Lecture 0 History of Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
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The document presents a historical overview of the evolution of integrated circuit (IC) and microprocessor (μp) technology, highlighting key milestones from the invention of the vacuum tube to the development of modern microprocessors and microcontrollers. It discusses significant figures in the field, such as John Bardeen and Robert Noyce, and introduces Moore's Law, which predicts the doubling of transistors in integrated circuits approximately every two years. Additionally, the document outlines the applications and educational needs related to microcontrollers and microprocessors.
Lecture 0 History of Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
- 1. Presented by: Engr Zeeshan Ahmed Lodro Lecturer-Department of Electronics Engineering Technology BBS University of Technology and Skill Development Khairpur Mirs 1 Lecture-0
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- 3. Historical Background Evolution of ICTechnology Evolution of Microprocessor Moore’s Law Key Features of µC and µP Applications of Microprocessor Applications of Microcontroller Educational Needs of µC and µP 3
- 4. Vacuum tubes invented in 1904 by Fleming Large, expensive, power-hungry, unreliable 1947 Invention of transistor The scientists that were responsible for the 1947 invention of the transistor were: John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley. Bardeen, with a Ph.D. in mathematics and physics from Princeton University, was a specialist in the electron conducting properties of semiconductors. After three years transistors were commercially available 4
- 5. While at Fairchild, Noyce developed the integrated circuit. The same concept has been invented by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments in Dallas a few months previously. In July 1959 Noyce filed a patent for his conception of the integrated circuit. 5
- 6. 1959: Invention of the "Planar" Manufacturing Process 1959: Practical Monolithic Integrated Circuit Concept Patented 1960: First Planar Integrated Circuit is Fabricated The silicon chip was invented in 1961 by two American electrical engineers, Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce. Their creation revolutionized and miniaturized technology and paved the way for the development of the modern computer. 1962: Aerospace systems are first the applications for ICs in computers 1963: Complementary MOS Circuit Configuration is Invented 1963: Standard Logic IC Families introduced 6
- 7. 1964: First Commercial MOS IC Introduced 1964: The First Widely-Used Analog Integrated Circuit is Introduced 1965: "Moore's Law" Predicts the Future of Integrated Circuits 1965: Mainframe Computers Employ ICs 1965: Semiconductor Read-Only-Memory Chips Appear 1966: Semiconductor RAMs Serve High-speed Storage Needs 1966: Computer Aided Design Tools Developed for Ics 1971: Microprocessor Integrates CPU Function onto a Single Chip 1974: General-Purpose Microcontroller Family is Announced 1974: DigitalWatch is First System-On-Chip Integrated Circuit 7
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- 11. "Moore's law" is the observation that, over the history of computing hardware, the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit has doubled approximately every two years. He wrote an article in 1965 “cramming more components onto integrated circuits” and said that : “by 1975 the number of components per integrated circuits for minimum cost will be 65000” 11
- 12. Third IC which invented in 1965 had 32 transistors. The next IC which was about to come in 1966 had 64 transistors. In 1965, component density would be doubled every year In 1975, component density would be doubled after every 18 months. In 1995, component density was checked and it was observed that still Moore’s law valid. 12
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- 22. Smaller Size Lower Cost- cost of a transistor was 10USD Higher Reliability Low power consumption HighVersatility More Powerful 22
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