Lecture x foreign words and phrases
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This document contains definitions for over 50 foreign words and phrases that have entered common English usage. It provides the original language, part of speech, definition, and an example sentence for each term. Some of the more common foreign words defined include ad nauseam, bon vivant, carpe diem, coup de grace, and persona non grata. The document aims to expand the reader's vocabulary by explaining terms from languages including Latin, French, German, Italian, and Spanish. It was prepared by Dr. Parul Mishra and provides contact information at the top and bottom.
![1
ad absurdum
(ad ab-sir'dum) [Lat.]: to the point of absurdity. “He tediously repeated his argument ad absurdum.”
ad infinitum
(ad in-fun-eye'tum) [Lat.]: to infinity. “The lecture seemed to drone on ad infinitum.”
ad nauseam
(ad noz'ee-um) [Lat.]: to a sickening degree. “The politician uttered one platitude after another ad nauseam.”
aficionado
(uh-fish'ya-nah'doh) [Span.]: an ardent devotee. “I was surprised at what a baseball aficionado she had
become.”
angst
(angkst) [Ger.]: dread and anxiety. “Sylvia's teenage angst was nothing compared to the parental angst
experienced by the two individuals whose duty it was to raise her.”
doctorparulmishra@gmail.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture-xforeignwordsandphrases-161124193847/85/Lecture-x-foreign-words-and-phrases-2-320.jpg)
![annus mirabilis
(an'us muh-ra'buh-lis) [Lat.]: wonderful year. “Last year was the annus mirabilis for my company.”
a priori
(ah pree-or'ee) [Lat.]: based on theory rather than observation. “The fact that their house is in such
disrepair suggests a priori that they are having financial difficulties.”
au courant
(oh' koo-rahn') [Fr.]: up-to-date. “The shoes, the hair, the clothes—every last detail of her dress, in
fact—was utterly au courant.”
beau geste
(boh zhest') [Fr.]: a fine or noble gesture, often futile. “My fellow writers supported me by writing
letters of protest to the publisher, but their beau geste could not prevent the inevitable.
”
beau monde
(boh' mond') [Fr.]: high society. “Such elegant decor would impress even the beau monde.”
bête noire
(bet nwahr') [Fr.]: something or someone particularly disliked. “Talk of the good old college days way
back when had become his bête noire, and he began to avoid his school friends.”
2doctorparulmishra@gmail.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture-xforeignwordsandphrases-161124193847/85/Lecture-x-foreign-words-and-phrases-3-320.jpg)
![bona fide
(boh'na fide) [Lat.]: in good faith; genuine. “For all her reticence and modesty, it was clear that
she was a bona fide expert in her field.”
bon mot
(bon moe') [Fr.]: a witty remark or comment. “One bon mot after another flew out of his mouth,
charming the audience.”
bon vivant
(bon vee-vahnt') [Fr.]: a person who lives luxuriously and enjoys good food and drink. “It's true
he's quite the bon vivant, but when he gets down to business he conducts himself like a
Spartan.”
carpe diem
(kar'pay dee'um) [Lat.]: seize the day. “So what if you have an 8:00 a.m. meeting tomorrow and
various appointments? Carpe diem!”
carte blanche
(kart blonsh') [Fr.]: unrestricted power to act on one's own. “I may have carte blanche around
the office, but at home I'm a slave to my family's demands.”
3doctorparulmishra@gmail.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture-xforeignwordsandphrases-161124193847/85/Lecture-x-foreign-words-and-phrases-4-320.jpg)
![cause célèbre
(koz suh-leb'ruh) [Fr.]: a widely known controversial case or issue. “The Sacco and Vanzetti trial became
an international cause célèbre during the 1920s.”
caveat emptor
(kav'ee-ot emp'tor) [Lat.]: let the buyer beware. “Before you leap at that real estate deal, caveat emptor!”
comme ci comme ça
(kom see' kom sah') [Fr.]: so-so. “The plans for the party strike me as comme ci comme ça.”
comme il faut
(kom eel foe') [Fr.]: as it should be; fitting. “His end was truly comme il faut.”
