Lesson 17: Weather and Climate

NOTICE
Before we can fully understand
the difference between weather
and climate, and how they
change, it is important to know
where these changes occur and
how they happen.

TEMPERATURE
An important element of climate.
Degree of hotness and coldness
of the atmosphere.
Influenced by certain factors
such as altitude and latitude.
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COMPOSITION OF THE
ATMOSPHERE
78 % Nitrogen 21% Oxygen
1% combination of Hydrogen,
Carbon Dioxide, Argon and inert gases
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Layers of the
ATMOSPHERE
Ozone Layer - filters
the ultraviolet radiation
from the Sun entering
the Earth.
• Ionosphere - ionized by
solar and cosmic radiation.
• Thermosphere - about 50
to 85 km above our planet
• Mesosphere – lies
between thermosphere and
stratosphere.
• Stratosphere – Ozone
layers is found
• Troposphere – weather
and climate occur
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Figure 1: The atmosphere, its layers and how air pressure changes with altitudes.

Figure 2: The atmosphere, its layers and how high they are.

Figure 1: The atmosphere, its layers and the objects able to flew on the certain layer.

WEATHER
• The condition of the air or the
atmosphere in general, at a
particular moment or over a short
period of time.
• It is an experience from day to
day and may change any time.
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CLIMATE
• The average condition of the
atmosphere in a given place or
region.
• Observed every year, and the
summary of the weather patterns of
a given region.
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ELEMENTS &
CONTROLS OF
WEATHER &
CLIMATE

WEATHER AND CLIMATE
ELEMENTS
• Temperature
• Precipitation
• Air Pressure
• Wind
CLIMATIC CONTROLS
• Altitude or Elevation
• Orographic or mountain
barriers
• Pressure belts
• Ocean current
• Heating differences
• Typhoons and wind flows
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Latitude and Temperature
Due to the changing angles of the Sun’s
rays as they reach the surface of the Earth.
CONTROLS OF
CLIMATE
1
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Altitude or Elevation
Atmospheric temperature decreases as
elevation increases.
CONTROLS OF
CLIMATE
2
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Orographic or
Mountain Barriers
Affect the amount of rainfall a place will
receive depending on its position.
CONTROLS OF
CLIMATE
3
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OROGRAPHIC OR
MOUNTAIN BARRIERS
Windward Side
• Where the wind blows
and undergoes cooling
and condensation. Leeward Side
• Where no rain fall.
Orographic Rainfall
• Where the rainfall will
fall.
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Pressure Belts
of the world control the flow of winds
and the amount of precipitation
received by a place.
CONTROLS OF
CLIMATE
4
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Ocean Currents
is a large volume of ocean water that moves
as a unit and in a specific direction.
Cold or warm depending on
where it comes from.
CONTROLS OF
CLIMATE
5

Ocean Currents
of the world help distribute heat all over the
Earth bringing warm temperature to cold
areas and cold temperatures to places that
are warm or hot.
CONTROLS OF
CLIMATE

California Current
Benguela Current
Canary Current
Peruvian or Humboldt Current
WARM MAJOR CURRENTS
OF THE WORLD

Equatorial Currents
Japan Current or Kurushio
North Pacific Drift
North Atlantic Drift
Gulf Stream
Alaska Current
MAJOR CURRENTS
OF THE WORLD

Land Breeze & Sea Breeze
phenomena illustrate how the heating
differences between land and water bodies
affect the development of pressure systems
and the movement of winds.
CONTROLS OF
CLIMATE
6

CONTROLS OF CLIMATE
LAND BREEZE
• Movement of the wind
from the land towards
the sea.
SEA BREEZE
• Movement of the wind
from the sea towards
the land.
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Typhoon
comes from the Chinese word “tai-fung”, which
means “big wind”.
A compact low pressure system that moves as a
unit and within which winds are spiraling with
great speed.
CONTROLS OF
CLIMATE
7

Effects of Typhoon Ondoy in the Philippines

Windflow
like the Monsoon. The word monsoon comes from
the Arabic word “mausim”, which means SEASON.
Monsoon is the seasonal flow of winds between the
Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
CONTROLS OF
CLIMATE
8
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MONSOON ASIA
Particular in the Philippines and Southeast Asia.
HABAGAT
Southwest Monsoon
- experienced from
November to February.
AMIHAN
Northeast Monsoon
- experienced during
June to September.

The tropics are the areas
bounded by the Tropic of
Cancer (23 ½◦) in the North and
the Tropic of Capricorn (23 ½◦)
in the south.
LOW LATITUDE
CLIMATES
8

Are areas found between the Tropic
of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in
the Northern Hemisphere and thos
between the Tropic of Capricorn
and the Antarctic Circle.
MIDDLE LATITUDE
CLIMATES
8

Are places located in the High
latitudes. These are areas north of
the Arctic Circle and south of the
Antarctic Circle.
HIGH LATITUDE
CLIMATES
8

Lesson 17: Weather and Climate

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Lesson 17: Weather and Climate