Outcomes-based teaching and learning (OBTL) focuses on defining intended learning outcomes (ILOs) that students should achieve by the end of a course, contrasting traditional methods that prioritize content delivery. Effective teaching involves creating learning activities that require students to apply skills and knowledge, with assessments designed to evaluate their ability to use what they've learned in real-world scenarios. Course objectives should be measurable, aligned with learning activities, and clearly stated to guide student learning experiences.