Lesson 1 - Introduction to Programming .pdf
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This document provides an introduction to programming, including definitions of key concepts such as programs, programming languages, and different types of programming languages. It defines a program as a set of instructions that tells a computer how to perform a task. Programming languages provide a communication link between humans and computers and are defined by their syntax and semantics. Programming languages can be low-level like machine language and assembly language, which are close to hardware, or high-level languages which are more abstract and portable. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of different language types and provides a brief history of programming language development.
Lesson 1 - Introduction to Programming .pdf
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING Lesson 1 – Programming Logic and Design MR. ROWELL L. MARQUINA IT Instructor, PUP Biñan
- 3. WHAT IS A PROGRAM? A program refers to a set of commands that provide instructions to a computer on how to perform a specific task. IMAGE SOURCE: https://beginnersbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Java_program_simple_interest.jpg
- 4. WHAT IS A PROGRAM? A program can instruct the computer to: â–Ş display message on screen â–Ş get input from users â–Ş perform arithmetic operations â–Ş compare values â–Ş perform iterations IMAGE SOURCE: https://beginnersbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Java_program_simple_interest.jpg
- 6. WHAT IS A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE? A programming language is an artificial language developed to provide a communication link between humans and computers. IMAGE SOURCE: https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:820/1*v5NRqLcyXIVNaG5KLjKIQA.png Like a formal language, a programming language is defined by its two components: syntax (form) and semantics (meaning).
- 7. WHAT IS A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE? Syntax refers to the principle that guides how a specific instruction is written. IMAGE SOURCE: https://cs.lmu.edu/~ray/images/ast.png It details the rules on how symbols, punctuations, and words are used in a programming language to write a command.
- 8. WHAT IS A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE? Semantics refers to an analytical system that conveys or defines the meaning of a written instruction in a program. IMAGE SOURCE: https://www.baeldung.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2022/10/Lexic2.png It is used to generate and validate meanings of a piece of code.
- 10. TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Programming Language can be classified into two generations: â–Ş Low Level Language â–Ş High Level Language IMAGE SOURCE: https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:624/1*icGwCEFBJTjIPcslHeL1Eg.png
- 11. LOW LEVEL VS. HIGH LEVEL
- 12. LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE Low Level Language is a type of programming language that is machine dependent and provides little to no abstraction in the interface between programmers and the machine. IMAGE SOURCE: https://www.deviantart.com/findingnull/art/Binary-GIF-871009093
- 13. HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE A High-Level Language is a user- friendly programming language that allows programmers to write their programs using natural language. IMAGE SOURCE: https://beginnersbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Java_program_simple_interest.jpg Since High-Level Language is independent of the computer hardware architecture, the syntax is created in a form that can be easily read and understood by humans.
- 14. TYPES OF LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE
- 15. MACHINE LANGUAGE Machine Language is a type of low-level programming language where the instructions are written using binary code. A binary code refers to a string of 1s (high voltage) and 0s (low or no voltage). IMAGE SOURCE: https://www.dspguide.com/graphics/T_4_3.gif
- 16. MACHINE LANGUAGE To understand binary coding, consider the use of 7–segment LED Display. IMAGE SOURCE: https://www.cs.mtsu.edu/~xyang/images/computer-language-types.png The zero represents a situation where there is no voltage that entered the circuit or an “off” state while one represents an “on” state where a high voltage entered the circuit.
- 17. MACHINE LANGUAGE IMAGE SOURCE: https://www.dspguide.com/graphics/T_4_3.gif
- 18. MACHINE LANGUAGE IMAGE SOURCE: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/machlang.htm
- 19. ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE Assembly Language is a type of low- level programming language that uses mnemonics to act as an intermediary interface between human and computers. IMAGE SOURCE: https://isaaccomputerscience.org/api/v3.5.0/api/images/content/computer_science/computer_systems/progr amming_languages/figures/isaac_cs_sys_proglang_simulator_display_if.png Mnemonics refers to a string of letters that represents a shortened version of the instruction.
- 20. ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE VIDEO SOURCE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gwYkEK0gOk
- 21. ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE An assembler is needed to make the computer understand the codes written by the programmer. Assembler is a program that converts a predefined language to machine language so that the computer will understand what an abstracted code means. IMAGE SOURCE: https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZF4p5.jpg
- 22. ADVANTAGES OF LOW-LEVEL LANGUAGE â–Ş The instructions are executed quickly since there is minimal need for translation between languages. â–Ş The instructions require very small amount of space in the memory. â–Ş It offers a high level of security since the program is written in a language that is difficult to modify because of its complexity.
- 23. DISADVANTAGES OF LOW-LEVEL LANGUAGE â–Ş It is very difficult to code using binary code. â–Ş It is difficult to debug and maintain. â–Ş Programs written in low-level languages are not portable since they are written for specific specific computers.
- 24. TYPES OF HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE
- 25. HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE Procedural Language is a high-level programming language where the program is executed using a sequence or a strict series of steps. Object-Oriented Language is a high-level programming language where the program is executed based on the interaction of functions between objects.
- 26. ADVANTAGES OF HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE â–Ş High-Level Languages are easy to understand because it uses English language. â–Ş Programs written using High-Level Languages are portable meaning they can be used in other computers aside from the computer where the codes are written. â–Ş Programs written in High-Level languages are easier to debug and maintain.
- 27. DISADVANTAGES OF HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE â–Ş Instructions written using High-Level Language programs takes longer time to process because of the translation process from human language to machine language. â–Ş Programs written in high-level language consumes a larger amount of memory compared to Lower-Level programs because of the interpreters, compilers, and other processes needed for ease of translation.
- 29. HISTORY OF PROGRAMMING VIDEO SOURCE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhpslN-OD_o
- 30. INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING MR. ROWELL L. MARQUINA Professional Lecturer, Polytechnic University of the Philippines Email Address: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]