coup de grâce
(koo de grahss') [Fr.]: finishing blow. “After an already wildly successful day, the coup de grâce came
when she won best all-around athlete.”
cri de coeur
(kree' de kur') [Fr.]: heartfelt appeal. “About to leave the podium, he made a final cri de coeur
to his people to end the bloodshed 4doctorparulmishra@gmail.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture-xforeignwordsandphrases-161124193847/85/Lecture-x-foreign-words-and-phrases-5-320.jpg)
![de rigueur
(duh ree-gur') [Fr.]: strictly required, as by etiquette, usage, or fashion. “Loudly proclaiming
one's support for radical causes had become de rigueur among her crowd.”
dolce vita
(dole'chay vee'tuh) [Ital.]: sweet life; the good life perceived as one of physical pleasure and
self-indulgence. “My vacation this year is going to be two uninterrupted weeks of dolce vita.”
doppelgänger
(dop'pul-gang-ur) [Ger.]: a ghostly double or counterpart of a living person. “I could not shake
the sense that some shadowy doppelgänger echoed my every move.”
ecce homo
(ek'ay ho'mo) [Lat.]: behold the man. “The painting depicted the common Renaissance theme,
ecce homo—Christ wearing the crown of thorns.”
enfant terrible
(ahn-fahn' tay-reeb'luh) [Fr.]: an incorrigible child; an outrageously outspoken or bold person.
“He played the role of enfant terrible, jolting us with his blunt assessment.”
entre nous
(ahn'truh noo') [Fr.]: between ourselves; confidentially. “Entre nous, their marriage is on the rocks.”
5doctorparulmishra@gmail.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture-xforeignwordsandphrases-161124193847/85/Lecture-x-foreign-words-and-phrases-6-320.jpg)
![ex cathedra
(ex kuh-thee'druh) [Lat.]: with authority; used especially of those pronouncements of the pope that are
considered infallible. “I resigned myself to obeying; my father's opinions were ex cathedra in our household.
”
ex post facto
(ex' post fak'toh) [Lat.]: retroactively. “I certainly hope that the change in policy will be honored .
ex post facto.”
fait accompli
(fate ah-kom-plee') [Fr.]: an accomplished fact, presumably irreversible. “There's no use protesting—
it's a fait accompli.”
faux pas
(foh pah') [Fr.]: a social blunder. “Suddenly, she realized she had unwittingly committed yet another
faux pas.”
flagrante delicto
(fla-grahn'tee di-lik'toh) [Lat.]: in the act. “The detective realized that without hard evidence he had
no case; he would have to catch the culprit flagrante delicto.”
6doctorparulmishra@gmail.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture-xforeignwordsandphrases-161124193847/85/Lecture-x-foreign-words-and-phrases-7-320.jpg)
![glasnost
(glaz'nohst) [Rus.]: open and frank discussion: initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985 in the Soviet Union.
“Once the old chairman retired, the spirit of glasnost pervaded the department.”
hoi polloi
(hoy' puh-loy') [Gk.]: the common people. “Marie Antoinette recommended cake to the hoi polloi.”
in loco parentis
(in loh'koh pa-ren'tiss) [Lat.]: in the place of a parent. “The court appointed a guardian for the children, to serve
in loco parentis.”
in medias res
(in me'-dee-as rays) [Lat.]: in the middle of a sequence of occurences. “The film begins in medias res, with a panting,
terrified man running through the night.”
in situ
(in sit'too) [Lat.]: situated in the original or natural position. “I prefer seeing statues in situ rather than in the confines
of a museum.”
in vino veritas
(in vee'no vare'i-toss) [Lat.]: in wine there is truth. “By the end of the party, several of the guests had made a good deal
of their private lives public, prompting the host to murmur to his wife, ‘in vino veritas.’”
ipso facto
(ip'soh fak'toh) [Lat.]: by the fact itself. “An extremist, ipso facto, cannot become part of a coalition.”
