Lego robotics
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The document outlines a Lego robotics workshop scheduled for September 19-20, 2016, at Mehran UET, Jamshoro, featuring lectures and hands-on construction of robots using Lego Mindstorms EV3. It covers essential topics such as robotics definitions, component functions like motors and sensors, and concludes with guidelines on robot construction. The workshop aims to educate participants on the design, programming, and practical execution of robotic tasks.
Lego robotics
- 1. Lego Robotics Workshop Team E-Rev [email protected] Mehran UET, Jamshoro 19-20, Sept 2016 Supervisors: Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Kalwar Engr. Kamran Kazi Engr. Aamir Ali Patoli www.facebook.com/erevmuet/
- 2. Schedule--Today Day-1 • Lecture– 10am to 12am • Construction of Robot—12pm to 2pm • Lunch—2pm to 3pm • Construction Resume—3pm to 5pm
- 3. Contents • What is Robotics? • Introduction to Lego Robotics • Lego Mindstorms EV3—3rd Generation evolution Intelligent Brick Motors Sensors • Construction of Robot • Programming • Execution of task
- 4. What is Robotics? • It is the branch of Mechanical, Electrical/Electronic and Computer system engineering that deals with design, construction and computer system for their control, sensory feedback and information processing • Mechanical Engineers are concern with design and construction • IT Engineers are concern with control, communication and processing
- 5. What is Robot? • Robot is a controllable/programmable mechanical machine. • It can interface with humans and environment • First robot was invented by “George Devol”
- 9. Contents of Robotics • Servo Motors • Gears • Sensors • Relation of Torque and Speed
- 11. Servo Motors • Servo Motor: It is a simple DC motor with some circuitry. • It contain DC Motor Gears Potentiometer Feedback Control System • Servo Motor is used for controlled movement. • It is used when we need specified movement. Like two rotation, rotation for 30 sec or rotation for 90degrees
- 12. Mechanism of Servo Motor
- 14. Gear • It is used to transfer motion. • It is used to vary Torque and speed. • Used to change direction of rotating element
- 15. How Motion is transferred?
- 16. Relation Between Torque and Speed 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝛼 1 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 Torque: It tells us how much load can be drived by rotating machine The first gear of vehicle has more torque than speed. Due to this, you can drive more load but at low speed. Speed: It is angular velocity of a motor.
- 18. Lego Robotics
- 19. LEGO?
- 21. LEGO Group • Lego Group has been designing different robotic kits for education and competitive purpose
- 22. Lego Mindstorms EV3 • This is 3rd Generation Lego Robotic kit. • It comes with two different package i.e. different package contain different assortment of material 1) Retail Set 31313 2) Education Core set 45544
- 23. Content • Intelligent Brick • Motors Large Motors Medium Motors • IR (Infrared) sensor • Remote IR Beacon • Ultrasonic sensor • Color sensor • Touch sensor
- 26. Intelligent Brick • Serve as control and power section for robot • Specification ARM9 Processor Flash memory 16MB Ram 64MB Support up to four sensors and four motors USB 2.0 communication to host PC– up to 480Mbit/sec Support Micro SD card up to 32GB Connectors RJ12 Power: 6 AA Batteries—1.5x6=9Volt Wireless connection via Bluetooth and Wi-Fi
- 27. Motors--Large • High Torque • Less Speed • Used to move robot like tires in cars • Running Speed: 160- 170rpm • Running Torque: 20Ncm
- 28. Motors-- Medium • Less Torque • High Speed • Used to move small parts of robot. Like Arm, lift, gun etc • Running Speed: 240- 250rpm • Running Torque: 8Ncm
- 29. Large Motor Medium Motor More Powerful Less Powerful Slower Faster
- 30. Sensor-- Ultrasonic • It works on the principle of reflected sound waves • Used to measure distance • One ultrasonic sensor can detect other ultrasonic sensor operating nearby • Range: 3-250cm with +/- 1cm
- 31. How it works? • Ultrasonic sensor emits sound waves. These sound waves reflect back if there is an object in front of sensor. Ultrasonic detects these reflected sound waves and measures the time interval between transmitting and receiving the sound waves. By using the measured time interval it estimates distance between sensor and object
- 32. How it works?
- 33. Sensor— Infrared(IR) • It works on the principle of reflected Light waves • Detects infrared light reflected from object or sent from IR remote/beacon • Use to measure distance or proximity • It detects the reflected light and estimate the distance between sensor and object up to 70cm(Proximity Mode) depending upon the shape and size of object.
- 34. How Infrared sensor works
- 35. Ultrasonic and Infrared work on the same principle of Radar and Sonar • Radar produce radio waves to detect object—Used in defense mechanism • Sonar produce sound waves to detect object– Used in Submarines
- 36. Ultrasonic Vs Infrared… Which one is better? Infrared Sensor can not work in dark environment while Ultrasonic can. Whereas Ultrasonic is not very good in defining edges of area
- 37. Drawback of Infrared sensor
- 39. Sensor--Color • It is used to detect seven different colors, reflected light intensity and ambient light intensity • Ambient Light tells us how bright or dark the environment is. • Cell phone has built-in ambient light sensors. Due to this cell phone adjusts its brightness by itself
- 40. How color sensor works? Do colors exist?
- 41. What is Color? • Confused? Light, an electromagnetic wave, can come in different wavelengths. These wavelengths enter your eye and the energy gets absorbed by cells on the back of your eye. This light energy then gets converted into chemical energy, gets processed by a few hundred million specialized neurons, and after a few fractions of a second magically your brain says wavelength 450nm is blue and wavelength 520nm is green.
- 42. How Color sensor works? • The color/light sensor shines the white light on object and detects the reflected colored light. • The color sensor shines three colors (RGB—Red, Green and Blue) on object, measure the reflected color intensity and recognize the actual color of object. If we shine RGB on red object, the red color becomes more brighter and reflect back with more intensity while the green and blue get absorbed by object—Hence the sensor can detect red color Above principle is same for green and blue color • It can also record the intensity(brightness) of color/light. • It has photodiode, which convert the light into current.
- 45. How human eye detect color?
- 46. Sensor--Touch • It is like a button. • It sense Pressed, Released and Bumped • Bumped=Pressed and Released
- 47. Sensor--Gyro • It sense the rotational motion on one axis or rate of rotational motion(degrees per second)—Angular Velocity • Measures how fast and how far your robot is turning
- 48. Application of Gyro Sensor • Gyro sensor is used in airplane, jet plane etc • Your cellphone has built-in Gyro sensor Screen rotation is sensed by Gyro sensor
- 49. Infrared(IR) Beacon/Remote • Used to control robot • Can be used in 2 modes • 1. Beacon ( IR sensor follows it) • 2. Remote (sends commands to brick)
- 50. Accessories Education Edition Home edition Rechargeable Battery Yes No Intelligent Brick 1 1 IR Beacon (Infrared Remote Control) 0 1 Infrared Sensor 0 1 Ultrasonic Sensor 1 0 Touch Sensor 2 1 Color Sensor 1 1 Gyro Sensor 1 0 Large Motor 2 2 Middle Motor 1 1
- 52. Construction of Robot Lets Start
- 53. How to construct your Robot? Just join/connect different components of Robot according to your design/task
- 54. Here are the Components