Lec 2 introduction_generation
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This document provides an overview of the MIS-104 Computing Fundamentals course at the University of Dhaka. It includes the course outline, books recommended, and introductions to key topics like the characteristics, uses and history of computers. It also summarizes the five generations of computers based on their hardware, programming languages, memory and other features. The generations progressed from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits to modern microprocessors. Classification of computers is also briefly outlined based on size, data processing capabilities, and other factors.
Lec 2 introduction_generation
- 1. WELCOME
- 2. MIS – 104: Computing Fundamentals BBA Department of MIS University of Dhaka
- 3. 3 Books 1.Introduction to Computer Peter Norton 2. Computer Fundamentals Dr. M Lutfar Rahman 3. Computer Fundamentals Pradeep K. Sinha
- 4. 4 Course Outline 1. Computer: Introduction Characteristics Use (Specially in Business) History Generation 2. Classification of Computer: • Size & volume of data processing – Micro, mini, mainframe, super • Working principle – Analog, digital, hybrid • Purpose of use – Special purpose, general purpose
- 5. 5 Introduction • ORIGIN: – The word `COMPUTER`comes from `COMPUTE` means `to calculate`and computer means `calculating machine` • DEFINITION: – computer is an automatic electronic device which store,retrives & process data to show necessary results. – Cannot think but carry out instructions using 0 & 1
- 7. 7 Characteristics of Computer • Speed: – Execute command within fraction of second.Data Processing Unit-MIPS(Millions Of Instructions Per Second) • Volume of data: – 01TB HDD is using even in normal desktop, but size remains as it was. • Versatility: – Like `ONE MAN ARMY`.One machine but can do a lot of works. • Repetitiveness: – Scheduled task needn`t any further command.
- 8. 8 Characteristics continues …… • Diligence: – For a long time working it needn`t any rest. Ex- DU admission process (OMR checking, preparation of the results) • Accuracy: – Operator/programmer commits but a computer doesn't mistake. – Ex- `G. Kasparov` VS `Deep Blue` • Complexity: – Can perform complex and problem solving task easily which is quite impossible for mankind.
- 10. 10 Uses of computer (Business Purpose) • Invention: – Invention of high performing machineries to increase production. • Quality control: – Accurate maintenance of quality & quantity by computer. • Management Information Systems: – To create & maintain the large database with a lot of information. • Statistics: – To get the best statistics among databases of organization.
- 11. 11 Uses continues….. • Prediction: – Future prediction about business & helps to make better decisions. • Design: – New products designing become easier with the help of computer. • Maintenance of organization: – To maintain a vast business organization better than past. • Business communication: – Computer become a base station for communication through E-MAIL,VIDEO CONFERENCE,WEBSITE etc. • Trading: – Like E-bay,Amazon.com etc.different online computerized services evolved for easy buy & sale.
- 14. 14 Generation of computer • Definition: – Generation of computer means gradual development of key features of computer (like hardware,software,input or output devices and other specialties) in different periods after the invention of computer. • Generations: – Observing all the developments; generations are divided into 05 categories.
- 15. 15 First generation:(1942-1959) • Prime Hardware: Bulky Vacuum tube • Input device: Punch card & Paper tape • Memory unit: Magnetic drum/core • Programming language: Machine language, employing combination of 0&1
- 16. 16 Problems of First generation • Preservation of machine due to it's massive size and shape. • Low data storage capacity. • Heat problem. • Slow speed • Vacuum tubes are unreliable & inefficient in operations. • Power consumption is very high. Each tube half a watt. • Requires constant maintenance.
- 17. 17 Examples of First generation • EDSAC: Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Machine • ACE: Automatic Computer Engine • EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer • LEO: Lyons Electronic Office • UNIVAC: UNIVersal Accounting Computer • ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer • IBM 650, IBM 704, IBM 705, IBM 709, Mark II, Mark III.
- 18. 18 Second generation:(1960-1965) • Hardware: Transistor introduced • Input device: Punch card & Paper tape • Memory unit: Magnetic disc/Magnetic core • Programming language: machine or Assembly language. • Data transfer: High speed & through Tele- communication
- 19. 19 Other features of second generation • Business oriented computer system • Heat problem solved • These were first computer that stored their instructions in the memory • Smaller in size and less expensive. • Less power consumption. One-tenth of tube. • Less heat produced. • Faster and large primary and secondary storage and IO devices.
- 20. 20 Examples of second generation • IBM-1400,IBM-1600,IBM-1620 • RCA-301,RCA-501 • CDC-1604 • NCR-300 • HONEYWELL-200 • GE-200
- 21. 21 Third generation:(1965-1971) • Hardware: Mainly prepared with `IC`. Transistor was miniaturized and placed on `silicon chips` called `semiconductors`. • Programming language: High level • Memory: Semiconductor memory unit • Input device: Keyboard introduced • Output device: Monitor introduced • Data transfer: High speed Satellite communication
- 22. 22 Other features of third generation • VDU (Video Display Unit) and `Line printers` introduced • Interfaced with an `Operating systems` • Computers for the first time become accessible to a mass people • Could run different applications at the same time • Smaller in size and less expensive than 2nd generation. • Less power consumption than 2nd generation • Faster and large primary and secondary storage than 2nd generation.
- 23. 23 Examples of Third generation • PDP-08,PDP-11 • IBM-360,IBM-370 • GE-600
- 24. 24 Fourth generation:(1971-PRESENT TIME) • Hardware: Microprocessor based computer, VLSI-(Very Large Scale Integration) • Memory: Concept of `virtual storage` introduced in the memory • Programming: Object oriented programming (C++) and application Package programming (DOS,MS Office) • Introduction of `CD ROM` and `DVD ROM` • Customize software development • Semiconductor storage devices were introduced.
- 25. 25 Other features of Fourth generation • Totally General purpose machine . • Smaller in size and less expensive than 3rd generation. • More powerful and reliable. • Faster and large primary and secondary storage than 3rd generation. • High speed network developed • Interactive computer graphics was seen for the first time in the computer • Development of Mouse & Handheld devices
- 26. 26 Examples of Fourth generation • Apple Macintosh • IBM-3033,IBM-4341 • PARAM • HP-3000 • TRS-80 • SHARP-1211 • Traditional Desktop, Palmtop, Laptop, PDA
- 27. 27 Fifth generation: (Present & Beyond) • Hardware: Multi-processor & Parallel Processing • AI-(Artificial Intelligence) • Memory: Magnetic Bubble Memory • Voice recognition, Voice command, Talking machine • Use of `Super VLSI` or GSI and `optical fiber` in the computer circuit • `Quantum computation`, `Molecular` & `Nanotechnology` • Will be capable of reasoning, learning, making inferences and behaving like human.
- 28. Question...???
- 29. Break….. Next Topic: Classification of computer
- 30. 30 • On the basis of Size & Data process – Microcomputer – Minicomputer – Mainframe Computer – Super Computer Classification of computer