7doctorparulmishra@gmail.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture-xforeignwordsandphrases-161124193847/85/Lecture-x-foreign-words-and-phrases-8-320.jpg)
![je ne sais quoi
(zheh neh say kwah') [Fr.]: I know not what; an elusive quality. “She couldn't explain it, but there was
something je ne sais quoi about him that she found devastatingly attractive.”
mano a mano
(mah'no ah mah'no) [Span.]: directly or face-to-face in a confrontation or conflict. “‘Stay out of it,’ he
admonished his friends, ‘I want to handle this guy mano a mano.’”
mea culpa
(may'uh kul'puh) [Lat.]: I am to blame. “His mea culpa was so offhand that I hardly think he meant it.”
memento mori
(muh-men'toh more'ee) [Lat.]: a reminder that you must die. “The skull rested on the mantlepiece as
a memento mori.”
mise en scene
(mee' zahn sen) [Fr.]: the stage setting; surroundings. “The mise en scene for the sci-fi movie was molded,
futuristic furniture and blinding klieg lights.”
mot juste
(moh zhoost') [Fr.]: the exact, appropriate word. “‘Rats!’ screamed the defiant three-year-old, immensely
proud of his mot juste.”
8doctorparulmishra@gmail.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture-xforeignwordsandphrases-161124193847/85/Lecture-x-foreign-words-and-phrases-9-320.jpg)
![nom de guerre
(nom duh gair') [Fr.]: pseudonym. “He went by his nom de guerre when frequenting trendy nightclubs.”
nom de plume
(nom duh ploom') [Fr.]: pen name. “Deciding it was time to sit down and begin a novel, the would-be
writer spent the first several hours deciding upon a suitable nom de plume.”
nota bene
(noh'tuh ben'nee) [Ital.]: note well; take notice. “Her postcard included a reminder: nota bene, I'll be
returning on the 11 o'clock train.”
persona non grata
(per-soh'nuh non grah'tuh) [Lat.]: unacceptable or unwelcome person. “Once I was cut out of the will,
I became persona non grata among my relatives.”
prima facie
(pry'ma fay'she) [Lat.]: at first sight, clear and evident. “Although her husband implored, ‘I can explain!’
the sight of another woman wrapped in his arms was prima facie evidence that he was a deceitful lout.”
9doctorparulmishra@gmail.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture-xforeignwordsandphrases-161124193847/85/Lecture-x-foreign-words-and-phrases-10-320.jpg)
![quid pro quo
(kwid' pro kwoh') [Lat.]: something for something; an equal exchange. “She vowed that when she had
the means, she would return his favors quid pro quo.”
sans souci
(sahn soo-see') [Fr.]: carefree. “After serveral glasses of champagne, their mood turned distinctly sans souci.
savoir-faire
(sav'wahr fair') [Fr.]: the ability to say and do the correct thing. “She presided over the gathering with
impressive savoir-faire.”
schadenfreude
(shah den froy'deh) [Ger.]: pleasure at someone else's misfortunes. “Schadenfreude suffused the classroom
after the insufferably supercilious class pet was caught cheating by the teacher.”
sic transit gloria mundi
(sick tran'sit glor'ee-uh mun'dee) [Lat.]: thus passes away the glory of the world. “Watching the aging
former football quarterback lumber down the street, potbellied and dissipated, his friend shook his head
in disbelief and muttered, ‘sic transit gloria mundi.’”
sine qua non
(sin'ay kwah nohn') [Lat.]: indispensable element or condition. “Lemon is the sine qua non of
this recipe.” 10doctorparulmishra@gmail.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture-xforeignwordsandphrases-161124193847/85/Lecture-x-foreign-words-and-phrases-11-320.jpg)
![terra incognita
(tare'uh in-kog-nee'tuh) [Lat.]: unknown territory. “When the conversation suddenly switched from
contemporary fiction to medieval Albanian playwrights, he felt himself entering terra incognita.”
tout le monde
(too luh mond') [Fr.]: everybody; everyone of importance. “Don't miss the event; it's bound to be attended
by tout le monde.”
veni, vidi, vici
(ven'ee vee'dee vee'chee) [Lat.]: I came, I saw, I conquered. “After the takeover the business mogul gloated,
‘veni, vidi, vici.’”
verboten
(fer-boh'ten) [Ger.]: forbidden, as by law; prohibited. “That topic, I am afraid, is verboten in this household.”
vox populi
(voks pop'yoo-lie) [Lat.]: the voice of the people. “My sentiments echo those of the vox populi.”
