emotionally distressing positions can be avoided Advice on how to improve is rare, employees must figure out how to do so on their own. When people need clear directives to navigate through complex challenges, the affiliative style leaves them rudderless. Not all cultures value this leadership style of positivity and empathy If this is the only style implemented, this style can actually steer a group to failure. Therefore, Affiliative Lead ship Style should not be used alone. Use in conjunction with Authoritative Leadership style . That emphasizes a vision, set standards, and let people know how their work is furthering the group's goals.
- 33. Leaders who practicethis style of leadership focus on group dynamics. Their goal is to create strong teams that work well together. This style focuses on lowering stress levels and creating good relationships between members of the team. This type of leadership is especially effective when there have been problems within the organization and morale and trust is low (Goleman, 2000). New leaders coming in to an organization after a catastrophe will find this style of leadership especially effective. It provides a strong foundation of trust and helps meet people’s need to be understood and valued. In most situations leaders will benefit from making use of the affiliate leadership style in addition to other styles (Goleman, 2000).
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- 38. Anonymous (2011) Listof Good Things Muammar Gaddafi Done for The People of Libya. Retrieved from http://expertscolumn.com/content/list-good-things-muammar-gaddafi-done-people-libya Beer, D.E., (2007). Coaching as a leadership style scores big. IndUs Business Journal Online. Retreived from http://www.indusbusinessjournal.com/ME2/Audiences/dirmod.asp?sid=&nm=&type=Publishing&mod=Publications%3A%3AArticle&mid=8F3A7027421841978F18BE895F87F791&tier=4&id=A8D3FE532E5D4A3A8B75C4B113F3282C&AudID=EEB7C7075C2E462F969310BCC0CAA619 Best, K. (2010). Assessing leadership readiness using developmental personality style: A tool for leadership coaching. International Journal Of Evidence Based Coaching And Mentoring , 8 (1), 22-33. Blass, T. (2009). From New Haven to Santa Clara: A historical perspective on the Milgram obedience experiments. American Psychologist, 64 (1), 37-45. doi:10.1037/a0014434 Boyatzis, R. E., Smith, M. L., & Blaize, N. (2006). Developing Sustainable Leaders Through Coaching and Compassion. Academy Of Management Learning & Education , 5 (1), 8-24. Braine, L. G., Pomerantz, E., Lorber, D., &Krantz, D. H. (1991). Conflicts with authority: Children's feelings, actions, and justifications. Developmental Psychology, 27 (5), 829-840. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.27.5.829
- 39. Goret, M., Zega.A., Voss. L. & Fawcett-Hammalian, G. (1998) Stanley Milgram (1933 – 1984), Retrieved from http://mikeg531.tripod.com/MikeG531.htm John,B. R.(2002) New Era in American-Libyan Relations, Middle East Policy, vol. IX, NO. 3, Retrieved from Political Science Complete Jun.2012 Laura, M., &Turiel, E. (1993). Children's concepts of authority and social contexts. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85 (1), 191-197. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.85.1.191 Lawerence, M. (2009). Memory of Red Holzman serves as a motivator for Lakers' Phil Jackson.Daily News Sports. Retrieved from the NY Daily News.com
- 40. Masters, K. S.(2009). Milgram, stress research, and the Institutional Review Board. American Psychologist, 64 (7),621-622. doi:10.1037/a0017110 Nissani, M. (1990). A cognitive reinterpretation of Stanley Milgram's observations on obedience to authority. American Psychologist, 45 (12), 1384-1385. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.45.12.1384 Peterson, D. B. (2007). Executive coaching in a cross-cultural context. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice And Research , 59 (4), 261-271. doi:10.1037/1065-9293.59.4.261 Peterson, D.B. & Hicks, M.D. (1996). Leader a coach: Strategies for coaching and development others. Minneeapolis, MN: Personnel Decisions International. Robbins, S. & Judge, T. (2009). Organizational behavior, 13th Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Van Dijke, M., De Cremer, D., & Mayer, D. M. (2010). The role of authority power in explaining procedural fairness effects. Journal ofApplied Psychology, 95 (3), 488-502. doi:10.1037/a0018921
Editor's Notes
- #27 Joe Torre is notorious for empathizing with his players when they are dealing with sensitive situations. He has been know to specifically acknowledge and praise his players when they continue to play the game even as they mourn calling one player a “warrior” (Goleman, 2000). He has been known to stand up to owners who threaten his players contracts to ascertain their value to the team (2000 ). So, why do these characteristics of Coach Torre make him fall into the affiliative role? We would first need to define the role of a affiliative leader.
- #29 Empathetic leaders can be beneficial to those cultures who vale this trait (Sadri, Weber, and Gentry, 2011 ). When leaders at higher levels display empathic emotion, it has a very positive impact upon ratings of performance (2011 ).
- #30 It is a universal principle to want to belong to something significant. We also react better to and are more motivated when we receive positive feedback on what we do. People also have a need to be understood and valued.
- #32 In cultures, where there are large populations, and high technical industries, employee empathy and engagement may be insubstantial. Foxconn is a electronics supplier powerhouse, employing 50% of China’s workforce . numerous theories suggest the ability to have and display empathy is an important part of leadership ( ).
- #34 Armstrong, P. (2012). Q&A: Apple's China supplier in the spotlight. Retrieved on February 7, 2012, from http://www.cnn.com/2012/02/06/world/asia/china-foxconn-explainer. Goleman, D. (2000). Leadership that gets results. Harvard Business Review, 78 (2), 78-90. Goleman, D. (2006). Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Dell. Sadri, G., Weber T.J., & Gentry, W.A. (2011). Empathic emotion and leadership performance: An empirical analysis across 38 countries. The Leadership Quarterly 22, 818–830.