Wanderjahr2
(vahn'der-yahr) [Ger.]: a year or period of travel, especially following one's schooling. “The trio took off on
their Wanderjahr, intent on visiting every museum between Edinburgh and Rome.”
11doctorparulmishra@gmail.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture-xforeignwordsandphrases-161124193847/85/Lecture-x-foreign-words-and-phrases-12-320.jpg)
![Weltschmerz2
(velt'shmerts) [Ger.]: sorrow over the evils of the world. “His poetry expressed a certain Weltschmerz,
or world-weariness.”
Zeitgeist2
(zite'guyst) [Ger.]: the thought or sensibility characteristic of a particular period of time.
“She blamed it on the Zeitgeist, which encouraged hedonistic excess.
12doctorparulmishra@gmail.com](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture-xforeignwordsandphrases-161124193847/85/Lecture-x-foreign-words-and-phrases-13-320.jpg)
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Similar to Lecture x foreign words and phrases (20)
Lecture x foreign words and phrases
- 1. PREPARED BY: Dr. PARUL MISHRA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DCE, GURGAON [email protected]
- 2. 1 ad absurdum (ad ab-sir'dum) [Lat.]: to the point of absurdity. “He tediously repeated his argument ad absurdum.” ad infinitum (ad in-fun-eye'tum) [Lat.]: to infinity. “The lecture seemed to drone on ad infinitum.” ad nauseam (ad noz'ee-um) [Lat.]: to a sickening degree. “The politician uttered one platitude after another ad nauseam.” aficionado (uh-fish'ya-nah'doh) [Span.]: an ardent devotee. “I was surprised at what a baseball aficionado she had become.” angst (angkst) [Ger.]: dread and anxiety. “Sylvia's teenage angst was nothing compared to the parental angst experienced by the two individuals whose duty it was to raise her.” [email protected]
- 3. annus mirabilis (an'us muh-ra'buh-lis) [Lat.]: wonderful year. “Last year was the annus mirabilis for my company.” a priori (ah pree-or'ee) [Lat.]: based on theory rather than observation. “The fact that their house is in such disrepair suggests a priori that they are having financial difficulties.” au courant (oh' koo-rahn') [Fr.]: up-to-date. “The shoes, the hair, the clothes—every last detail of her dress, in fact—was utterly au courant.” beau geste (boh zhest') [Fr.]: a fine or noble gesture, often futile. “My fellow writers supported me by writing letters of protest to the publisher, but their beau geste could not prevent the inevitable. ” beau monde (boh' mond') [Fr.]: high society. “Such elegant decor would impress even the beau monde.” bête noire (bet nwahr') [Fr.]: something or someone particularly disliked. “Talk of the good old college days way back when had become his bête noire, and he began to avoid his school friends.” [email protected]
- 4. bona fide (boh'na fide) [Lat.]: in good faith; genuine. “For all her reticence and modesty, it was clear that she was a bona fide expert in her field.” bon mot (bon moe') [Fr.]: a witty remark or comment. “One bon mot after another flew out of his mouth, charming the audience.” bon vivant (bon vee-vahnt') [Fr.]: a person who lives luxuriously and enjoys good food and drink. “It's true he's quite the bon vivant, but when he gets down to business he conducts himself like a Spartan.” carpe diem (kar'pay dee'um) [Lat.]: seize the day. “So what if you have an 8:00 a.m. meeting tomorrow and various appointments? Carpe diem!” carte blanche (kart blonsh') [Fr.]: unrestricted power to act on one's own. “I may have carte blanche around the office, but at home I'm a slave to my family's demands.” [email protected]
- 5. cause célèbre (koz suh-leb'ruh) [Fr.]: a widely known controversial case or issue. “The Sacco and Vanzetti trial became an international cause célèbre during the 1920s.” caveat emptor (kav'ee-ot emp'tor) [Lat.]: let the buyer beware. “Before you leap at that real estate deal, caveat emptor!” comme ci comme ça (kom see' kom sah') [Fr.]: so-so. “The plans for the party strike me as comme ci comme ça.” comme il faut (kom eel foe') [Fr.]: as it should be; fitting. “His end was truly comme il faut.” coup de grâce (koo de grahss') [Fr.]: finishing blow. “After an already wildly successful day, the coup de grâce came when she won best all-around athlete.” cri de coeur (kree' de kur') [Fr.]: heartfelt appeal. “About to leave the podium, he made a final cri de coeur to his people to end the bloodshed [email protected]
- 6. de rigueur (duh ree-gur') [Fr.]: strictly required, as by etiquette, usage, or fashion. “Loudly proclaiming one's support for radical causes had become de rigueur among her crowd.” dolce vita (dole'chay vee'tuh) [Ital.]: sweet life; the good life perceived as one of physical pleasure and self-indulgence. “My vacation this year is going to be two uninterrupted weeks of dolce vita.” doppelgänger (dop'pul-gang-ur) [Ger.]: a ghostly double or counterpart of a living person. “I could not shake the sense that some shadowy doppelgänger echoed my every move.” ecce homo (ek'ay ho'mo) [Lat.]: behold the man. “The painting depicted the common Renaissance theme, ecce homo—Christ wearing the crown of thorns.” enfant terrible (ahn-fahn' tay-reeb'luh) [Fr.]: an incorrigible child; an outrageously outspoken or bold person. “He played the role of enfant terrible, jolting us with his blunt assessment.” entre nous (ahn'truh noo') [Fr.]: between ourselves; confidentially. “Entre nous, their marriage is on the rocks.” [email protected]
- 7. ex cathedra (ex kuh-thee'druh) [Lat.]: with authority; used especially of those pronouncements of the pope that are considered infallible. “I resigned myself to obeying; my father's opinions were ex cathedra in our household. ” ex post facto (ex' post fak'toh) [Lat.]: retroactively. “I certainly hope that the change in policy will be honored . ex post facto.” fait accompli (fate ah-kom-plee') [Fr.]: an accomplished fact, presumably irreversible. “There's no use protesting— it's a fait accompli.” faux pas (foh pah') [Fr.]: a social blunder. “Suddenly, she realized she had unwittingly committed yet another faux pas.” flagrante delicto (fla-grahn'tee di-lik'toh) [Lat.]: in the act. “The detective realized that without hard evidence he had no case; he would have to catch the culprit flagrante delicto.” [email protected]
- 8. glasnost (glaz'nohst) [Rus.]: open and frank discussion: initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985 in the Soviet Union. “Once the old chairman retired, the spirit of glasnost pervaded the department.” hoi polloi (hoy' puh-loy') [Gk.]: the common people. “Marie Antoinette recommended cake to the hoi polloi.” in loco parentis (in loh'koh pa-ren'tiss) [Lat.]: in the place of a parent. “The court appointed a guardian for the children, to serve in loco parentis.” in medias res (in me'-dee-as rays) [Lat.]: in the middle of a sequence of occurences. “The film begins in medias res, with a panting, terrified man running through the night.” in situ (in sit'too) [Lat.]: situated in the original or natural position. “I prefer seeing statues in situ rather than in the confines of a museum.” in vino veritas (in vee'no vare'i-toss) [Lat.]: in wine there is truth. “By the end of the party, several of the guests had made a good deal of their private lives public, prompting the host to murmur to his wife, ‘in vino veritas.’” ipso facto (ip'soh fak'toh) [Lat.]: by the fact itself. “An extremist, ipso facto, cannot become part of a coalition.” [email protected]
- 9. je ne sais quoi (zheh neh say kwah') [Fr.]: I know not what; an elusive quality. “She couldn't explain it, but there was something je ne sais quoi about him that she found devastatingly attractive.” mano a mano (mah'no ah mah'no) [Span.]: directly or face-to-face in a confrontation or conflict. “‘Stay out of it,’ he admonished his friends, ‘I want to handle this guy mano a mano.’” mea culpa (may'uh kul'puh) [Lat.]: I am to blame. “His mea culpa was so offhand that I hardly think he meant it.” memento mori (muh-men'toh more'ee) [Lat.]: a reminder that you must die. “The skull rested on the mantlepiece as a memento mori.” mise en scene (mee' zahn sen) [Fr.]: the stage setting; surroundings. “The mise en scene for the sci-fi movie was molded, futuristic furniture and blinding klieg lights.” mot juste (moh zhoost') [Fr.]: the exact, appropriate word. “‘Rats!’ screamed the defiant three-year-old, immensely proud of his mot juste.” [email protected]
- 10. nom de guerre (nom duh gair') [Fr.]: pseudonym. “He went by his nom de guerre when frequenting trendy nightclubs.” nom de plume (nom duh ploom') [Fr.]: pen name. “Deciding it was time to sit down and begin a novel, the would-be writer spent the first several hours deciding upon a suitable nom de plume.” nota bene (noh'tuh ben'nee) [Ital.]: note well; take notice. “Her postcard included a reminder: nota bene, I'll be returning on the 11 o'clock train.” persona non grata (per-soh'nuh non grah'tuh) [Lat.]: unacceptable or unwelcome person. “Once I was cut out of the will, I became persona non grata among my relatives.” prima facie (pry'ma fay'she) [Lat.]: at first sight, clear and evident. “Although her husband implored, ‘I can explain!’ the sight of another woman wrapped in his arms was prima facie evidence that he was a deceitful lout.” [email protected]
- 11. quid pro quo (kwid' pro kwoh') [Lat.]: something for something; an equal exchange. “She vowed that when she had the means, she would return his favors quid pro quo.” sans souci (sahn soo-see') [Fr.]: carefree. “After serveral glasses of champagne, their mood turned distinctly sans souci. savoir-faire (sav'wahr fair') [Fr.]: the ability to say and do the correct thing. “She presided over the gathering with impressive savoir-faire.” schadenfreude (shah den froy'deh) [Ger.]: pleasure at someone else's misfortunes. “Schadenfreude suffused the classroom after the insufferably supercilious class pet was caught cheating by the teacher.” sic transit gloria mundi (sick tran'sit glor'ee-uh mun'dee) [Lat.]: thus passes away the glory of the world. “Watching the aging former football quarterback lumber down the street, potbellied and dissipated, his friend shook his head in disbelief and muttered, ‘sic transit gloria mundi.’” sine qua non (sin'ay kwah nohn') [Lat.]: indispensable element or condition. “Lemon is the sine qua non of this recipe.” [email protected]
- 12. terra incognita (tare'uh in-kog-nee'tuh) [Lat.]: unknown territory. “When the conversation suddenly switched from contemporary fiction to medieval Albanian playwrights, he felt himself entering terra incognita.” tout le monde (too luh mond') [Fr.]: everybody; everyone of importance. “Don't miss the event; it's bound to be attended by tout le monde.” veni, vidi, vici (ven'ee vee'dee vee'chee) [Lat.]: I came, I saw, I conquered. “After the takeover the business mogul gloated, ‘veni, vidi, vici.’” verboten (fer-boh'ten) [Ger.]: forbidden, as by law; prohibited. “That topic, I am afraid, is verboten in this household.” vox populi (voks pop'yoo-lie) [Lat.]: the voice of the people. “My sentiments echo those of the vox populi.” Wanderjahr2 (vahn'der-yahr) [Ger.]: a year or period of travel, especially following one's schooling. “The trio took off on their Wanderjahr, intent on visiting every museum between Edinburgh and Rome.” [email protected]
- 13. Weltschmerz2 (velt'shmerts) [Ger.]: sorrow over the evils of the world. “His poetry expressed a certain Weltschmerz, or world-weariness.” Zeitgeist2 (zite'guyst) [Ger.]: the thought or sensibility characteristic of a particular period of time. “She blamed it on the Zeitgeist, which encouraged hedonistic excess. [email protected]